abstract: 'Ecuador became the third largest receiver of the 4.3 million Venezuelans

  who left their country in the last five years, hosting around 10 per

  cent of them. Little is known about the characteristics of these

  migrants and their labor market outcomes. This article fills this gap by

  analyzing a new large survey (EPEC). On average, Venezuelan workers are

  highly skilled and have high rates of employment, compared with

  Ecuadorans. However, their employment is of much lower quality,

  characterized by low wages, and high rates of informality and

  temporality. Venezuelans have experienced significant occupational

  downgrading, relative to their employment prior to emigration. As a

  result, despite their high educational attainment, Venezuelans primarily

  compete for jobs with the least skilled and more economically vulnerable

  Ecuadoran workers. Our simulations suggest that measures that allow

  Venezuelans to obtain employment that matches their skills, such as

  facilitating the conversion of education credentials, would increase

  Ecuador''s GDP between 1.6 and 1.9 per cent and alleviate the pressure on

  disadvantaged native workers. We also show that providing work permits

  to Venezuelan workers would substantially reduce their rates of

  informality and increase their average earnings.'
affiliation: 'Ortega, F (Corresponding Author), World Bank Grp, New York, NY 10017
  USA.

  Ortega, F (Corresponding Author), CUNY Queens Coll, New York, NY 11367 USA.

  Ortega, F (Corresponding Author), World Bank, Poverty \& Equ Global Practice, 1818
  H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA.

  Olivieri, Sergio; Ortega, Francesc; Rivadeneira, Ana; Carranza, Eliana, World Bank
  Grp, New York, NY 10017 USA.

  Olivieri, Sergio; Ortega, Francesc; Rivadeneira, Ana; Carranza, Eliana, CUNY Queens
  Coll, New York, NY 11367 USA.

  Olivieri, Sergio; Ortega, Francesc; Rivadeneira, Ana; Carranza, Eliana, World Bank,
  Poverty \& Equ Global Practice, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA.'
author: Olivieri, Sergio and Ortega, Francesc and Rivadeneira, Ana and Carranza, Eliana
author-email: francesc.ortega@qc.cuny.edu
author_list:
- family: Olivieri
  given: Sergio
- family: Ortega
  given: Francesc
- family: Rivadeneira
  given: Ana
- family: Carranza
  given: Eliana
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1093/migration/mnab037
earlyaccessdate: SEP 2021
eissn: 2049-5846
files: []
issn: 2049-5838
journal: MIGRATION STUDIES
keywords: economics; forced migration; sociology
keywords-plus: QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE; SYRIAN REFUGEES; IMMIGRATION POLICIES
language: English
month: MAY 8
number: '4'
number-of-cited-references: '34'
orcid-numbers: ortega, francesc/0000-0001-5779-5711
pages: 1590-1625
papis_id: b76e35d837a846dfef783edb86bed4a6
ref: Olivieri2021shoringeconomic
times-cited: '4'
title: 'Shoring up economic refugees: Venezuelan migrants in the Ecuadoran labor market'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000792224600001
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '4'
volume: '9'
web-of-science-categories: Demography
year: '2021'