abstract: 'Increased demand for long-term care (LTC) services alongside precarious

  working conditions has resulted in labour shortages in the LTC sector,

  which has led to an increasing share of workers of migrant origin

  filling these jobs. Previous research on migrant care workers has also

  highlighted the seeming gap in working conditions relative to native

  workers. However, lack of disaggregated data on migrant and native care

  workers, alongside single-case studies, may have concealed potential

  disadvantages faced by certain groups and insufficiently accounted for

  differences in migration regimes and organisation of LTC sectors. To

  address these gaps, we carried out a comparative study on various

  working conditions of migrant and native LTC workers in Austria and

  Sweden. Using the international Nordcare survey on care sector working

  conditions, carried out in Austria in 2017 (n = 792) and in Sweden in

  2015 (n = 708), we employed t-tests and multivariate logistic

  regressions to compare the working conditions of migrant and native

  carers in home and residential care in each country. We found that worse

  working conditions in Sweden compared to Austria may be explained by

  differences in training requirements of the LTC workforce and the

  relatively large for-profit private sector. Country of origin also plays

  a paramount role in the differences in working conditions experienced by

  migrants compared to native care workers, with non-European migrants

  being more likely to face a number of precarious working conditions. Our

  findings highlight the need to continue addressing precarious working

  conditions across the sector, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic

  where poor working conditions have been linked to increased

  COVID-related deaths in nursing homes. Our findings also emphasise the

  importance of policies that consider the various challenges experienced

  by different migrant groups in the LTC sector, who may particularly be

  at risk of presenteeism during the COVID-19 pandemic.'
affiliation: 'Rodrigues, R (Corresponding Author), European Ctr Social Welf Policy
  \& Res, Vienna, Austria.

  Simmons, Cassandra; Rodrigues, Ricardo, European Ctr Social Welf Policy \& Res,
  Vienna, Austria.

  Szebehely, Marta, Stockholm Univ, Dept Social Work, Stockholm, Sweden.'
author: Simmons, Cassandra and Rodrigues, Ricardo and Szebehely, Marta
author-email: rodrigues@euro.centre.org
author_list:
- family: Simmons
  given: Cassandra
- family: Rodrigues
  given: Ricardo
- family: Szebehely
  given: Marta
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1111/hsc.13657
earlyaccessdate: NOV 2021
eissn: 1365-2524
files: []
issn: 0966-0410
journal: HEALTH \& SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY
keywords: 'care of elderly people; long-term care; long-term care workers;

  migrants; working conditions'
keywords-plus: HOME-CARE; QUALITY; STAFF; JOB; ELDERCARE; TURNOVER; NURSES
language: English
month: SEP
number: '5'
number-of-cited-references: '57'
orcid-numbers: 'Rodrigues, Ricardo/0000-0001-8438-4184

  Simmons, Cassandra/0000-0002-3053-4244'
pages: E2191-E2202
papis_id: 12ed3c8591fb2ce8fc7cfc89fe81c4e9
ref: Simmons2022workingconditions
researcherid-numbers: 'Rodrigues, Ricardo/AAD-1109-2020

  '
times-cited: '10'
title: 'Working conditions in the long-term care sector: A comparative study of migrant
  and native workers in Austria and Sweden'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000722445200001
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '11'
volume: '30'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Social Work
year: '2022'