abstract: 'The aim of this paper is to examine differences in life expectancy (LE)

  between self-employed (SE) and paid employee (PE) workers when they

  become retirement pensioners, looking at levels of pension income using

  administrative data from Spanish social security records. We draw on the

  Continuous Sample of Working Lives (CSWL) to quantify changes in total

  life expectancy at age 65 (LE65) among retired men over the longest

  possible period covered by this data source: 2005-2018. These changes

  are broken down by pension regime and initial pension income level for

  three periods. The literature presents mixed evidence, even for the same

  country-for Japan and Italy, for example-with some studies pointing to

  higher life expectancy for SE than for PE retirement pensioners while

  others argue the opposite. In Spain, LE65 is slightly higher for the SE

  than for PE workers when retirement pensioners. For 2005-2010, a gap in

  life expectancy of 0.23 years between SE and PE retirement pensioners is

  observed. This widens to 0.55 years for 2014-2018. A similar trend can

  be seen if pension income groups are considered. For 2005-2010, the gap

  in LE65 between pensioners in the lowest and highest income groups is

  1.20 years. This widens over time and reaches 1.51 years for 2014-2018.

  Although these differences are relatively small, they are statistically

  significant. According to our research, the implications for policy on

  social security are evident: differences in life expectancy by

  socioeconomic status and pension regime should be taken into account for

  a variety of issues involving social security schemes. These include

  establishing the age of eligibility for retirement pensions and early

  access to benefits, computing the annuity factors used to determine

  initial retirement benefits and valuing the liabilities taken on for

  retirement pensioners.'
affiliation: 'Gonzalez, JMPS (Corresponding Author), Univ Valencia, Dept Financial
  Econ \& Actuarial Sci, Ave Naranjos S-N, Valencia 46022, Spain.

  Gonzalez, JMPS (Corresponding Author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Complutense
  Anal Econ, Madrid, Spain.

  Gonzalez, JMPS (Corresponding Author), UNSW, Ctr Excellence Populat Ageing Res CEPAR,
  Sydney, NSW, Australia.

  Perez-Salamero Gonzalez, Juan Manuel; Vidal-Melia, Carlos, Univ Valencia, Dept Financial
  Econ \& Actuarial Sci, Ave Naranjos S-N, Valencia 46022, Spain.

  Regulez-Castillo, Marta, Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Dept Quantitat Methods, Avda
  Lehendakari Aguirre 84, Bilbao 48015, Spain.

  Perez-Salamero Gonzalez, Juan Manuel, Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Complutense
  Anal Econ, Madrid, Spain.

  Perez-Salamero Gonzalez, Juan Manuel, UNSW, Ctr Excellence Populat Ageing Res CEPAR,
  Sydney, NSW, Australia.'
author: Perez-Salamero Gonzalez, Juan Manuel and Regulez-Castillo, Marta and Vidal-Melia,
  Carlos
author-email: 'juan.perez-salamero@uv.es

  marta.regulez@ehu.eus

  carlos.vidal@uv.es'
author_list:
- family: Perez-Salamero Gonzalez
  given: Juan Manuel
- family: Regulez-Castillo
  given: Marta
- family: Vidal-Melia
  given: Carlos
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1007/s10680-021-09585-1
earlyaccessdate: MAY 2021
eissn: 1572-9885
files: []
issn: 0168-6577
journal: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE
keywords: 'Continuous sample of working lives; Life expectancy; Paid employees;

  Retirement; Self-employed; Spain'
keywords-plus: 'FOLLOW-UP; SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENCES; R PACKAGE; OLD-AGE; MORTALITY;

  INEQUALITIES; HEALTH; INCOME; DETERMINANTS; ASSOCIATION'
language: English
month: JUL
number: '3'
number-of-cited-references: '47'
orcid-numbers: 'VIDAL-MELIA, CARLOS/0000-0002-7227-5076

  Pérez-Salamero González, Juan Manuel/0000-0001-7710-4869

  REGULEZ CASTILLO, MARTA/0000-0002-4694-5144'
pages: 697-725
papis_id: 68ab5b26fdc5d1d0aab2242ff320757b
ref: Perezsalamerogonzalez2021differenceslife
researcherid-numbers: 'VIDAL-MELIA, CARLOS/AAH-9010-2020

  Pérez-Salamero González, Juan Manuel/H-8873-2015

  '
times-cited: '2'
title: 'Differences in Life Expectancy Between Self-Employed Workers and Paid Employees
  when Retirement Pensioners: Evidence from Spanish Social Security Records'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000648846500001
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '11'
volume: '37'
web-of-science-categories: Demography
year: '2021'