abstract: 'Laparoscopic surgery is the standard of care in high-income countries

  for many procedures in the chest and abdomen. It avoids large incisions

  by using a tiny camera and fine instruments manipulated through keyhole

  incisions, but it is generally unavailable in low- and middle-income

  countries (LMICs) due to the high cost of installment, lack of qualified

  maintenance personnel, unreliable electricity, and shortage of

  consumable items. Patients in LMICs would benefit from laparoscopic

  surgery, as advantages include decreased pain, improved recovery time,

  fewer wound infections, and shorter hospital stays. To address this

  need, we developed an accessible laparoscopic system, called the

  ReadyView laparoscope for use in LMICs. The device includes an

  integrated camera and LED light source that can be displayed on any

  monitor. The ReadyView laparoscope was evaluated with standard optical

  imaging targets to determine its performance against a state-of-the-art

  commercial laparoscope. The ReadyView laparoscope has a comparable

  resolving power, lens distortion, field of view, depth of field, and

  color reproduction accuracy to a commercially available endoscope,

  particularly at shorter, commonly-used working distances (3-5 cm).

  Additionally, the ReadyView has a cooler temperature profile, decreasing

  the risk for tissue injury and operating room fires. The ReadyView

  features a waterproof design, enabling sterilization by submersion, as

  commonly performed in LMICs. A custom desktop software was developed to

  view the video on a laptop computer with a frame rate greater than 30

  frames per second and to white balance the image, which is critical for

  clinical use. The ReadyView laparoscope is capable of providing the

  image quality and overall performance needed for laparoscopic surgery.

  This portable low-cost system is well suited to increase access to

  laparoscopic surgery in LMICs.'
affiliation: 'Fitzgerald, TN (Corresponding Author), Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham,
  NC 27710 USA.

  Mueller, Jenna L., Univ Maryland, Clark Sch Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.

  Rozman, Natalie; Sunassee, Enakshi D.; Gupta, Aryaman; Schuval, Cayla; Biswas, Arushi;
  Kulkarni, Shreyas; Ramanujam, Nimmi, Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC USA.

  Knight, Bailey; Brown, Meredith, Duke Univ, Trinity Sch Arts \& Sci, Durham, NC
  USA.

  Ramanujam, Nimmi; Fitzgerald, Tamara N., Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC 27710
  USA.

  Fitzgerald, Tamara N., Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA.'
author: Mueller, Jenna L. and Rozman, Natalie and Sunassee, Enakshi D. and Gupta,
  Aryaman and Schuval, Cayla and Biswas, Arushi and Knight, Bailey and Kulkarni, Shreyas
  and Brown, Meredith and Ramanujam, Nimmi and Fitzgerald, Tamara N.
author-email: tnfitz@hotmail.com
author_list:
- family: Mueller
  given: Jenna L.
- family: Rozman
  given: Natalie
- family: Sunassee
  given: Enakshi D.
- family: Gupta
  given: Aryaman
- family: Schuval
  given: Cayla
- family: Biswas
  given: Arushi
- family: Knight
  given: Bailey
- family: Kulkarni
  given: Shreyas
- family: Brown
  given: Meredith
- family: Ramanujam
  given: Nimmi
- family: Fitzgerald
  given: Tamara N.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1007/s10439-020-02707-6
earlyaccessdate: MAR 2021
eissn: 1573-9686
files: []
issn: 0090-6964
journal: ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
keywords: Biomedical devices; Laparoscopic surgery; Global surgery
keywords-plus: SURGICAL CARE; COST
language: English
month: JUL
number: '7'
number-of-cited-references: '39'
orcid-numbers: 'Knight, Bailey/0000-0001-7813-5624

  Biswas, Arushi/0000-0001-9785-1466

  Kulkarni, Shreyas/0000-0002-6723-515X'
pages: 1657-1669
papis_id: 76ba11ce59ba282d73417b95e2d8f895
ref: Mueller2021accessiblelaparoscop
times-cited: '3'
title: An Accessible Laparoscope for Surgery in Low- and Middle- Income Countries
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000626407700006
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '1'
volume: '49'
web-of-science-categories: Engineering, Biomedical
year: '2021'