abstract: 'In recent decades, the prevalence of physical activity has declined

  considerably in many developed countries, which has been related to

  rising levels of obesity and several weight-related medical conditions,

  such as coronary heart disease. There is evidence that areas exhibiting

  particularly low levels of physical activity have undergone a strong

  transition away from employment in physically demanding occupations. It

  is proposed that such processes of deindustrialisation may be causally

  linked to unexplained geographical disparities in physical activity.

  This study investigates how geographical variations in

  deindustrialisation are associated with current levels of physical

  activity across different activity domains and relevant macro-economic

  time periods in England. The analysis includes data on 27,414 adults

  from the Health Survey for England 2006 and 2008 who reported total,

  occupational, domestic, recreational and walking activity. Based on

  employment change in industries associated with heavy manual work, a

  local measurement of industrial decline was developed, covering the

  period 1841-2001. We applied a multilevel modelling approach to study

  associations between industrial decline and physical activity. Results

  indicate that the process of deindustrialisation appears to be

  associated with patterns of physical activity and that this is

  independent of household income. The effects observed were generally

  similar for men and women. However, the nature of the association

  differed across areas, time periods and employment types; in particular,

  residents of districts characterised by a history of manufacturing and

  mining employment had increased odds of reporting low activity levels.

  We conclude that post-industrial change may be a factor in explaining

  present-day variations in physical activity, emphasising the plausible

  impact of inherited cultures and regional identities on health related

  behaviours. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.'
affiliation: 'Rind, E (Corresponding Author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Drummond
  St, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland.

  Rind, Esther, Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland.

  Jones, Andy, Univ E Anglia, Norwich Med Sch, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.

  Southall, Humphrey, Univ Portsmouth, Dept Geog, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, Hants, England.'
author: Rind, Esther and Jones, Andy and Southall, Humphrey
author-email: e.rind@ed.ac.uk
author_list:
- family: Rind
  given: Esther
- family: Jones
  given: Andy
- family: Southall
  given: Humphrey
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.12.004
files: []
issn: 0277-9536
journal: SOCIAL SCIENCE \& MEDICINE
keywords: 'England; Physical activity; Geography; Deindustrialisation; Multilevel

  analysis'
keywords-plus: 'CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; TEMPORAL TRENDS; GREAT-BRITAIN; LEISURE-TIME;

  ADULTS; PARTICIPATION; ADJUSTMENT; COUNTRIES; WOMEN'
language: English
month: MAR
number-of-cited-references: '60'
orcid-numbers: Jones, Andy/0000-0002-3130-9313
pages: 88-97
papis_id: 10302c04ba265ed4e04a14931a4fc4af
ref: Rind2014howis
times-cited: '7'
title: How is post-industrial decline associated with the geography of physical activity?
  Evidence from the Health Survey for England
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000333488900013
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '20'
volume: '104'
web-of-science-categories: 'Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Social Sciences,

  Biomedical'
year: '2014'