abstract: 'Despite recent progress, women are still disadvantaged by their greater

  domestic labor commitments and impaired access to well-paid jobs; and,

  in extreme cases, denied the right to live. This has consequences for

  the well-being of individuals and economic development. Although tools

  to evaluate country performance in gender equality, especially composite

  indicators, have been developed since the 1990s, a historical

  perspective is lacking. This study introduces a composite index of

  gender equality covering 129 countries from 1950 to 2003. This index

  measures gender equality in four dimensions (socioeconomic, health,

  household, and politics). The index shows substantial progress in gender

  equality, though there is little evidence that less gender-equal

  countries are catching up. Goldin''s ``quiet revolution{''''} hypothesis is

  tested as an explanation for this observation, but fails to provide a

  good explanation. Rather, the long-term institutional and historical

  characteristics of countries are the main obstacles to convergence.'
affiliation: 'Dilli, S (Corresponding Author), Univ Utrecht, Econ \& Social Hist,
  Drift 6, NL-3512 BS Utrecht, Netherlands.

  Dilli, Selin; Carmichael, Sarah G.; Rijpma, Auke, Univ Utrecht, Econ \& Social Hist,
  Drift 6, NL-3512 BS Utrecht, Netherlands.'
author: Dilli, Selin and Carmichael, Sarah G. and Rijpma, Auke
author-email: 's.dilli@uu.nl

  S.G.Carmichael@uu.nl

  a.rijpma@uu.nl'
author_list:
- family: Dilli
  given: Selin
- family: Carmichael
  given: Sarah G.
- family: Rijpma
  given: Auke
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1442582
eissn: 1466-4372
files: []
issn: 1354-5701
journal: FEMINIST ECONOMICS
keywords: 'Agency; capability approach; economic history; history; gender

  inequality; nonmonetary indicators'
keywords-plus: 'LABOR-FORCE PARTICIPATION; WOMEN LIVE LONGER; MISSING WOMEN; EDUCATION;

  INEQUALITY; MORTALITY; MARRIAGE; EMPLOYMENT; POLITICS; FAMILY'
language: English
month: JAN 2
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '86'
pages: 31-57
papis_id: 12429737543a4a278a561e7d1cc77e4e
ref: Dilli2019introducinghistorica
times-cited: '27'
title: Introducing the Historical Gender Equality Index
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000454949600002
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '28'
volume: '25'
web-of-science-categories: Economics; Women's Studies
year: '2019'