abstract: 'Background: A critical shortage of health workers with needed maternal

  and newborn competencies remains a major challenge for the provision of

  quality care for mothers and newborns, particularly in low- and

  middle-income countries. Supply-side challenges related to human

  resources for health (HRH) worsen shortages and can negatively affect

  health worker performance and quality of care. This review scoped

  country-focused sources to identify and map evidence on HRH-related

  challenges to quality facility-based newborn care provision by nurses

  and midwives.

  Methods: Evidence for this review was collected iteratively, beginning

  with pertinent World Health Organization documents and extending to

  articles identified via database and manual reference searches and

  country reports. Evidence from country-focused sources from 2000 onward

  was extracted using a data extraction tool that was designed

  iteratively; thematic analysis was used to map the 10 categories of HRH

  challenges.

  Findings: A total of 332 peer-reviewed articles were screened, of which

  22 met inclusion criteria. Fourteen additional sources were added from

  manual reference search and gray literature sources. Evidence has been

  mapped into 10 categories of HRH-related challenges: (1) lack of health

  worker data and monitoring; (2) poor health worker preservice education;

  (3) lack of HW access to evidence-based practice guidelines, continuing

  education, and continuing professional development; (4) insufficient and

  inequitable distribution of health workers and heavy workload; (5) poor

  retention, absenteeism, and rotation of experienced staff; (6) poor work

  environment, including low salary; (7) limited and poor supervision; (8)

  low morale, motivation, and attitude, and job dissatisfaction; (9)

  weaknesses of policy, regulations, management, leadership, governance,

  and funding; and (10) structural and contextual barriers.

  Conclusion: The mapping provides needed insight that informed new World

  Health Organization strategies and supporting efforts to address the

  challenges identified and strengthen human resources for neonatal care,

  with the ultimate goal of improving newborn care and outcomes.'
affiliation: 'Bolan, N (Corresponding Author), Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Off Global
  Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.

  Bolan, Nancy, Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Off Global Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.

  Cowgill, Karen D., Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.

  Walker, Karen, George Inst Global Hlth, Newtown, Tas, Australia.

  Kak, Lily, US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA.

  Shaver, Theresa, Social Solut Int Inc, Washington, DC USA.

  Moxon, Sarah, London Sch Hyg \& Trop Med, London, England.

  Lincetto, Ornella, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.'
author: Bolan, Nancy and Cowgill, Karen D. and Walker, Karen and Kak, Lily and Shaver,
  Theresa and Moxon, Sarah and Lincetto, Ornella
author-email: nbolan@umaryland.edu
author_list:
- family: Bolan
  given: Nancy
- family: Cowgill
  given: Karen D.
- family: Walker
  given: Karen
- family: Kak
  given: Lily
- family: Shaver
  given: Theresa
- family: Moxon
  given: Sarah
- family: Lincetto
  given: Ornella
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00362
files: []
issn: 2169-575X
journal: GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
keywords-plus: 'NEONATAL CARE; PROFESSIONAL-DEVELOPMENT; MULTICOUNTRY ANALYSIS; SYSTEM

  BOTTLENECKS; INPATIENT CARE; EVERY NEWBORN; SICK NEWBORNS; CHILD HEALTH;

  SCALING-UP; OF-CARE'
language: English
month: APR
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '90'
orcid-numbers: Bolan, Nancy/0000-0002-4650-1834
pages: 160-176
papis_id: ac51dbac5c51a312a57ecd7b82b90936
ref: Bolan2021humanresources
researcherid-numbers: Bolan, Nancy/AAE-3699-2022
tags:
- review
times-cited: '16'
title: 'Human Resources for Health-Related Challenges to Ensuring Quality Newborn
  Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review'
type: Review
unique-id: WOS:000636989800013
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '9'
volume: '9'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
year: '2021'