abstract: 'Inequalities along the income distribution, as well as the influence of

  the number of children over men and women''s labour force participation,

  are scarcely explored themes in Brazil. This article investigates the

  influence of children on women''s labour force participation and

  quantifies the gender gap by income classes. Our estimates controls for

  selection biases into the labour force, and takes into account baseline

  differences in human capital and the number of children in the

  household. We conclude that there is a severe motherhood penalty for

  poor women''s participation in the labour market, but maternity is not

  the main factor influencing the gender gap. We also conclude that income

  inequalities favor men in the lowest and middle classes, but not among

  the richest.'
affiliation: 'Muniz, JO (Corresponding Author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Programa Posgrad
  Sociol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

  Muniz, JO (Corresponding Author), Ctr Pesquisas Quantitat Ciencias Sociais CPEQS,
  Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

  Muniz, Jeronimo Oliveira, Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Programa Posgrad Sociol, Belo Horizonte,
  MG, Brazil.

  Muniz, Jeronimo Oliveira, Ctr Pesquisas Quantitat Ciencias Sociais CPEQS, Belo Horizonte,
  MG, Brazil.

  Veneroso, Carmelita Zilah, Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sociol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.'
article-number: UNSP e20180252
author: Muniz, Jeronimo Oliveira and Veneroso, Carmelita Zilah
author-email: 'jeronimo@fafich.ufmg.br

  melveneroso@gmail.com'
author_list:
- family: Muniz
  given: Jeronimo Oliveira
- family: Veneroso
  given: Carmelita Zilah
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1590/001152582019169
eissn: 1678-4588
files: []
issn: 0011-5258
journal: DADOS-REVISTA DE CIENCIAS SOCIAIS
keywords: income inequalities; motherhood penalty; quantile regressions
keywords-plus: 'QUANTILE REGRESSION; FEMALE EMPLOYMENT; SEX SEGREGATION; WOMENS

  EMPLOYMENT; FERTILITY; EARNINGS; HETEROGENEITY; EDUCATION; IMPACT; TIME'
language: Portuguese
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '88'
orcid-numbers: Muniz, Jeronimo O/0000-0002-5697-9516
papis_id: c989ada70493d2f2265a4d5e2959df53
ref: Muniz2019differenceslabour
researcherid-numbers: Muniz, Jeronimo O/F-7025-2012
times-cited: '2'
title: 'Differences in Labour Force Participation and Wage Gaps by Gender and Income
  Classes: an Investigation of the Motherhood Penalty in Brazil Inequalities'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000476470600001
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '9'
volume: '62'
web-of-science-categories: Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
year: '2019'