abstract: 'Objective: The objective of the article is to assess financial situation

  and debt repayments in households of self-employed individuals and

  compare them to these of other types of households. The article aims to

  identify the determinants of over-indebtedness.

  Research Design \& Methods: The study focuses on households of

  self-employed. The results are based on a nationwide CATI survey

  conducted among 1107 Polish indebted households. Theoretical models of

  the income distribution (log-logistic, Burr III) and the

  power-exponential model were used to achieve the research goals.

  Findings: The economic status of indebted households differentiates

  income and debt repayments distributions. Self-employed households have

  a better financial situation and greater inequalities than households of

  the paid employees and individuals sustaining themselves from other

  sources of income. The debt repayments of entrepreneurs are higher than

  in households of paid employees but lower than in other groups of

  households. The determinants of over-indebtedness are essentially

  similar regardless of the work status, but the impact of income, number

  of loans, and debt type on over-indebtedness is greater for

  self-employed households.

  Implications \& Recommendations: The results on the debt repayments

  distribution and determinants of over-indebtedness may be helpful in

  creating regulations that preventing household bankruptcies and policies

  aimed at combating social exclusion.

  Contribution \& Value Added: Introducing the issue of self-employment

  into the discussion on income and debt distribution and identifying the

  over-indebtedness among households of self-employed. To assess the debt

  repayments, we adopt theoretical income distributions and unique source

  of data on Polish households in debt.'
affiliation: 'Walega, A (Corresponding Author), Cracow Univ Econ, Dept Stat, Ul Rakowicka
  27, PL-31510 Krakow, Poland.

  Walega, G (Corresponding Author), Cracow Univ Econ, Dept Microecon, Ul Rakowicka
  27, PL-31510 Krakow, Poland.

  Walega, Agnieszka, Cracow Univ Econ, Dept Stat, Coll Econ Finance \& Law, Krakow,
  Poland.

  Walega, Grzegorz, Cracow Univ Econ, Dept Microecon, Coll Econ Finance \& Law, Krakow,
  Poland.'
author: Walega, Agnieszka and Walega, Grzegorz
author-email: 'agnieskza.walega@uek.krakow.pl

  grzegorz.walega@uek.krakow.pl'
author_list:
- family: Walega
  given: Agnieszka
- family: Walega
  given: Grzegorz
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2021.090404
eissn: 2353-8821
files: []
issn: 2353-883X
journal: ENTREPRENEURIAL BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS REVIEW
keywords: 'self-employed; household; over-indebtedness; income distribution; debt

  repayments'
keywords-plus: ENTREPRENEURSHIP; INEQUALITY; CREDIT; WOMEN
language: English
month: DEC
number: '4'
number-of-cited-references: '67'
orcid-numbers: 'Wałęga, Grzegorz/0000-0002-4355-5204

  Walega, Agnieszka/0000-0002-6386-0433'
pages: 51-65
papis_id: 525179a7f8eb1890652f9f2fff09c588
ref: Walega2021selfemploymentoverin
researcherid-numbers: 'Wałęga, Grzegorz/T-9206-2019

  '
times-cited: '0'
title: 'Self-employment and over-indebtedness in Poland: Modelling income and debt
  repayments distribution'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000720992300003
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '8'
volume: '9'
web-of-science-categories: Economics
year: '2021'