abstract: 'This article describes 40 years of trends in wages and labor force

  participation for the ``working class{''''}-workers with a high school

  education or less-compared to workers with a college degree or more. We

  compare cyclical peaks over the entire period 1979 to 2019, with

  particular focus on the Great Recession (2007-2010) and recovery

  (2010-2019). We also present results by gender and race. We find real

  wage growth for all workers in the recovery from the Great Recession,

  but not enough to change the long-term trends of growing inequality and

  stagnant wages for the less educated. We also find that labor force

  participation continued to decline for the less educated, even during

  the recovery. Gaps between whites and Blacks grew, while Hispanics and

  Asians made more progress than Blacks. We consider various explanations

  for these findings and show that the early effects of the 2020 to 2021

  pandemic recession hurt less-educated workers and those of color more

  than anyone else.'
affiliation: 'Holzer, HJ (Corresponding Author), Georgetown Univ, McCourt Sch Publ
  Policy, Publ Policy, Washington, DC 20057 USA.

  Groshen, Erica L., Cornell Univ, ILR, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.

  Holzer, Harry J., Georgetown Univ, McCourt Sch Publ Policy, Publ Policy, Washington,
  DC 20057 USA.'
author: Groshen, Erica L. and Holzer, Harry J.
author-email: hjh4@georgetown.edu
author_list:
- family: Groshen
  given: Erica L.
- family: Holzer
  given: Harry J.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1177/00027162211022326
eissn: 1552-3349
files: []
issn: 0002-7162
journal: ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
keywords: wages; participation; working class; Great Recession
keywords-plus: EMPLOYMENT
language: English
month: MAY
number: 1, SI
number-of-cited-references: '46'
pages: 49-69
papis_id: 0d94947e0d6c85e126a0ced0690e9827
ref: Groshen2021labormarket
times-cited: '7'
title: 'Labor Market Trends and Outcomes: What Has Changed since the Great Recession?'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000687750000003
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '9'
volume: '695'
web-of-science-categories: Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
year: '2021'