abstract: 'Gosta Esping-Andersen (1990), in his ground-breaking book, Three Worlds

  of Welfare Capitalism, created a decommodification index to classify

  advanced capitalist countries into the liberal,

  conservative-corporatist, and social-democratic welfare regimes. One of

  the most common criticisms of Esping-Andersen''s typology by feminists

  such as Jane Lewis (1992) is that it is `male-centric'' and did not

  address women''s unpaid work with families. Ann Shola Orloff (1993) has

  gone a step further in the criticism of Esping-Andersen''s typology by

  addressing women''s opportunity to paid employment and the capability to

  establish and run an independent households. I originally used the

  framework to analyse the socio-legal dimensions of expenditure in MICs;

  in this paper, the decommodification index has focused on variables that

  are on the fiscal side. Theoretically, this paper contributes to gender

  and social policy discussions on women''s access to employment and

  related entitlements. Empirically, it creates clusters of MICs into

  three based on latent class analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis

  of economic, social, and legal variables, such as availability of

  non-tax benefits to private child-care centres, provision of child-care

  services by the government; tax-deductible payments for child-care;

  provision of legal-aid for family and criminal issues.'
affiliation: 'Nakray, K (Corresponding Author), OP Jindal Global Univ, Jindal Global
  Law Sch, Ncr Delhi 131001, India.

  Nakray, Keerty, OP Jindal Global Univ, Jindal Global Law Sch, Ncr Delhi 131001,
  India.'
author: Nakray, Keerty
author-email: knakray@jgu.edu.in
author_list:
- family: Nakray
  given: Keerty
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1080/09589236.2022.2100750
earlyaccessdate: JUL 2022
eissn: 1465-3869
files: []
issn: 0958-9236
journal: JOURNAL OF GENDER STUDIES
keywords: 'Decommodification; gender; maternity policies; legal aid; welfare;

  social provisions'
keywords-plus: EMPLOYMENT; CITIZENSHIP; INEQUALITY; EQUALITY; POLITICS; IMPACT; STATES
language: English
month: 2022 JUL 28
number-of-cited-references: '77'
orcid-numbers: 'Nakray, Keerty/0000-0002-3835-2218

  Nakray, Keerty/0000-0002-7753-8971'
papis_id: e6f1a3e0724eb72380f09cb75a6548c4
ref: Nakray2022gendersocial
researcherid-numbers: 'Nakray, Keerty/C-3253-2013

  '
times-cited: '0'
title: 'Gender and social policy in middle-income countries: comparative welfare regime
  analysis of fiscal policies'
type: Article; Early Access
unique-id: WOS:000831158000001
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '14'
web-of-science-categories: Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Women's
  Studies
year: '2022'