abstract: 'The MDGs are a contract between the developed and the developing world

  to improve the quality of life in developing countries, laying out the

  responsibilities of both groups of countries in working towards

  achieving these goals.

  Developed countries are expected to provide 0.7\% of GNP in official

  development assistance to finance development programmes. Developing

  countries should provide an appropriate policy environment, while

  increasing their investment in these activities.

  Three of the eight goals are health related and aim to achieve between

  1990 and 2015: a two-thirds reduction in child deaths (MDG 4); a

  three-quarters decline in maternal deaths (MDG 5); and reversal of the

  HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis epidemics (MDG 6).

  Doubling the proportion of girls with a secondary education from 19\% to

  38\% could reduce fertility from 5.3 to 3.9 children per woman and lower

  infant mortality from 81 to 38 deaths per 1000 births.

  Other MDGs focus on public health (safe water, sanitation, environmental

  protection), alleviation of poverty and hunger, and the determinants of

  development (education, gender equity, fair trade, debt management).

  Income inequity exacerbates inequalities between the rich and the poor.

  Globally, only 36\% of poor women have access to skilled care at birth

  compared to 85\% among the wealthiest.

  In Africa and South-east Asia, the regions with highest maternal and

  child death rates, universal access to community, primary level and

  preventive interventions for newborns and mothers could reduce morbidity

  and mortality by half. Achieving the MDGs for maternal and child health

  would require universal access to clinical services as well.'
affiliation: 'McCaw-Binns, A (Corresponding Author), Univ W Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.

  McCaw-Binns, Affette, Univ W Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.

  Hussein, Julia, Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland.'
author: McCaw-Binns, Affette and Hussein, Julia
author-email: 'affette.mccawbinns@uwimona.edu.jm

  j.hussein@abdn.ac.uk'
author_list:
- family: McCaw-Binns
  given: Affette
- family: Hussein
  given: Julia
booktitle: MATERNAL AND PERINATAL HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
da: '2023-09-28'
editor: Hussein, J and McCawBinns, A and Webber, R
files: []
isbn: 978-1-84593-745-4
keywords-plus: 'SOLID-FUEL USE; MATERNAL MORTALITY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; LOW-INCOME;

  HEALTH; SURVIVAL; BIRTH; STRATEGIES; COUNTRIES; SETTINGS'
language: English
number-of-cited-references: '53'
pages: 10-24
papis_id: 6b3268ce66e2fa90ecb9c45fc0364203
ref: Mccawbinns2012millenniumdevelopmen
times-cited: '0'
title: The Millennium Development Goals
type: Article; Book Chapter
unique-id: WOS:000312934300003
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '16'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
year: '2012'