abstract: 'Background: Gender issues remain a neglected area in most approaches to

  health workforce policy, planning and research. There is an accumulating

  body of evidence on gender differences in health workers'' employment

  patterns and pay, but inequalities in access to non-pecuniary benefits

  between men and women have received little attention. This study

  investigates empirically whether gender differences can be observed in

  health workers'' access to non-pecuniary benefits across six low-and

  middle-income countries.

  Methods: The analysis draws on cross-nationally comparable data from

  health facility surveys conducted in Chad, Cote d''Ivoire, Jamaica,

  Mozambique, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. Probit regression models are used to

  investigate whether female and male physicians, nurses and midwives

  enjoy the same access to housing allowance, paid vacations, in-service

  training and other benefits, controlling for other individual and

  facility-level characteristics.

  Results: While the analysis did not uncover any consistent pattern of

  gender imbalance in access to non-monetary benefits, some important

  differences were revealed. Notably, female nursing and midwifery

  personnel (the majority of the sample) are found significantly less

  likely than their male counterparts to have accessed in-service

  training, identified not only as an incentive to attract and retain

  workers but also essential for strengthening workforce quality.

  Conclusion: This study sought to mainstream gender considerations by

  exploring and documenting sex differences in selected employment

  indicators across health labour markets. Strengthening the global

  evidence base about the extent to which gender is independently

  associated with health workforce performance requires improved

  generation and dissemination of sex-disaggregated data and research with

  particular attention to gender dimensions.'
affiliation: 'Gupta, N (Corresponding Author), WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

  Gupta, Neeru, WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

  Alfano, Marco, Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.'
article-number: '25'
author: Gupta, Neeru and Alfano, Marco
author-email: neeru.gupta@gnb.ca
author_list:
- family: Gupta
  given: Neeru
- family: Alfano
  given: Marco
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1186/1478-4491-9-25
files: []
issn: 1478-4491
journal: HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH
language: English
month: OCT 19
number-of-cited-references: '18'
orcid-numbers: 'Alfano, Marco/0000-0001-5491-2054

  Gupta, Neeru/0000-0002-3806-4435'
papis_id: a6ea9cf4da4d455759e20898667854c4
ref: Gupta2011accessnonpecuniary
times-cited: '12'
title: 'Access to non-pecuniary benefits: does gender matter? Evidence from six low-
  and middle-income countries'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000296977500001
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '7'
volume: '9'
web-of-science-categories: Health Policy \& Services; Industrial Relations \& Labor
year: '2011'