abstract: 'The paper investigates the heterogeneous effect of a policy-induced

  decline in people''s mobility on the Japanese labor market outcome during

  the early COVID-19 period. Regressing individual-level labor market

  outcomes on prefecture-level mobility changes using policy stringency

  index as an instrument, our two-stage least squares estimator presents

  the following findings. First, the number of people absent from work

  increased for all groups of individuals, but the magnitude was greater

  for workers with non-regular employment status, low-educated people,

  females especially with children, and those aged 31 to 45 years. Second,

  while work hours decreased for most groups, the magnitude was especially

  greater for business owners without employees and those aged 31 to 45.

  Third, the negative effect on unemployment was statistically significant

  for older males who worked as regular workers in the previous year. The

  impact was particularly considerable for those aged 60 and 65, thus

  suggesting that they lost their re-employment opportunity due to

  COVID-19. Fourth, all these adverse effects were greater for people

  working in service and sales occupations. Fifth, a counterfactual

  experiment of more stringent policies indicates that while an average

  worker would lose JPY 3857 in weekly earnings by shortening their work

  hours, the weekly loss for those aged 31 to 45 years and working in

  service and sales occupations would be about JPY 13,842.'
affiliation: 'Kasahara, H (Corresponding Author), Univ British Columbia, Vancouver
  Sch Econ, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

  Hoshi, Kisho; Kasahara, Hiroyuki, Univ British Columbia, Vancouver Sch Econ, Vancouver,
  BC, Canada.

  Makioka, Ryo, Hokkaido Univ, Fac Econ \& Business, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

  Suzuki, Michio, Econ \& Social Res Inst, Cabinet Off, Tokyo, Japan.

  Suzuki, Michio, Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

  Tanaka, Satoshi, Univ Queensland, Sch Econ, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.'
article-number: '101170'
author: Hoshi, Kisho and Kasahara, Hiroyuki and Makioka, Ryo and Suzuki, Michio and
  Tanaka, Satoshi
author_list:
- family: Hoshi
  given: Kisho
- family: Kasahara
  given: Hiroyuki
- family: Makioka
  given: Ryo
- family: Suzuki
  given: Michio
- family: Tanaka
  given: Satoshi
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.jjie.2021.101170
earlyaccessdate: NOV 2021
eissn: 1095-8681
files: []
issn: 0889-1583
journal: JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIES
keywords: COVID-19; Inequality; Short-time work; Working from home; Behavior
language: English
month: MAR
number-of-cited-references: '26'
orcid-numbers: 'TANAKA, Satoshi/0000-0002-2263-5029

  Hoshi, Kisho/0000-0002-4134-1229

  Makioka, Ryo/0000-0003-4357-4752

  Suzuki, Michio/0000-0002-0859-1664'
papis_id: 9980e4294db6fe29db583328c4b2c890
ref: Hoshi2022heterogeneouseffects
researcherid-numbers: 'Makioka, Ryo/AFS-8687-2022

  '
times-cited: '6'
title: 'The heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 on labor markets: People''s movement
  and non-pharmaceutical interventions'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000722616200002
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '10'
volume: '63'
web-of-science-categories: Economics; International Relations
year: '2022'