abstract: 'Background Persistent income inequality, the increase in precarious

  employment, the inadequacy of many welfare systems, and economic impact

  of the COVID-19 pandemic have increased interest in Basic Income (BI)

  interventions. Ensuring that social interventions, such as BI, are

  evaluated appropriately is key to ensuring their overall effectiveness.

  This systematic review therefore aims to report on available methods and

  domains of assessment, which have been used to evaluate BI

  interventions. These findings will assist in informing future program

  and research development and implementation. Methods Studies were

  identified through systematic searches of the indexed and grey

  literature (Databases included: Scopus, Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Web of

  Science, ProQuest databases, EBSCOhost Research Databases, and

  PsycINFO), hand-searching reference lists of included studies, and

  recommendations from experts. Citations were independently reviewed by

  two study team members. We included studies that reported on methods

  used to evaluate the impact of BI, incorporated primary data from an

  observational or experimental study, or were a protocol for a future BI

  study. We extracted information on the BI intervention, context and

  evaluation method. Results 86 eligible articles reported on 10 distinct

  BI interventions from the last six decades. Workforce participation was

  the most common outcome of interest among BI evaluations in the

  1960-1980 era. During the 2000s, studies of BI expanded to include

  outcomes related to health, educational attainment, housing and other

  key facets of life impacted by individuals'' income. Many BI

  interventions were tested in randomized controlled trials with data

  collected through surveys at multiple time points. Conclusions Over the

  last two decades, the assessment of the impact of BI interventions has

  evolved to include a wide array of outcomes. This shift in evaluation

  outcomes reflects the current hypothesis that investing in BI can result

  in lower spending on health and social care. Methods of evaluation

  ranged but emphasized the use of randomization, surveys, and existing

  data sources (i.e., administrative data). Our findings can inform future

  BI intervention studies and interventions by providing an overview of

  how previous BI interventions have been evaluated and commenting on the

  effectiveness of these methods. Registration This systematic review was

  registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42016051218).'
affiliation: 'Pinto, AD (Corresponding Author), Unity Hlth Toronto, Li Ka Shing Knowledge
  Inst, MAP Ctr Urban Hlth Solut, Toronto, ON, Canada.

  Pinto, AD (Corresponding Author), St Michaels Hosp, Dept Family \& Community Med,
  Toronto, ON, Canada.

  Pinto, Andrew D.; Perri, Melissa; Pedersen, Cheryl L.; Aratangy, Tatiana; Hapsari,
  Ayu Pinky; Hwang, Stephen W., Unity Hlth Toronto, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, MAP
  Ctr Urban Hlth Solut, Toronto, ON, Canada.

  Pinto, Andrew D., St Michaels Hosp, Dept Family \& Community Med, Toronto, ON, Canada.

  Pinto, Andrew D., Univ Toronto, Dept Family \& Community Med, Fac Med, Toronto,
  ON, Canada.

  Pinto, Andrew D.; Perri, Melissa; Hwang, Stephen W., Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch
  Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.

  Hwang, Stephen W., Univ Toronto, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada.'
article-number: '142'
author: Pinto, Andrew D. and Perri, Melissa and Pedersen, Cheryl L. and Aratangy,
  Tatiana and Hapsari, Ayu Pinky and Hwang, Stephen W.
author-email: andrew.pinto@utoronto.ca
author_list:
- family: Pinto
  given: Andrew D.
- family: Perri
  given: Melissa
- family: Pedersen
  given: Cheryl L.
- family: Aratangy
  given: Tatiana
- family: Hapsari
  given: Ayu Pinky
- family: Hwang
  given: Stephen W.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1186/s12939-021-01479-2
eissn: 1475-9276
files: []
journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH
keywords: 'Basic income; Income inequality; Social determinants of health;

  Methodology; Health; Equity'
keywords-plus: 'LABOR-SUPPLY RESPONSE; GRADUATED WORK INCENTIVES; GUARANTEED ANNUAL

  INCOME; EXPERIMENTAL PANEL-DATA; TAX PROGRAMS; MAINTENANCE EXPERIMENTS;

  MARITAL DISSOLUTION; SOCIAL DETERMINANTS; SCHOOL PERFORMANCE; CASH

  TRANSFERS'
language: English
month: JUN 16
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '126'
orcid-numbers: Pinto, Andrew/0000-0003-1841-9347
papis_id: c0ca1578b5942c458cb0b96dc1c553ad
ref: Pinto2021exploringdifferent
researcherid-numbers: 'Hwang, Stephen W./GVR-7773-2022

  '
tags:
- relevant
- review
times-cited: '4'
title: 'Exploring different methods to evaluate the impact of basic income interventions:
  a systematic review'
type: Review
unique-id: WOS:000664609300003
usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
usage-count-since-2013: '9'
volume: '20'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
year: '2021'