abstract: 'Objective: This study examines the long-term effects of evidence-based

  supported employment services on three vocational outcomes: tabor force

  participation, earnings, and attainment of Social Security

  Administration (SSA) non beneficiary status through suspension or

  termination of disability cash payments due to work (NSTW).

  Method: Data from 449 individuals with psychiatric disabilities who

  participated in a multisite controlled trial of supported employment

  were matched to SSA data over a 13-year period (2000-2012) following

  supported employment services. Long-term outcomes were analyzed using

  random effects regression models comparing participants in the

  experimental and control conditions on measures of employment, earnings,

  and attainment of NSTW. The authors adjusted for time, age,

  race/ethnicity, gender, education, schizophrenia diagnosis, substance

  abuse history, and geographic region.

  Results: Overall outcomes were modest across the 13-year follow-up, with

  32.9\% of participants having any earned income and 13.1\% ever

  attaining NSTW. Supported employment recipients were almost three times

  as likely as control subjects to be employed over 13 years (odds

  ratio=2.89). Although earnings were low, supported employment

  participants had significantly higher earnings per month than control

  subjects over time (parameter estimate=\$23.82) and were more likely

  than control subjects to attain NSTW (odds ratio=12.99). The supported

  employment effect diminished and was completely attenuated over time.

  Conclusions: The study''s findings indicate a small but significant

  vocational advantage accruing to recipients of evidence-based supported

  employment in the decade following service delivery, adding to the

  evidence on the durability of supported employment effects. Results can

  inform policies designed to help workers enhance economic security and

  reduce dependence on Social Security disability benefits.'
affiliation: 'Cook, JA (Corresponding Author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago,
  IL 60612 USA.

  Cook, Judith A., Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.

  Social Secur Adm, Off Res Demonstrat \& Employment Support, Washington, DC USA.'
author: Cook, Judith A. and Burke-Miller, Jane K. and Roessel, Emily
author-email: cook@ripco.com
author_list:
- family: Cook
  given: Judith A.
- family: Burke-Miller
  given: Jane K.
- family: Roessel
  given: Emily
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15101359
eissn: 1535-7228
files: []
issn: 0002-953X
journal: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
keywords-plus: 'SEVERE MENTAL-ILLNESS; OCCUPATIONAL ENGAGEMENT; SOCIAL-SECURITY;

  FOLLOW-UP; PEOPLE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; WORK; UPDATE; DEPRESSION; BARRIERS'
language: English
month: OCT
number: '10'
number-of-cited-references: '37'
orcid-numbers: Burke-Miller, Jane/0000-0002-5480-9433
pages: 1007-1014
papis_id: 2f9677827202fbe00e08f3dfe488213e
ref: Cook2016longtermeffects
researcherid-numbers: 'Burke-Miller, Jane/V-5904-2019

  '
times-cited: '22'
title: Long-Term Effects of Evidence-Based Supported Employment on Earnings and on
  SSI and SSDI Participation Among Individuals With Psychiatric Disabilities
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000384158400012
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '14'
volume: '173'
web-of-science-categories: Psychiatry
year: '2016'