abstract: 'There are multiple reasons to consider the use of formal childcare: parental employment, child development, fertility choices, elderly health, generational relations, etc. This study explores the relationship between regional differences (urban/rural; eastern/central/western) and demand for childcare services (quantity, price, quality) from birth to three years of age, moderated and mediated by the family childcare contexts among Chinese women. Altogether, 1770 mothers of children aged 0-3 were selected from a national survey and analyzed. There are three major findings: (1) Urban mothers show a willingness to spend on the higher monetary cost of center-based childcare compared to rural mothers, as a result of more severe work-child conflicts faced by urban women. Urban-rural gaps in individual and household income also contribute to the differences in affordability. (2) Mothers in eastern China have a more substantial need to place their infants or toddlers in nurseries before the age of three than their counterparts in central and western China, primarily due to a lack of grandparental and paternal childcare support and an expectation of higher quality programs. (3) There is no significant regional disparity in terms of care-related or education-related quality preferences. The paper proposes regional prioritized strategies and targeted services to address the ``3A{''''} problems of childcare provision.' affiliation: 'Chen, CF (Corresponding Author), Huazhong Univ Sci \& Technol, Sch Sociol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. Chen, Chuanfang; Hu, Huimin; Shi, Renbing, Huazhong Univ Sci \& Technol, Sch Sociol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.' article-number: '151' author: Chen, Chuanfang and Hu, Huimin and Shi, Renbing author-email: chuanfangchenhust@163.com author_list: - family: Chen given: Chuanfang - family: Hu given: Huimin - family: Shi given: Renbing da: '2023-09-28' doi: 10.3390/children10010151 eissn: 2227-9067 files: [] journal: CHILDREN-BASEL keywords: 'demand for childcare services; regional differences; family childcare context; moderating effect; mediating effect' keywords-plus: 'LOW-INCOME FAMILIES; 2-CHILD POLICY; EDUCATION; ARRANGEMENTS; CHOICE; GRANDPARENTS; PATTERNS; QUALITY' language: English month: JAN number: '1' number-of-cited-references: '76' orcid-numbers: Chen, Chuanfang/0000-0001-8528-234X papis_id: 87059b14e64ccb491254e85ce5f82312 ref: Chen2023regionaldifferences researcherid-numbers: 'Chen, Chuanfang/IYJ-2755-2023 ' times-cited: '0' title: 'Regional Differences in Chinese Female Demand for Childcare Services of 0-3 Years: The Moderating and Mediating Effects of Family Childcare Context' type: article unique-id: WOS:000914467500001 usage-count-last-180-days: '43' usage-count-since-2013: '69' volume: '10' web-of-science-categories: Pediatrics year: '2023'