abstract: 'This study uses information about the legal status upon arrival to study

  long-term labor market effects of residency status. I find that

  immigrants who arrived with a job commitment in Germany gain a long-term

  income advantage of 18.6\% compared with other migration groups. The

  results underline the importance of initial conditions at arrival for

  the labor market integration of immigrants. In fact, the residency

  status at arrival affects employment status and labor market income

  after decades, while selective out-migration and observable selection

  are taken into account. Further examinations demonstrate that the

  effects are driven by occupational choice and education. In particular,

  immigrants with middle or high education and immigrants employed in

  white-collar or public service jobs benefit from a job commitment at

  arrival. The income penalty of asylum seekers is found in each education

  group.'
affiliation: 'Schuss, E (Corresponding Author), Inst Employment Res IAB, Regensburger
  Str 104, D-90478 Nurnberg, Germany.

  Schuss, E (Corresponding Author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Fac Business Adm \& Econ,
  Chair Publ Econ, Essen, Germany.

  Schuss, Eric, Inst Employment Res IAB, Regensburger Str 104, D-90478 Nurnberg, Germany.

  Schuss, Eric, Univ Duisburg Essen, Fac Business Adm \& Econ, Chair Publ Econ, Essen,
  Germany.'
author: Schuss, Eric
author-email: Eric.Schuss@iab.de
author_list:
- family: Schuss
  given: Eric
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1007/s12134-019-00682-z
eissn: 1874-6365
files: []
issn: 1488-3473
journal: JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION
keywords: 'Residency status; Initial conditions of immigrants; Migration policy;

  Selection'
keywords-plus: 'LEGAL STATUS; LANGUAGE-SKILLS; SELF-SELECTION; EARNINGS; IMPACT;

  MIGRATION; PROFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; WORKERS; WAGES'
language: English
month: DEC
number: '4'
number-of-cited-references: '52'
pages: 993-1026
papis_id: 25919cfc85caefed3e32abf3fe9d7e54
ref: Schuss2020substantiallabor
times-cited: '1'
title: Substantial Labor Market Effects of the Residency Status How Important are
  Initial Conditions at Arrival for Immigrants?
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000580753100001
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '9'
volume: '21'
web-of-science-categories: Demography
year: '2020'