abstract: 'German family policy was dramatically reformed in the 2000s because of

  dual reforms to parental leave and childcare provision. While

  considerable evidence has suggested the reforms affected employment and

  other outcomes, this article asks what the consequences of these reforms

  are for the family, specifically for patterns of work-family

  arrangements. Moreover, it asks how education matters for work-family

  arrangements post-reform. Using German Socio-Economic Panel data, I show

  that college-educated mothers giving birth to their first child after

  the reforms earned roughly half of household income if they benefited

  from expanded local childcare access. By contrast, in areas with lower

  childcare availability, even among the college-educated, mothers''

  earnings resemble pre-reform patterns, where mothers earn between a

  quarter to a third of household income. Therefore, the reforms

  contributed to greater differences in family structures based on the

  education. One interpretation of these findings is that the status

  reproducing nature of the Continental welfare states has recalibrated

  for the modern age, de-gendered for those with the greatest labour

  market returns.'
affiliation: 'Jozwiak, A (Corresponding Author), European Univ Inst, Fiesole, Italy.

  Jozwiak, Andreas, European Univ Inst, Dept Polit \& Social Sci, Fiesole, Italy.

  Jozwiak, Andreas, Grinnell Coll Polit Sci, Grinnell, IA USA.'
author: Jozwiak, Andreas
author-email: jozwiaka@grinnell.edu
author_list:
- family: Jozwiak
  given: Andreas
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1111/spol.12901
earlyaccessdate: MAR 2023
eissn: 1467-9515
files: []
issn: 0144-5596
journal: SOCIAL POLICY \& ADMINISTRATION
keywords: gender inequality; inequality; social class
keywords-plus: 'CHILD-CARE; WOMENS EMPLOYMENT; ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY; PARENTAL LEAVE;

  GENDER-GAP; POLICIES; PATTERNS; LABOR; PAID; MOTHERHOOD'
language: English
month: SEP
number: '5'
number-of-cited-references: '53'
orcid-numbers: Jozwiak, Andreas/0000-0001-6817-9164
pages: 700-726
papis_id: 34c56128708aa454f70cdf7a4aca4285
ref: Jozwiak2023constrainedchoices
times-cited: '0'
title: 'Constrained `choices'': Optional familism and educational divides in work-family
  arrangements'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000944039600001
usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
usage-count-since-2013: '3'
volume: '57'
web-of-science-categories: Development Studies; Public Administration; Social Issues;
  Social Work
year: '2023'