abstract: 'Purpose of Review To explore transition to employment and social

  enterprise (SE) models for people labeled with intellectual and

  developmental disabilities (IDD), assess the benefits and drawbacks of

  SEs, and discuss the potential implications for realizing the United

  Nations Convention on the Rights for Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD)

  in international contexts.

  Recent Findings Although the UNCRPD promotes employment as a human

  right, people labeled with IDD continue to experience barriers to labor

  market participation. Sheltered workshops and supported employment are

  common paths to employment. SEs are alternatives that are driven by a

  mission or cause that benefits the community.

  Summary SEs can address issues of unemployment and social exclusion of

  people with IDD. Drawbacks include limited transition to paid positions,

  lack of public awareness of their purpose, and unclear implementation

  guidelines. SEs can help in contexts where disability services are less

  developed, provide opportunities to challenge negative perceptions of

  disability, and promote inclusion and access to employment for people

  labeled with IDD.'
affiliation: 'Babikian, VA (Corresponding Author), Univ Toronto, Rehabil Sci Inst,
  500 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G1V7, Canada.

  Babikian, VA (Corresponding Author), Azrieli Adult Neurodev Ctr, Ctr Addict \& Mental
  Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.

  Babikian, VA (Corresponding Author), Therapists Armenia, Great Neck 11023, NY USA.

  Babikian, V. Armineh; Hamdani, Yani, Univ Toronto, Rehabil Sci Inst, 500 Univ Ave,
  Toronto, ON M5G1V7, Canada.

  Babikian, V. Armineh; Hamdani, Yani, Azrieli Adult Neurodev Ctr, Ctr Addict \& Mental
  Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.

  Babikian, V. Armineh, Therapists Armenia, Great Neck 11023, NY USA.

  Hamdani, Yani, Univ Toronto, Dept Occupat Sci \& Occupat Therapy, Toronto, ON, Canada.'
author: Babikian, V. Armineh and Hamdani, Yani
author-email: 'armineh.babikian@mail.utoronto.ca

  y.hamdani@utoronto.ca'
author_list:
- family: Babikian
  given: V. Armineh
- family: Hamdani
  given: Yani
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1007/s40474-023-00267-7
earlyaccessdate: FEB 2023
eissn: 2196-2987
files: []
journal: CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS
keywords: 'Intellectual and developmental disabilities; Social enterprises;

  Inclusion; Employment; International development; Disability rights'
keywords-plus: OUTCOMES; WORK
language: English
month: MAR
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '32'
orcid-numbers: Hamdani, Yani/0000-0002-0340-8672
pages: 40-46
papis_id: 7b62a3f23fb22cf4b7ac07aa9d8af4ff
ref: Babikian2023socialenterprises
times-cited: '0'
title: Social Enterprises and Transition to Employment for People Labeled with Intellectual
  and Developmental Disabilities
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000928926900001
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '4'
volume: '10'
web-of-science-categories: Psychology, Developmental; Neurosciences; Rehabilitation
year: '2023'