abstract: 'We use a difference-in-differences model with individual fixed effects

  to evaluate a 1999 Spanish law granting employment protection to workers

  with children younger than 6 who had asked for a shorter workweek due to

  family responsibilities. Our analysis shows that well-intended policies

  can potentially backfire and aggravate labor market inequalities between

  men and women, since there is a very gendered take-up, with only women

  typically requesting part-time work. After the law was enacted,

  employers were 49\% less likely to hire women of childbearing age, 40\%

  more likely to separate from them, and 37\% less likely to promote them

  to permanent contracts, increasing female non-employment by 4\% to 8\%

  relative to men of similar age. The results are similar using older

  women unaffected by the law as a comparison group. Moreover, the law

  penalized all women of childbearing age, even those who did not have

  children. These effects were largest in low-skill jobs, at firms with

  less than 10 employees, and in industries with few part-time workers.

  These findings are robust to several sensitivity analyses and placebo

  tests.

  (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.'
affiliation: 'Rodriguez-Planas, N (Corresponding Author), CUNY Queens Coll, 300A Powdermaker
  Hall,65-30 Kissena Blvd, Queens, NY 11367 USA.

  Fernandez-Kranz, Daniel, IE Business Sch, Madrid, Spain.

  Rodriguez-Planas, Nuria, CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA.'
article-number: '104407'
author: Fernandez-Kranz, Daniel and Rodriguez-Planas, Nuria
author-email: nrodriguezplanas@gmail.com
author_list:
- family: Fernandez-Kranz
  given: Daniel
- family: Rodriguez-Planas
  given: Nuria
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104407
earlyaccessdate: APR 2021
files: []
issn: 0047-2727
journal: JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS
keywords: 'Female employment transitions and wages; Compositional bias; Fixed-term

  and permanent contract; employment'
keywords-plus: MATERNITY LEAVE; UNITED-STATES; EARNINGS; IMPACT
language: English
month: MAY
number-of-cited-references: '27'
orcid-numbers: Rodriguez-Planas, Nuria/0000-0003-3824-7001
papis_id: fdad90e9f907483b13ed0210880e3c94
ref: Fernandezkranz2021toofamily
researcherid-numbers: 'Rodriguez-Planaz, Nuria/AAF-6282-2021

  '
times-cited: '4'
title: Too family friendly? The consequences of parent part-time working rights
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000644939300003
usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
usage-count-since-2013: '18'
volume: '197'
web-of-science-categories: Economics
year: '2021'