abstract: 'Background: Few studies have investigated how area-level deprivation

  influences the relationship between individual disadvantage and suicide

  mortality. The aim of this study was to examine individual measures of

  material and social disadvantage in relation to suicide mortality in

  Canada and to determine whether these relationships were modified by

  area deprivation.

  Methods: Using the 1991-2001 Canadian Census Mortality Follow-up Study

  cohort (N = 2,685,400), measures of individual social (civil status,

  family structure, living alone) and material (education, income,

  employment) disadvantage were entered into Cox proportional hazard

  models to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95\% confidence intervals

  (CI) for male and female suicide mortality. Two indices of area

  deprivation were computed one capturing social, and the other material,

  dimensions - and models were run separately for high versus low

  deprivation.

  Results: After accounting for individual and area characteristics,

  individual social and material disadvantage were associated with higher

  suicide mortality, especially for individuals not employed, not married,

  with low education and low income. Associations between social and

  material area deprivation and suicide mortality largely disappeared upon

  adjustment for individual-level disadvantage. In stratified analyses,

  suicide risk was greater for low income females in socially deprived

  areas and males living alone in materially deprived areas, and there was

  no evidence of other modifying effects of area deprivation.

  Conclusions: Individual disadvantage was associated with suicide

  mortality, particularly for males. With some exceptions, there was

  little evidence that area deprivation modified the influence of

  individual disadvantage on suicide risk. Prevention strategies should

  primarily focus on individuals who are unemployed or out of the labour

  force, and have low education or income. Individuals with low income or

  who are living alone in deprived areas should also be targeted.'
affiliation: 'Burrows, S (Corresponding Author), Ctr Hosp Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech,
  1301 Rue Sherbrooke Est Montreal, Quebec City, PQ H2L 1M3, Canada.

  Burrows, Stephanie; Auger, Nathalie, Ctr Hosp Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech, Quebec City,
  PQ H2L 1M3, Canada.

  Burrows, Stephanie; Auger, Nathalie; Gamache, Philippe; St-Laurent, Danielle; Hamel,
  Denis, Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Montreal, PQ, Canada.

  Burrows, Stephanie, Univ Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.

  Auger, Nathalie, Univ Montreal, Dept Med Sociale \& Prevent, Montreal, PQ, Canada.'
article-number: '577'
author: Burrows, Stephanie and Auger, Nathalie and Gamache, Philippe and St-Laurent,
  Danielle and Hamel, Denis
author-email: burrows.stephanie@sympatico.ca
author_list:
- family: Burrows
  given: Stephanie
- family: Auger
  given: Nathalie
- family: Gamache
  given: Philippe
- family: St-Laurent
  given: Danielle
- family: Hamel
  given: Denis
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-577
files: []
issn: 1471-2458
journal: BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
keywords-plus: 'FOLLOW-UP; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MARITAL-STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; INJURY

  MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; TIME-SCALE; ILLNESS; DENMARK; WALES'
language: English
month: JUL 19
number-of-cited-references: '45'
orcid-numbers: Auger, Nathalie/0000-0002-2412-0459
papis_id: 908f29324fd00d011fd513a355293099
ref: Burrows2011influencesocial
researcherid-numbers: Auger, Nathalie/E-3736-2016
times-cited: '40'
title: 'Influence of social and material individual and area deprivation on suicide
  mortality among 2.7 million Canadians: A prospective study'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000293757500001
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '6'
volume: '11'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
year: '2011'