abstract: 'Background Returning to work is one of the main barriers to

  breastfeeding duration among working mothers in the United States.

  However, the impact of workplace lactation programs is unclear. Research

  Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace

  lactation programs in the United States on breastfeeding practices.

  Methods A systematic search was conducted of seven databases through

  September 2017. Articles (N = 10) meeting the inclusion criteria of

  describing a workplace lactation intervention and evaluation in the

  United States and measuring initiation, exclusivity, or duration using

  an experimental or observational study design were critically evaluated.

  Two reviewers conducted quality assessments and reviewed the full-text

  articles during the analysis. Results Common services provided were

  breast pumps, social support, lactation rooms, and breastfeeding

  classes. Breastfeeding initiation was very high, ranging from 87\% to

  98\%. Several factors were significantly associated with duration of

  exclusive breastfeeding: (a) receiving a breast pump for one year (8.3

  versus 4.7 months), (b) return-to-work consultations (40\% versus 17\%

  at 6 months), and (c) telephone support (42\% versus 15\% at 6 months).

  Each additional service (except prenatal education) dose-dependently

  increased exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months. Sociodemographic

  information including older maternal age, working part-time, longer

  maternity leave, and white ethnicity were associated with longer

  breastfeeding duration. Conclusion Workplace lactation interventions

  increased breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusive

  breastfeeding, with greater changes observed with more available

  services. More evidence is needed on the impact of workplace support in

  low-income populations, and the cost-effectiveness of these programs in

  reducing health care costs.'
affiliation: 'Kim, JH (Corresponding Author), Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, 905 S Goodwin
  Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.

  Kim, Julia H., Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, 905 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801
  USA.

  Shin, Jong C., Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol \& Community Hlth, Urbana, IL USA.

  Donovan, Sharon M., Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci \& Human Nutr, Urbana, IL USA.'
author: Kim, Julia H. and Shin, Jong C. and Donovan, Sharon M.
author-email: haijikim@gmail.com
author_list:
- family: Kim
  given: Julia H.
- family: Shin
  given: Jong C.
- family: Donovan
  given: Sharon M.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1177/0890334418765464
eissn: 1552-5732
files: []
issn: 0890-3344
journal: JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION
keywords: 'breastfeeding duration; breastfeeding initiation; breastfeeding support;

  lactation workplace programs; program evaluation'
keywords-plus: WORKING MOTHERS; BARRIERS; PROGRAMS; PASSAGE
language: English
month: FEB
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '33'
orcid-numbers: 'Shin, Jong Cheol/0000-0003-0360-2309

  Donovan, Sharon/0000-0002-9785-4189'
pages: 100-113
papis_id: aa14a6630170efcc1957d171deb20f6e
ref: Kim2019effectivenessworkpla
researcherid-numbers: 'Donovan, Sharon/AAY-6787-2020

  '
tags:
- review
times-cited: '34'
title: 'Effectiveness of Workplace Lactation Interventions on Breastfeeding Outcomes
  in the United States: An Updated Systematic Review'
type: Review
unique-id: WOS:000456476900013
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '22'
volume: '35'
web-of-science-categories: Nursing; Obstetrics \& Gynecology; Pediatrics
year: '2019'