abstract: 'Income diversification is an essential livelihood strategy among

  small-scale farmers in low-income countries. Through income

  diversification, farmers can potentially invest off-farm earnings into

  their farm business to enhance productivity and income from farming.

  Conversely, working off-farm can lead to a labour-loss effect which can

  reduce farm performance. This study therefore assesses the effect of

  off-farm work (OFW) on farm income using data from 486 smallholder

  farmers in northern Ghana. An endogenous treatment regression model was

  used to assess the effect of diversifying income sources on farm income.

  The results showed that involvement in OFW enhanced farm income per acre

  by GH c Other factors that enhanced farm income included years of formal

  education and access to extension services and input subsidy. Farmer

  group membership and household size however reduced farm income. The

  farm sector can therefore take advantage of the positive linkage with

  the non-farm sector to improve farm income levels of farmers. In this

  light, government''s rural industrialization policy should seek to

  provide more job opportunities outside the farm sector to enable

  smallholder farmers to take advantage of such opportunities to improve

  income from on-farm activities.'
affiliation: 'Anang, BT (Corresponding Author), Univ Dev Studies, Dept Agr \& Food
  Econ, POB TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana.

  Anang, Benjamin Tetteh; Apedo, Clever Kwasi, Univ Dev Studies, Dept Agr \& Food
  Econ, POB TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana.'
article-number: '2196861'
author: Anang, Benjamin Tetteh and Apedo, Clever Kwasi
author-email: benjamin.anang@uds.edu.gh
author_list:
- family: Anang
  given: Benjamin Tetteh
- family: Apedo
  given: Clever Kwasi
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1080/23322039.2023.2196861
files: []
issn: 2332-2039
journal: COGENT ECONOMICS \& FINANCE
keywords: 'off-farm work; farm income; endogenous treatment regression model;

  northern Ghana'
keywords-plus: 'NONFARM INCOME; PARTICIPATION; DETERMINANTS; DIVERSIFICATION;

  EMPLOYMENT; IMPACT'
language: English
month: DEC 31
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '50'
orcid-numbers: Anang, Benjamin/0000-0003-0093-2660
papis_id: fd2e283de291f1a376b84cc3fd16f06d
ref: Anang2023influenceofffarm
researcherid-numbers: 'Apedo, Clever Kwasi/ISU-4279-2023

  '
times-cited: '0'
title: The influence of off-farm work on farm income among smallholder farm households
  in northern Ghana
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000963198500001
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '2'
volume: '11'
web-of-science-categories: Economics
year: '2023'