abstract: 'Inequality in transport provision is an area of growing concern among

  transport professionals, as it results in low-income individuals

  travelling at lower speeds while covering smaller distances.

  Accessibility, the ease of reaching destinations, may hold the key in

  correcting these inequalities through providing a means to evaluate land

  use and transport interventions. This article examines the relationship

  between accessibility and commute duration for low-income individuals

  compared to the higher-income, in three major Canadian metropolitan

  regions, Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver using separate multilevel

  mixed effects statistical models for car and public transport commuters.

  Accessibility measures are generated for jobs and workers both at the

  origin (home) and the destination (place of work) to account for the

  impact of competing labor and firms. Our models show that the impacts of

  accessibility on commute duration are present and in many cases stronger

  for low-income individuals than for higher income groups. The results

  suggest that low-income individuals have more to gain (in terms of

  reduced commute time) from increased accessibility to low-income jobs at

  the origin and to workers at the destination. Similarly, they also have

  more to lose from increased accessibility to low-income workers at the

  origin and to low-income jobs at the destination, which are proxies for

  increased competition. Policies targeting improvements in accessibility

  to jobs, especially low-income ones, by car and public transport while

  managing the presence of competition can serve to bridge the inequality

  gap that exists in commuting behavior.'
affiliation: 'El-Geneidy, A (Corresponding Author), McGill Univ, Sch Urban Planning,
  Suite 400,815 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada.

  Cui, Boer, McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Room 492,817 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal,
  PQ H3A 0C3, Canada.

  Boisjoly, Genevieve, Ecole Polytech Montreal, Dept Genies Civil Geol \& Mines, CP
  6079,Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada.

  El-Geneidy, Ahmed, McGill Univ, Sch Urban Planning, Suite 400,815 Sherbrooke St
  W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada.

  Levinson, David, Univ Sydney, Sch Civil Engn, Room 418,Bldg J05,225 Shepherd St,
  Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia.'
author: Cui, Boer and Boisjoly, Genevieve and El-Geneidy, Ahmed and Levinson, David
author-email: 'boer.cui@mail.mcgill.ca

  genevieve.boisjoly@polymtl.ca

  ahmed.elgeneidy@mcgill.ca

  david.levinson@sydney.edu.au'
author_list:
- family: Cui
  given: Boer
- family: Boisjoly
  given: Genevieve
- family: El-Geneidy
  given: Ahmed
- family: Levinson
  given: David
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.12.003
eissn: 1873-1236
files: []
issn: 0966-6923
journal: JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY
keywords: Accessibility; Equity Journey to work; Commute duration
keywords-plus: SOCIAL EQUITY; EMPLOYMENT; JUSTICE; BENEFITS; TRANSIT
language: English
month: JAN
number-of-cited-references: '40'
orcid-numbers: 'El-Geneidy, Ahmed/0000-0002-0942-4016

  Levinson, David Matthew/0000-0002-4563-2963

  Cui, Boer/0000-0002-5726-6139

  Boisjoly, Genevieve/0000-0001-5375-7750'
pages: 269-277
papis_id: f1f8df78f7557f9e03fa65e7da586095
ref: Cui2019accessibilityjourney
researcherid-numbers: 'El-Geneidy, Ahmed/N-3904-2013

  Levinson, David Matthew/A-8554-2012

  '
times-cited: '37'
title: Accessibility and the journey to work through the lens of equity
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000459519800024
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '41'
volume: '74'
web-of-science-categories: Economics; Geography; Transportation
year: '2019'