abstract: 'Background Current measures of parent feeding practices are typically

  survey-based and assessed as static/ unchanging characteristics, failing

  to account for fluctuations in these behaviors across time and context.

  The current study uses ecological momentary assessment to examine

  variability of, and predictors of, parent feeding practices within a

  low-income, racially/ethnically diverse, and immigrant sample.

  Methods: Children ages 5-7 years old and their parents (n = 150 dyads)

  from six racial/ethnic groups (n = 25 from each; Black/African American,

  Hispanic, Hmong, Native American, Somali, White) were recruited for this

  mixed-methods study through primary care clinics.

  Results: Among parents who used restriction (49\%) and pressure-to-eat

  (69\%) feeding practices, these feeding practices were utilized about

  every other day. Contextual factors at the meal associated with parent

  feeding practices included: number of people at the meal, who prepared

  the meal, types of food served at meals (e.g., pre-prepared, homemade,

  fast food), meal setting (e.g., kitchen table, front room), and meal

  emotional atmosphere (p < 0.05). Parents tended to restrict desserts,

  dairy, and vegetables and pressure children to eat fruits, vegetables,

  meat proteins, and refined grains (p < 0.05). There were some

  differences by race/ethnicity across findings (p < 0.01), with Hmong

  parents engaging in the highest levels of pressure-to-eat feeding

  practices.

  Conclusions: Parent feeding practices varied across the week, indicating

  feeding practices are more likely to be context-specific, or state-like

  than trait-like. There were some meal characteristics more strongly

  associated with engaging in restriction and pressure-to-eat feeding

  practices. Given that parent feeding practices appear to be state-like,

  future interventions and health care providers who work with parents and

  children may want to address contextual factors associated with parent

  feeding practices to decrease restriction and pressure-to-eat parent

  feeding practices.'
affiliation: 'Berge, JM (Corresponding Author), Dept Family Med \& Community Hlth,
  717 Delaware St SE,Room 425, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA.

  Berge, Jerica M.; Tate, Allan; Trofholz, Amanda; Loth, Katie; Miner, Michael, Univ
  Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Family Med \& Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.

  Crow, Scott, Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.

  Crow, Scott, Emily Program, St Paul, MN USA.

  Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne, Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol \& Community Hlth, Minneapolis,
  MN USA.'
author: Berge, Jerica M. and Tate, Allan and Trofholz, Amanda and Loth, Katie and
  Miner, Michael and Crow, Scott and Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne
author-email: jberge@umn.edu
author_list:
- family: Berge
  given: Jerica M.
- family: Tate
  given: Allan
- family: Trofholz
  given: Amanda
- family: Loth
  given: Katie
- family: Miner
  given: Michael
- family: Crow
  given: Scott
- family: Neumark-Sztainer
  given: Dianne
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.006
eissn: 1095-8304
files: []
issn: 0195-6663
journal: APPETITE
keywords: 'Parent feeding practices; Ecological momentary assessment; Minority;

  Low-income; Immigrants'
keywords-plus: 'UNITED-STATES; FOOD; CHILDREN; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; VALIDATION;

  CHILDHOOD; RESTRICTION; ADOLESCENTS; DISPARITIES'
language: English
month: AUG 1
number-of-cited-references: '33'
orcid-numbers: 'Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne/0000-0001-9435-1669

  Miner, Michael H/0000-0002-8371-5276

  Tate, Allan/0000-0001-6039-2868

  Berge, Jerica/0000-0003-3371-351X

  Loth, Katie/0000-0001-8934-2522'
pages: 110-118
papis_id: 85845965a7237842e8593416c251635f
ref: Berge2018examiningvariability
researcherid-numbers: 'Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne/D-8574-2011

  Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne/JBJ-8026-2023

  '
times-cited: '20'
title: Examining variability in parent feeding practices within a low-income, racially/ethnically
  diverse, and immigrant population using ecological momentary assessment
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000437384300013
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '16'
volume: '127'
web-of-science-categories: Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition \& Dietetics
year: '2018'