abstract: 'This mixed-method article focuses on Muslim women who are second

  generation - children of immigrants, born and bred in France - by

  bringing to the fore the intersection of (visibility of) religion and

  gender in the production of labour market access, outcomes and

  experiences. The quantitative analysis uses the Trajectories and Origins

  Survey 2009 and the European Social Survey (2006-2016) to explore how

  religious affiliation impacts labour market outcomes and how

  discriminatory practices are perceived. The qualitative analysis builds

  on semi-structured interviews which bring together, for the first time,

  women from a well-established minority ethnic group in France -

  Algerians - and women from a newly-settled group - Pakistanis. In doing

  so, the analysis offers a conceptual understanding of the ways in which

  gendered and religious displays shape labour market experiences. We find

  that ethnicity (based on parental country of birth) is by far the most

  commonly cited form of experienced and/or perceived discrimination in

  labour market access. In terms of outcomes, Muslim women are the least

  likely to gain employment, work the least number of hours and earn the

  lowest salaries; those who display their religion (through headscarf

  wearing practice for example) have an even reduced labour market

  participation rate. Drawing on the interviews analysis, we suggest that

  certain professional roles and sectors are believed to be accessible for

  those who are perceived to be French and white only. This racialised

  understanding of Frenchness produces inequality in the workplace and

  blocks professional progression for Muslim women, who are French by

  birth and educated in France. However, despite experiencing a similar

  racialisation process, the ways in which the women dealt with unequal

  treatment at work differed according to their ethnicity.'
affiliation: 'Naseem, J (Corresponding Author), Univ Birmingham, Dept Educ \& Social
  Justice, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.

  Naseem, Jawiria, Univ Birmingham, Dept Educ \& Social Justice, Birmingham, W Midlands,
  England.

  Adnan, Wifag, New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Social Sci Div, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.'
author: Naseem, Jawiria and Adnan, Wifag
author-email: j.naseem@bham.ac.uk
author_list:
- family: Naseem
  given: Jawiria
- family: Adnan
  given: Wifag
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.rssm.2019.02.003
eissn: 1878-5654
files: []
issn: 0276-5624
journal: RESEARCH IN SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND MOBILITY
keywords: 'Discrimination; Ethnicity; Gender; Islam; French labour market; Second

  generation women; Racialisation; Racism'
keywords-plus: ISLAMOPHOBIA; SELECTION; EARNINGS; CULTURE; WOMEN
language: English
month: JUN
number-of-cited-references: '49'
pages: 79-93
papis_id: 15c398ee36bbbce96dc152bf0d1b6fbd
ref: Naseem2019beingsecond
times-cited: '7'
title: Being a second generation Muslim woman in the French labour market Understanding
  the dynamics of (visibility of) religion and gender in labour market access, outcomes
  and experiences
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000470120000008
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '22'
volume: '61'
web-of-science-categories: Sociology
year: '2019'