abstract: 'Persistent gender gaps characterise labour markets in many African

  countries. Utilising Eswatini''s first three labour market surveys

  (conducted in 2007, 2010, and 2013), this paper provides first

  systematic evidence on the country''s gender gaps in employment and

  earnings. We find that women have notably lower employment rates and

  earnings than men, even though the global financial crisis had a less

  negative impact on women than it had on men. Both unadjusted and

  unexplained gender earnings gaps are higher in self-employment than in

  wage employment. Tertiary education and urban location account for a

  large part of the gender earnings gap and mitigate high female

  propensity to self-employment. Our findings suggest that policies

  supporting female higher education and rural-urban mobility could reduce

  persistent inequalities in Eswatini''s labour market outcomes as well as

  in other middle-income countries in southern Africa.'
affiliation: 'Schwidrowski, ZB (Corresponding Author), Masaryk Univ, Dept Social Policy
  \& Work, Brno, Czech Republic.

  Schwidrowski, ZB (Corresponding Author), Prague Univ Econ \& Business, Dept Monetary
  Theory \& Policy, Prague, Czech Republic.

  Schwidrowski, Zuzana Brixiova, Masaryk Univ, Dept Social Policy \& Work, Brno, Czech
  Republic.

  Schwidrowski, Zuzana Brixiova, Prague Univ Econ \& Business, Dept Monetary Theory
  \& Policy, Prague, Czech Republic.

  Imai, Susumu, Hokkaido Univ, Dept Econ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

  Kangoye, Thierry, African Dev Bank, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire.

  Yameogo, Nadege Desiree, World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA.'
author: Schwidrowski, Zuzana Brixiova and Imai, Susumu and Kangoye, Thierry and Yameogo,
  Nadege Desiree
author-email: zuzana.brixiova@vse.cz
author_list:
- family: Schwidrowski
  given: Zuzana Brixiova
- family: Imai
  given: Susumu
- family: Kangoye
  given: Thierry
- family: Yameogo
  given: Nadege Desiree
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1080/0376835X.2021.1913996
earlyaccessdate: APR 2021
eissn: 1470-3637
files: []
issn: 0376-835X
journal: DEVELOPMENT SOUTHERN AFRICA
keywords: Gender; employment; income; multivariate analysis; policies
language: English
month: JUL 4
number: '4'
number-of-cited-references: '37'
pages: 643-663
papis_id: ac814c0abc04aa3bb40fc79d02bcec57
ref: Schwidrowski2021assessinggender
researcherid-numbers: Brixiova, Zuzana/AAZ-4816-2021
times-cited: '6'
title: 'Assessing gender gaps in employment and earnings in Africa: The case of Eswatini'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000641538300001
usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
usage-count-since-2013: '8'
volume: '38'
web-of-science-categories: Development Studies; Regional \& Urban Planning
year: '2021'