abstract: 'Background: Human resources are at the heart of health systems, playing

  a central role in their functionality globally. It is estimated that up

  to 70\% of the health workforce are women, however, this pattern is not

  reflected in the leadership of health systems where women are

  under-represented. Methods: This systematized review explored the

  existing literature around women''s progress towards leadership in the

  health sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) which has used

  intersectional analysis. Results: While there are studies that have

  looked at the inequities and barriers women face in progressing towards

  leadership positions in health systems within LMICs, none explicitly

  used an intersectionality framework in their approach. These studies did

  nevertheless show recurring barriers to health systems leadership

  created at the intersection of gender and social identities such as

  professional cadre, race/ethnicity, financial status, and culture. These

  barriers limit women''s access to resources that improve career

  development, including mentorship and sponsorship opportunities, reduce

  value, recognition and respect at work for women, and increase the

  likelihood of women to take on dual burdens of professional work and

  childcare and domestic work, and, create biased views about

  effectiveness of men and women''s leadership styles. An intersectional

  lens helps to better understand how gender intersects with other social

  identities which results in upholding these persisting barriers to

  career progression and leadership. Conclusion: As efforts to reduce

  gender inequity in health systems are gaining momentum, it is important

  to look beyond gender and take into account other intersecting social

  identities that create unique positionalities of privilege and/or

  disadvantage. This approach should be adopted across a diverse range of

  health systems programs and policies in an effort to strengthen gender

  equity in health and specifically human resources for health (HRH), and

  improve health system governance, functioning and outcomes. Keywords:

  Gender, Intersectionality, Health Systems, Health Workforce, Leadership,

  Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) Copyright: (c) 2021 The

  Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is

  an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative

  Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/

  by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction

  in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation:

  Zeinali Z, Muraya K, Molyneux S, Morgan R. The use of intersectional

  analysis in assessing women''s leadership progress in the health

  workforce in LMICs: a review. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2021;x(x):x-x.

  doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2021.06'
affiliation: 'Zeinali, Z (Corresponding Author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ
  Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.

  Zeinali, Zahra; Morgan, Rosemary, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int
  Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.

  Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Progr, Nairobi, Kenya.

  Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England.'
author: Zeinali, Zahra and Muraya, Kui and Molyneux, Sassy and Morgan, Rosemary
author-email: zzeinal1@alumni.jh.edu
author_list:
- family: Zeinali
  given: Zahra
- family: Muraya
  given: Kui
- family: Molyneux
  given: Sassy
- family: Morgan
  given: Rosemary
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.06
earlyaccessdate: FEB 2021
eissn: 2322-5939
files: []
journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT
keywords: 'system governance; functioning Gender; Intersectionality; Health

  Systems; Health Workforce; Leadership; Low-and Middle-Income Countries

  (LMICs)'
keywords-plus: GENDER BIAS; EXPERIENCES; CARE; MANAGERS
language: English
month: 2021 FEB 9
number-of-cited-references: '58'
orcid-numbers: 'Molyneux, Catherine/0000-0001-9522-416X

  Morgan, Rosemary/0000-0001-5009-8470

  Zeinali, Zahra/0000-0002-1136-215X'
papis_id: 5e894993c10791028cd41d57e37af3eb
ref: Zeinali2021useintersectional
researcherid-numbers: 'Molyneux, Catherine/HGB-8464-2022

  '
tags:
- relevant
- review
times-cited: '6'
title: 'The Use of Intersectional Analysis in Assessing Women''s Leadership Progress
  in the Health Workforce in LMICs: A Review'
type: Review; Early Access
unique-id: WOS:000720063200001
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '7'
web-of-science-categories: Health Care Sciences \& Services; Health Policy \& Services
year: '2021'