abstract: 'Hundred years from the Bolshevik Revolution that shook the world,

  workers around the globe are facing new challenges. Throughout a long

  stretch of the global South, job creation is sluggish, real wages are

  stagnant, and working conditions are getting harsher and there is a

  growing disjoint between work and wealth. Against this backdrop, in this

  paper we flag the employment challenges facing India at present. Using a

  novel 4-quadrant compartmentalisation, we observe that the three major

  challenges are-absolute lack of employment opportunities; chronic

  unemployment and intermittent employment; and substantial

  underemployment and loss of person days. Two further related challenges

  are low returns from work and skill mismatch. All these markers have

  worsened in the last decade which also witnessed massive job loss for

  casual workers. This is perhaps a natural sequel to the economic boom

  built on mass casualisation of workforce over the previous two decades.

  At first sight of slowdown, the axe has fallen on these casual workers.

  Mismatch between sectoral shares in output and employment also causes

  wage disparity and aggravates inequality. With production increasingly

  set to become machine and AI driven, labour redundancy and skill

  mismatch is expected to worsen in coming years. We must press for a

  separate employment-incomes policy rather than continue with the false

  hope that economic growth will solve the employment conundrum.'
affiliation: 'Majumder, R (Corresponding Author), Univ Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal,
  India.

  Majumder, Rajarshi, Univ Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.'
author: Majumder, Rajarshi
author-email: rmajumder@eco.buruniv.ac.in
author_list:
- family: Majumder
  given: Rajarshi
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1007/s41027-022-00419-0
earlyaccessdate: FEB 2023
eissn: 0019-5308
files: []
issn: 0971-7927
journal: INDIAN JOURNAL OF LABOUR ECONOMICS
keywords: 'Employment; Underemployment; Chronic unemployment; Intermittent

  employment; Irregular employment; Job-loss growth; India'
language: English
month: 2023 FEB 17
number-of-cited-references: '35'
orcid-numbers: ', Rajarshi/0000-0002-4286-083X'
papis_id: 58ea7737eb52d0831bef386eb6e44965
ref: Majumder2023employmentchallenge
times-cited: '0'
title: 'The Employment Challenge in India: Hundred Years from `Ten days that shook
  the World'''
type: Article; Early Access
unique-id: WOS:000937570400001
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '1'
web-of-science-categories: Economics; Industrial Relations \& Labor
year: '2023'