abstract: 'Changes in women''s relative wages and employment are analyzed, using

  social security data from Slovenia (1987-1992) and a retrospective labor

  force survey in Estonia (1989-1994). Estonia adopted liberal labor

  market policies. Slovenia took an interventionist approach.

  Nevertheless, relative wages for women rose in both countries. Factors

  favoring women included: returns to human capital rose in transition,

  benefiting women; relative labor demand shifted toward predominantly

  female sectors; low-wage women had a disproportionate incentive to exit

  the labor market, especially in Estonia. However, women were less mobile

  across jobs in both countries, so men disproportionately filled new jobs

  in expanding sectors. JEL classification: J21, J31.'
affiliation: 'Orazem, PF (Corresponding Author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames,
  IA 50011 USA.

  Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA.

  GEA Coll Entrepreneurship, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

  World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA.'
author: Orazem, PF and Vodopivec, M
author_list:
- family: Orazem
  given: PF
- family: Vodopivec
  given: M
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1007/s001480050139
files: []
issn: 0933-1433
journal: JOURNAL OF POPULATION ECONOMICS
keywords: employment; earnings; transition; labor policy; gender
keywords-plus: WAGE INEQUALITY; GENDER; RETURNS; GAP
language: English
month: MAY
number: '2'
number-of-cited-references: '12'
orcid-numbers: Orazem, Peter/0000-0003-2092-5089
pages: 283-303
papis_id: d29270152990b318fe7ef0f22b2643b5
ref: Orazem2000malefemaledifference
researcherid-numbers: Orazem, Peter/D-6525-2016
times-cited: '34'
title: 'Male-female differences in labor market outcomes during the early transition
  to market: The cases of Estonia and Slovenia'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000088388400009
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '4'
volume: '13'
web-of-science-categories: Demography; Economics
year: '2000'