abstract: 'Care work is typically undervalued and precarious. However, little is

  currently known about the financial outcomes of immigrant women care

  workers as they reach post-retirement age, or their access to effective

  social policy supports. Using Canada as a case example, this study

  analyzes the Longitudinal Immigration Database to compare the income

  trajectories of women aged 65-95 who entered the country via the Care

  Worker immigration entry class to immigrant women from two other

  immigration streams (one focused on higher skill economic contributions,

  the other on family reunification). Estimating a series of growth curve

  models (n = 28,775), results reveal that between 2007-2017, despite

  engaging in paid employment longer, Care Worker women were less able to

  make contributions to a private pension plan prior to retirement and

  more likely to depend on public pension benefits after reaching

  retirement age, relative to other immigrant women. Additionally, Care

  Worker women had lower predicted total income and experienced downward

  mobility during the post-retirement period. Together, the findings

  reinforce the importance of considering the financial circumstances of

  immigrant care workers as they age and highlight a need for renewed

  government investment in social supports to reduce inequalities tied to

  the gendered and racialized devaluation of low-wage caring occupations.'
affiliation: 'Lightman, N (Corresponding Author), Univ Calgary, Dept Sociol, Calgary,
  AB T2N 1N4, Canada.

  Lightman, Naomi; Akbary, Hamid, Univ Calgary, Dept Sociol, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4,
  Canada.'
author: Lightman, Naomi and Akbary, Hamid
author-email: naomi.lightman@ucalgary.ca
author_list:
- family: Lightman
  given: Naomi
- family: Akbary
  given: Hamid
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1080/08959420.2022.2139984
earlyaccessdate: DEC 2022
eissn: 1545-0821
files: []
issn: 0895-9420
journal: JOURNAL OF AGING \& SOCIAL POLICY
keywords: Care work; aging; immigration; Canada; social policy; social inequality
keywords-plus: INEQUALITY; CAREGIVERS
language: English
month: MAR 4
number: '2'
number-of-cited-references: '27'
orcid-numbers: 'Akbary, Hamid/0000-0002-4932-3965

  Lightman, Naomi/0000-0001-6070-0381'
pages: 261-286
papis_id: 680265282018d660552d731d5e2e1b02
ref: Lightman2023workingmore
times-cited: '0'
title: 'Working More and Making Less: Post-Retirement Aged Immigrant Women Care Workers
  in Canada'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000916808200001
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '1'
volume: '35'
web-of-science-categories: Gerontology
year: '2023'