abstract: 'ObjectivesWorkers from different genders and age groups may encounter

  unequal opportunities and/or structural barriers that grant them access

  to, or limit, the acquisition of human capital and the ability to apply

  it, which are likely to affect labour outcomes such as job entry,

  mobility, hours of work, and wages and salaries. The objective was to

  assess whether labour outcomes of young women differ from those of the

  rest of the workforce, if at all, due to gender, age, or the interaction

  of both classifications.

  MethodsThe study was based on survey data self-reported by licensed

  pharmacists. A 2x3 (genderxage-group) factorial design was used to

  assess differences in seven labour outcomes.

  Key findingsWages and salaries were greater for men than for women, and

  the disparity was observed in all age groups. Gender differences in

  average workweek and part-time employment were heavily mediated by age.

  Age also mediated gender differences in annual household income. While

  the age-group classification was statistically significant for all

  labour outcomes, the gender classification lacked significance for

  household income, distance to work and one-way commute time. Wages and

  salaries, the wage rate, distance to work and one-way commute time

  failed to show a significant interaction effect.

  ConclusionsPharmacists of different genders and age groups vary widely

  in terms of labour outcomes.'
affiliation: 'Carvajal, MJ (Corresponding Author), Nova SE Univ, Dept Sociobehav \&
  Adm Pharm, Coll Pharm, 3200 South Univ Dr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.

  Carvajal, Manuel J.; Popovici, Ioana, Nova SE Univ, Dept Sociobehav \& Adm Pharm,
  Coll Pharm, 3200 South Univ Dr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.'
author: Carvajal, Manuel J. and Popovici, Ioana
author-email: cmanuel@nova.edu
author_list:
- family: Carvajal
  given: Manuel J.
- family: Popovici
  given: Ioana
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1111/jphs.12118
eissn: 1759-8893
files: []
issn: 1759-8885
journal: JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
keywords: 'age-group disparities; gender disparities; labour outcomes; pharmacist

  workforce'
keywords-plus: 'GENERATIONAL-DIFFERENCES; FORCE PARTICIPATION; CAREER PATTERNS;

  UNITED-STATES; PATH MODEL; PART-TIME; WORK; LIFE; TRENDS; RATES'
language: English
month: MAR
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '64'
pages: 23-29
papis_id: cd52baf90a7a19d39410405905ddb45b
ref: Carvajal2016interactiongender
times-cited: '7'
title: Interaction of gender and age in pharmacists' labour outcomes
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000371679000004
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '7'
volume: '7'
web-of-science-categories: Health Care Sciences \& Services
year: '2016'