abstract: 'Background: Early child nutritional deficiencies are prevalent in low-

  and middle-countries with consequences linked not only to poor survival

  and growth, but also to poor development outcomes. Children in

  disadvantaged communities face multiple risks for nutritional

  deficiencies, yet some children may be less susceptible or may recover

  more quickly from malnutrition. A greater understanding is needed about

  factors which moderate the effects of nutrition-related risks and foster

  resilience to protect against or ameliorate poor development outcomes.

  Methods: A literature review was undertaken from August to December 2011

  and updated in August 2012. Key word searches using terms Nutrition,

  Malnutrition, Child Development, Responsive Care, Stimulation, Low and

  Middle Income Countries and Resilience were undertaken using PubMed and

  Psychinfo. Results: Dietary adequacy is critical for growth and

  development, but current evidence indicates that nutrition

  supplementation alone is insufficient to foster resilience to protect

  against, mitigate, and recover from nutritional threats and to promote

  healthy development. The combination of nutrition interventions with

  stimulation and responsive care is necessary. Combined nutrition and

  psychosocial stimulation approaches can potentially work effectively

  together to promote protective factors and mitigate risks for poor

  cognitive, motor, social, and affective functioning helping children to

  adapt in times of adversity. However, there are gaps in our existing

  knowledge to combine nutrition and psychosocial stimulation

  interventions effectively and promote these interventions at scale.

  Conclusions: Research needs to address barriers at the level of family,

  community, programme, and policy which have prevented thus far the

  uptake of combined nutrition and psychosocial intervention strategies.

  Further investigations are needed on how to provide support to

  caregivers, enabling them to implement appropriate care for feeding and

  stimulation. Finally, the effect of combined interventions on pathways

  of care and protective mediators that foster resilience need to be

  better understood to determine focus areas for content of combined

  intervention curricula which help families in high-risk settings.'
affiliation: 'Yousafzai, AK (Corresponding Author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat \&
  Child Hlth, Div Women \& Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.

  Yousafzai, Aisha K.; Rasheed, Muneera A.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Aga Khan Univ, Dept
  Paediat \& Child Hlth, Div Women \& Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.'
author: Yousafzai, Aisha K. and Rasheed, Muneera A. and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
author-email: aisha.yousafzai@aku.edu
author_list:
- family: Yousafzai
  given: Aisha K.
- family: Rasheed
  given: Muneera A.
- family: Bhutta
  given: Zulfiqar A.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12019
eissn: 1469-7610
files: []
issn: 0021-9630
journal: JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
keywords: 'Maternal and child nutrition deficiencies; responsive feeding;

  psychosocial stimulation; resilience; low- and middle-income countries'
keywords-plus: 'LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; PSYCHOSOCIAL STIMULATION;

  DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION;

  COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; FEEDING INTERVENTION; MATERNAL DEPRESSION;

  YOUNG-CHILDREN; MENTAL-HEALTH'
language: English
month: APR
number: 4, SI
number-of-cited-references: '70'
pages: 367-377
papis_id: 949bddebb10d17da941095a002737f3d
ref: Yousafzai2013annualresearch
tags:
- review
times-cited: '30'
title: 'Annual Research Review: Improved nutrition - a pathway to resilience'
type: Review
unique-id: WOS:000316622300004
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '53'
volume: '54'
web-of-science-categories: Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
year: '2013'