area of policy,findings,channels,studies
trade liberalisation,evidence for slightly negative effects on income equality,highly dependent on targeting/micro-economic factors,Xu2021;Khan2021;Liyanaarachchi2016;Rendall2013
,,increase in sectorial wage differences
,,growing income gap if transfers to low-income households do not rise with liberalisation
,evidence for reduction of absolute poverty,,Rendall2013;Liyanaarachchi2016
,mixed evidence for effect of FDI on long-term income equality,requires incentive structure to directly connect local business with outside economies,Adams2015;Xu2021
,,correctly targeted FDI can generate low-skill agricultural employment
fiscal policies,evidence for wage/firm subsidies increasing income equality,effective targeting crucial to reach disadvantaged sectors,Wang2020;Go2010;Rendall2013;Cieplinski2021
,,wage subsidy increases formal employment but can lead to wage compression
,evidence for wage/firm subsidies to reduce absolute poverty,lifting of credit constraints through income gains,Go2010
techn. change,evidence for legal contraceptive access increasing gender income equality,"educational attainment, occupational upgrading and later labour market exit",Bailey2012
infrastructure,evidence for increase in spatial equality,increased employment probability through large-scale rural energy projects,Kuriyama2021
,mixed evidence for increase of existing inequalities,elite policy capture can exacerbate existing social exclusion & disadvantages,Kuriyama2021;Stock2021
,mixed evidence for transport infrastructure effects on income inequality,deficit-/tariff-financing can exacerbate spatia inequality,Blumenberg2014;Adam2018
,,transit-rich area creation alone not enough for employment gains
access to education,evidence for increasing income equality,human capital building,Adams2015;Bailey2012;Pi2016;Suh2017;Emigh2018
,,occupational upgrading and increased probability for formal employment
,evidence for increasing gender and spatial income equality ,gendered occupational upgrading can decrease gender pay gap,Xu2021;Mukhopadhaya2003;Pi2016;Bailey2012;Suh2017
,,education alone necessary but not sufficient condition for increased FLFP
,,higher overall access but more inequal access can generate new inequalities
,evidence for increased employment equality for people with disabilities,increased employment probability and hours worked,Shepherd-Banigan2021;Gates2000;Poppen2017;Thoresen2021;Rosen2014
,,strong remaining intersectional gender inequalities require effective targeting