abstract: 'Consistent with Pope Francis''s efforts to eradicate social exclusion,

  most countries in the world have already adopted care leave policies in

  an effort to reduce the conflict between being an employee and being a

  caregiver. Care leave policies allow workers time off for family or for

  self-care. Historically, care leave policies such as maternity leave are

  viewed as an employee benefit akin to short-term disability leave,

  providing job-protected time off for new mothers. This study reviews the

  literature of the short- and long-run economic and societal effects of

  care leave policies globally, with a specific focus on care leave

  policies in the United States. Care leave produces positive labor market

  and health outcomes, including increases in leave taking, improvement in

  replacement wages, improvements to profitability and employee morale,

  increases in female workforce participation and continuity, increases in

  birth weight, and decreases in infant mortality. Despite positive

  effects, labor market inequalities such as decreases in female labor

  market participation rates, gender wage gaps, and occupational

  segregation are often promoted by care leave policies. The conflicted

  findings in care leave research muddle the anticipated effects of paid

  care leave but allow room for alternative policy recommendations.'
affiliation: 'Freiberg, T (Corresponding Author), New Sch, Milano Sch Policy Management
  \& Environm, New York, NY 10011 USA.

  Freiberg, T (Corresponding Author), St Johns Univ, Peter J Tobin Sch Business, Econ,
  Jamaica, NY 11439 USA.

  Freiberg, Tracey, New Sch, Milano Sch Policy Management \& Environm, New York, NY
  10011 USA.

  Freiberg, Tracey, St Johns Univ, Peter J Tobin Sch Business, Econ, Jamaica, NY 11439
  USA.'
author: Freiberg, Tracey
author_list:
- family: Freiberg
  given: Tracey
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1111/ajes.12293
eissn: 1536-7150
files: []
issn: 0002-9246
journal: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY
keywords-plus: PARENTAL LEAVE; PAID; CALIFORNIA; IMPACT; GENDER; WORK
language: English
month: SEP
number: '4'
number-of-cited-references: '57'
orcid-numbers: Freiberg, Tracey/0000-0002-4353-7348
pages: 1009-1037
papis_id: 5a7a22afa92d0d269dcb4fbc4cc14e0a
ref: Freiberg2019effectscare
times-cited: '4'
title: 'Effects of Care Leave and Family Social Policy: Spotlight on the United States'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000510702000008
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '11'
volume: '78'
web-of-science-categories: Economics; Sociology
year: '2019'