abstract: 'Background: Unemployment, underemployment, and the quality of work are

  national occupational health risk factors that drive critical national

  problems; however, to date, there have been no systematic efforts to

  document the public health impact of this situation. Methods: An

  environmental scan was conducted to explore the root causes and health

  impacts of underemployment and unemployment and highlight multilevel

  perspectives and factors in the landscape of underemployment and

  unemployment. Methods: included a review of gray literature and research

  literature, followed by key informant interviews with nine

  organizational representatives in employment research and policy,

  workforce development, and industry to assess perceived needs and gaps

  in practice. Results: Evidence highlights the complex nature of

  underemployment and unemployment, with multiple macro-level underlying

  drivers, including the changing nature of work, a dynamic labor market,

  inadequate enforcement of labor protection standards, declining unions,

  wage depression, and weak political will interacting with multiple

  social determinants of health. Empirical literature on unemployment and

  physical, mental, and psychological well-being, substance abuse,

  depression in young adults, and suicides is quite extensive; however,

  there are limited data on the impacts of underemployment on worker

  health and well-being. Additionally, organizations do not routinely

  consider health outcomes as they relate to their work in workforce or

  policy development. Discussion and Conclusions: Several gaps in data and

  research will need to be addressed in order to assess the full magnitude

  of the public health burden of underemployment and unemployment. Public

  health needs to champion a research and practice agenda in partnership

  with multisector stakeholders to illuminate the role of employment

  quality and status in closing the gap on health inequities, and to

  integrate workforce health and well-being into labor and economic

  development agendas across government agencies and industry.'
affiliation: 'Pratap, P (Corresponding Author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago,
  IL 60612 USA.

  Pratap, Preethi; Love, Marsha; Zanoni, Joe; Donato, Caitlin, Univ Illinois, Sch
  Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.

  Dickson, Alison, Univ Illinois, Champaign Sch Labor \& Employment Relat, Chicago,
  IL 60607 USA.

  Flynn, Michael A.; Schulte, Paul A., Natl Inst Occupat Safety \& Hlth, Cincinnati,
  OH 45226 USA.'
article-number: '10021'
author: Pratap, Preethi and Dickson, Alison and Love, Marsha and Zanoni, Joe and Donato,
  Caitlin and Flynn, Michael A. and Schulte, Paul A.
author-email: 'plakshmi@uic.edu

  aquesada@illinois.edu

  lovem@uic.edu

  jzanoni@uic.edu

  cdonato@uic.edu

  dse4@cdc.gov

  pas4@cdc.gov'
author_list:
- family: Pratap
  given: Preethi
- family: Dickson
  given: Alison
- family: Love
  given: Marsha
- family: Zanoni
  given: Joe
- family: Donato
  given: Caitlin
- family: Flynn
  given: Michael A.
- family: Schulte
  given: Paul A.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910021
eissn: 1660-4601
files: []
journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
keywords: 'underemployment; unemployment; health impacts; public health; decent

  work; United States'
keywords-plus: 'LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT; OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH; MORTALITY; CONSEQUENCES;

  WORK; EMPLOYMENT; MISMATCH; JOB; DISADVANTAGE; INDIVIDUALS'
language: English
month: OCT
number: '19'
number-of-cited-references: '133'
orcid-numbers: Flynn, Michael A/0000-0001-5338-5360
papis_id: ffbc9e7daccbfa72c173835dfa4ec66b
ref: Pratap2021publichealth
researcherid-numbers: Flynn, Michael A/S-4556-2017
times-cited: '14'
title: 'Public Health Impacts of Underemployment and Unemployment in the United States:
  Exploring Perceptions, Gaps and Opportunities'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000762573300001
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '15'
volume: '18'
web-of-science-categories: Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental \& Occupational
  Health
year: '2021'