abstract: 'Occupational characteristics may influence serious psychological

  distress (SPD) and contribute to health inequities; yet, few studies

  have examined multiple employment industries and occupational classes in

  a large, racially diverse sample of the United States. Using data from

  the National Health Interview Survey, we investigated employment

  industry and occupational class in relation to SPD in the overall

  population and by race/ethnicity, gender, age, household income, and

  health status. We created eight employment industry categories:

  professional/administrative/management,

  agricultural/manufacturing/construction, retail trade,

  finance/information/real estate, educational services, health

  care/social assistance, accommodation/food services, and public

  administration/arts/other services. We also created three occupational

  class categories: professional/management, support services, and

  laborers. SPD was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress

  Scale and scores >= 13 indicated SPD. We adjusted for confounders and

  used Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95\%

  confidence intervals (CIs). Among the 245,038 participants, the mean age

  was 41.7 +/- 0.1 years, 73\% were Non-Hispanic (NH)-White, and 1.5\%

  were categorized as having SPD. Compared to the

  professional/administrative/management industry, working in other

  industries (e.g., manufacturing/construction (PR = 0.82 {[}95\% CI:

  0.70-0.95]) and educational services (PR = 0.79 {[}95\% CI: 0.66-0.94]))

  was associated with lower SPD. Working in support services and laborer

  versus professional/management positions were both associated with 19\%

  higher prevalence of SPD (95\% CI: 1.04-1.35; 95\% CI: 1.04-1.38,

  respectively). Furthermore, working in a support services or laborer

  versus professional/management position was associated with higher SPD

  in most employment industries. Industry-specific workplace interventions

  to equitably improve mental health are warranted.'
affiliation: 'Jackson, CL (Corresponding Author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth
  \& Human Serv, NIH, Durham, NC 27709 USA.

  Jackson, CL (Corresponding Author), Natl Inst Minor Hlth \& Hlth Dispar, Intramural
  Program, Dept Hlth \& Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.

  Gullett, Lauren R.; Alhasan, Dana M.; Jackson, Chandra L., NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch,
  Dept Hlth \& Human Serv, NIH, Durham, NC 27709 USA.

  Jackson, W. Braxton, II, DLH Holdings Co, Social \& Sci Syst Inc, Durham, NC 27703
  USA.

  Jackson, Chandra L., Natl Inst Minor Hlth \& Hlth Dispar, Intramural Program, Dept
  Hlth \& Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.'
article-number: '8376'
author: Gullett, Lauren R. and Alhasan, Dana M. and Jackson II, W. Braxton and Jackson,
  Chandra L.
author-email: 'lauren.gullett@nih.gov

  dana.alhasan@nih.gov

  braxton.jackson@dlhcorp.com

  chandra.jackson@nih.gov'
author_list:
- family: Gullett
  given: Lauren R.
- family: Alhasan
  given: Dana M.
- family: Jackson II
  given: W. Braxton
- family: Jackson
  given: Chandra L.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19148376
eissn: 1660-4601
files: []
journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
keywords: 'occupations; occupational health; psychological distress; employment;

  race factors; economic status; mental health'
keywords-plus: 'MENTAL-HEALTH; WORK; WORKPLACE; SLEEP; DISCRIMINATION; DISPARITIES;

  DISEASE; ILLNESS; IMPACT; BLACK'
language: English
month: JUL
number: '14'
number-of-cited-references: '61'
orcid-numbers: 'Jackson, Chandra/0000-0002-0915-8272

  AlHasan, Dana/0000-0002-6388-6035'
papis_id: 7032411be42df908ddabda013512cfb4
ref: Gullett2022employmentindustry
researcherid-numbers: 'Jackson, Chandra/A-6291-2017

  '
times-cited: '3'
title: Employment Industry and Occupational Class in Relation to Serious Psychological
  Distress in the United States
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000831989600001
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '2'
volume: '19'
web-of-science-categories: Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental \& Occupational
  Health
year: '2022'