abstract: 'We use the 2012 Programme for the International Assessment of Adult

  Competencies to examine the relationship between information-processing

  skills, educational attainment, and labour market outcomes among

  Indigenous peoples in Canada. Relative to the non-Indigenous sample, we

  find negative earnings differentials, higher unemployment, and lower

  employment and labour market participation among Indigenous peoples, as

  well as important differences between First Nations, Metis, and Inuit

  workers. First Nations peoples show larger gaps in terms of earnings and

  employment outcomes. Moreover, Metis peoples show worse employment

  outcomes and negative earnings differentials in the upper part of the

  distribution. First Nations peoples also show sizable gaps in literacy,

  numeracy, and technology skill relative to the non-Indigenous sample.

  Not surprisingly, there is a positive relationship between

  information-processing skills and wages. However, the returns to skills

  are very similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. That is, we

  find no evidence of economic discrimination. Once these skills are

  conditioned on, the earnings differentials decline. We also find that

  education can reduce skill and wage gaps, although the additional impact

  is small. The results imply the need to consider barriers to education

  faced by Indigenous peoples.'
affiliation: 'Hu, M (Corresponding Author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Econ, Halifax, NS,
  Canada.

  Hu, Min; Warman, Casey, Dalhousie Univ, Dept Econ, Halifax, NS, Canada.

  Daley, Angela, Univ Maine, Sch Econ, Orono, ME USA.

  Warman, Casey, NBER, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.'
author: Hu, Min and Daley, Angela and Warman, Casey
author_list:
- family: Hu
  given: Min
- family: Daley
  given: Angela
- family: Warman
  given: Casey
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.3138/cpp.2017-068
files: []
issn: 0317-0861
journal: CANADIAN PUBLIC POLICY-ANALYSE DE POLITIQUES
keywords: 'Indigenous; Aboriginal; First Nations; Metis; Inuit; literacy; numeracy;

  technology skill; information-processing skills; cognitive skills;

  labour market; earnings; employment; unemployment; labour market

  participation; economic discrimination; decomposition; Programme for the

  International Assessment of Adult Competencies'
keywords-plus: 'EARNINGS; EMPLOYMENT; INCOME; DIFFERENTIALS; ASSIMILATION; EDUCATION;

  POLICY; SIZE'
language: English
month: MAR
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '49'
pages: 48-73
papis_id: e2ebad04ab9669449c1cd6d3e82ed01c
ref: Hu2019literacynumeracytech
times-cited: '11'
title: Literacy, Numeracy,Technology Skill, and Labour Market Outcomes among Indigenous
  Peoples in Canada
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000464770900004
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '12'
volume: '45'
web-of-science-categories: Economics; Public Administration
year: '2019'