abstract: 'Objectives Past studies have identified socioeconomic inequalities in

  the timing and route of labour market exit at older ages. However, few

  studies have compared these trends cross-nationally and existing

  evidence focuses on specific institutional outcomes (such as disability

  pension and sickness absence) in Nordic countries. We examined

  differences by education level and occupational grade in the risks of

  work exit and health-related work exit.

  Methods Prospective longitudinal data were drawn from seven studies

  (n=99164). Participants were in paid work at least once around age 50.

  Labour market exit was derived based on reductions in working hours,

  changes in self-reported employment status or from administrative

  records. Health-related exit was ascertained by receipt of

  health-related benefit or pension or from the reported reason for

  stopping work. Cox regression models were estimated for each study,

  adjusted for baseline self-rated health and birth cohort.

  Results There were 50003 work exits during follow-up, of which an

  average of 14\% (range 2-32\%) were health related. Low level education

  and low occupational grade were associated with increased risks of

  health-related exit in most studies. Low level education and

  occupational grade were also associated with an increased risk of any

  exit from work, although with less consistency across studies.

  Conclusions Workers with low socioeconomic position have an increased

  risk of health-related exit from employment. Policies that extend

  working life may disadvantage such workers disproportionally, especially

  where institutional support for those exiting due to poor health is

  minimal.'
affiliation: 'Carr, E (Corresponding Author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol
  \& Neurosci, Dept Biostat \& Hlth Informat, London SE5 8AF, England.

  Carr, Ewan, UCL, Dept Epidemiol \& Publ Hlth, London, England.

  Carr, Ewan, Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol \& Neurosci, Dept Biostat \&
  Hlth Informat, London SE5 8AF, England.

  Fleischmann, Maria; Murray, Emily T.; Xue, Baowen; Zaninotto, Paola; Head, Jenny,
  UCL, Dept Epidemiol \& Publ Hlth, London, England.

  Goldberg, Marcel; Zins, Marie, INSERM, Populat Based Epidemiol Cohorts Unit UMS
  011, Villejuif, France.

  Goldberg, Marcel; Zins, Marie, Paris Descartes Univ, Paris, France.

  Kuh, Diana; Stafford, Mai, UCL, MRC Unit Lifelong Hlth \& Ageing, London, England.

  Stansfeld, Stephen, Queen Mary Univ London, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, London, England.

  Vahtera, Jussi, Univ Turku, Dept Publ Hlth, Turku, Finland.

  Vahtera, Jussi, Turku Univ Hosp, Turku, Finland.

  Zins, Marie, INSERM UMR 1168, VIMA, Villejuif, France.'
author: Carr, Ewan and Fleischmann, Maria and Goldberg, Marcel and Kuh, Diana and
  Murray, Emily T. and Stafford, Mai and Stansfeld, Stephen and Vahtera, Jussi and
  Xue, Baowen and Zaninotto, Paola and Zins, Marie and Head, Jenny
author-email: ewan.carr@kcl.ac.uk
author_list:
- family: Carr
  given: Ewan
- family: Fleischmann
  given: Maria
- family: Goldberg
  given: Marcel
- family: Kuh
  given: Diana
- family: Murray
  given: Emily T.
- family: Stafford
  given: Mai
- family: Stansfeld
  given: Stephen
- family: Vahtera
  given: Jussi
- family: Xue
  given: Baowen
- family: Zaninotto
  given: Paola
- family: Zins
  given: Marie
- family: Head
  given: Jenny
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104619
eissn: 1470-7926
files: []
issn: 1351-0711
journal: OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
keywords-plus: 'CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES; DISABILITY

  RETIREMENT; HEALTH INEQUALITIES; PAID EMPLOYMENT; WESTERN-EUROPE;

  WHITEHALL-II; RISK-FACTORS; SOCIAL-CLASS; WORK'
language: English
month: MAY
number: '5'
number-of-cited-references: '39'
orcid-numbers: 'Goldberg, Marcel/0000-0002-6161-5880

  Kuh, Diana/0000-0001-7386-2857

  Xue, Baowen/0000-0003-0180-8776

  Zaninotto, Paola/0000-0003-3036-0499

  Vahtera, Jussi/0000-0002-6036-061X

  Murray, Emily/0000-0001-6297-6920

  Fleischmann, Maria/0000-0001-9023-5150'
pages: 369-377
papis_id: b6caa0315525ad880980791dcb348985
ref: Carr2018occupationaleducatio
researcherid-numbers: 'Head, Jenny/GYA-2625-2022

  Goldberg, Marcel/I-7834-2012

  Kuh, Diana/L-6019-2014

  Vahtera, Jussi/J-3271-2013

  Zins, Marie/AAX-6551-2021

  '
times-cited: '40'
title: 'Occupational and educational inequalities in exit from employment at older
  ages: evidence from seven prospective cohorts'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000430495900008
usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
usage-count-since-2013: '17'
volume: '75'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
year: '2018'