abstract: 'Weekly working hours and commuting distance can be seen as indicators of

  equality/inequality between spouses. Traditionally, it is women who

  adjust their career more readily to meeting family obligations. In an

  era with a focus on equality between the genders in regard to both

  education and paid work, it is obvious to think of equality regarding

  working hours as well, and of distance to and from work. In this study

  we utilized data from the Norwegian Travel Survey of 2009 to examine the

  results of adjustments made in weekly working hours and commuting

  distance in families in which both husband and wife are in paid work

  These indicate that the family situation is significant, and that, among

  other things, children in a family does not lead to any reduction in

  men''s working hours or commuting distance.

  Living in the periphery of large cities is disadvantageous for women who

  want to work full time, while living within a city tends to be to their

  advantageous in this regard. The results from the analysis of commuting

  distance show that women do not commute as far as men in comparable

  groups (working hours. family type, education, place of living, income,

  access to a car and occupation) and that the policy of regional

  enlargement is far from gender neutral. So long as it is women who

  adjust their labour market participation - both temporal and spatial -

  an enlargement of the regional/geographical labour market resulting

  potentially in longer commuting distances will primarily favour those

  who have the possibility to travel irrespectively of family situation,

  i.e. men, not women. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.'
affiliation: 'Hjorthol, R (Corresponding Author), Inst Transport Econ, Gaustadalleen
  21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.

  Hjorthol, Randi; Vagane, Liva, Inst Transport Econ, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.'
author: Hjorthol, Randi and Vagane, Liva
author-email: 'rh@toi.no

  lva@toi.no'
author_list:
- family: Hjorthol
  given: Randi
- family: Vagane
  given: Liva
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.01.007
eissn: 1873-1236
files: []
issn: 0966-6923
journal: JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY
keywords: Gender; Married couples; Working hours; Commuting; Differences; Norway
keywords-plus: 'GENDER-DIFFERENCES; TRAVEL; LABOR; TIME; WOMEN; ESSENTIALISM;

  EMPLOYMENT; CHOICES; TRENDS; URBAN'
language: English
month: FEB
number-of-cited-references: '61'
pages: 75-83
papis_id: 6e57f3df4ef9aaf987d1df2a316e22d7
ref: Hjorthol2014allocationtasks
times-cited: '37'
title: Allocation of tasks, arrangement of working hours and commuting in different
  Norwegian households
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000347369700008
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '33'
volume: '35'
web-of-science-categories: Economics; Geography; Transportation
year: '2014'