abstract: 'Background. Tanzania has no formal prehospital system. The Tanzania

  Ministry of Health launched a formal prehospital system to address this

  gap. The Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) was

  tasked by the Ministry of Health to develop and implement a

  multicadre/provider prehospital curriculum so as to produce necessary

  healthcare providers to support the prehospital system. We aim to

  describe the process of designing and implementing the

  multicadre/provider prehospital short courses. The lessons learned can

  help inform similar initiatives in low- and middle-income countries.

  Methods. MUHAS collaborated with local and international Emergency

  Medicine and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) specialists to form the

  Emergency Medical Systems Team (EMST) that developed and implemented

  four short courses on prehospital care. The EMST used a six-step

  approach to develop and implement the curriculum: problem

  identification, general needs assessment, targeted needs assessment,

  goals and objectives, educational strategies, and implementation. The

  EMST modified current best EMS practices, protocols, and curricula to be

  context and resource appropriate in Tanzania. Results. We developed four

  prehospital short courses: Basic Ambulance Provider (BAP), Basic

  Ambulance Attendant (BAAT), Community First Aid (CFA), and EMS

  Dispatcher courses. The curriculum was vetted and approved by MUHAS, and

  courses were launched in November 2018. By the end of July 2019, a total

  of 63 BAPs, 104 BAATs, 25 EMS Dispatchers, and 287 CFAs had graduated

  from the programs. The main lessons learned are the importance of a

  practical approach to EMS development and working with the existing

  government cadre/provider scheme to ensure sustainability of the

  project; clearly defining scope of practice of EMS providers before

  curriculum development; and concurrent development of a

  multicadre/provider curriculum to better address the logistical barriers

  of implementation. Conclusion. We have provided an overview of the

  process of designing and implementing four short courses to train

  multiple cadres/providers of prehospital system providers in Tanzania.

  We believe this model of curricula development and implementation can be

  replicated in other countries across Africa.'
affiliation: 'Sawe, HR (Corresponding Author), Muhimbili Univ Hlth \& Allied Sci,
  Emergency Med Dept, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.

  Sawe, HR (Corresponding Author), Muhimbili Natl Hosp, Emergency Med Dept, Dar Es
  Salaam, Tanzania.

  Sawe, Hendry R.; Mfinanga, Juma A.; Shao, Patrick; Kulola, Irene B.; George, Upendo
  N.; Runyon, Michael S.; Noste, Erin, Muhimbili Univ Hlth \& Allied Sci, Emergency
  Med Dept, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.

  Sawe, Hendry R.; Mfinanga, Juma A.; Kisakeni, Samwel; Shao, Patrick; Kulola, Irene
  B.; George, Upendo N., Muhimbili Natl Hosp, Emergency Med Dept, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.

  Nkondora, Paulina; White, Libby; Bollinger, Christina, Emergency Med Assoc Tanzania,
  Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.

  White, Libby, Alfred Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.

  Runyon, Michael S., Atrium Hlth, Dept Emergency Med, Charlotte, NC USA.

  Noste, Erin, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.'
article-number: '3160562'
author: Sawe, Hendry R. and Mfinanga, Juma A. and Kisakeni, Samwel and Shao, Patrick
  and Nkondora, Paulina and White, Libby and Bollinger, Christina and Kulola, Irene
  B. and George, Upendo N. and Runyon, Michael S. and Noste, Erin
author-email: hendry\_sawe@yahoo.com
author_list:
- family: Sawe
  given: Hendry R.
- family: Mfinanga
  given: Juma A.
- family: Kisakeni
  given: Samwel
- family: Shao
  given: Patrick
- family: Nkondora
  given: Paulina
- family: White
  given: Libby
- family: Bollinger
  given: Christina
- family: Kulola
  given: Irene B.
- family: George
  given: Upendo N.
- family: Runyon
  given: Michael S.
- family: Noste
  given: Erin
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1155/2019/3160562
eissn: 2090-2859
files: []
issn: 2090-2840
journal: EMERGENCY MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL
keywords-plus: EMERGENCY CARE; TRAUMA
language: English
month: DEC 1
number-of-cited-references: '18'
orcid-numbers: 'Runyon, Michael/0000-0002-1703-4317

  Kulola, Irene Bahoya/0000-0002-4024-5550

  sawe, hendry/0000-0002-0395-5385'
papis_id: 7fe6447aaea54f922f2d46c8722de19e
ref: Sawe2019developmentimplement
researcherid-numbers: 'Runyon, Michael/GNP-7320-2022

  Runyon, Michael/AAR-8899-2021

  '
times-cited: '4'
title: 'Development and Implementation of Short Courses to Support the Establishment
  of a Prehospital System in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons Learned from Tanzania'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000503428500003
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '1'
volume: '2019'
web-of-science-categories: Emergency Medicine
year: '2019'