diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 4445544..7524fb6 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,6 +1,14 @@ -/03-documentation/DB -/03-documentation/library -/04-outputs +/documentation/DB +/documentation/library +/output +/manuscript/*_files/ + +# Elsevier journal target: +# Ignore bibliography style, spl (for natbib?) and latex class +# since they don't get deleted after compilation +*.spl +*.bst +*.cls # Created by https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/-f,python,linux,vim,quarto,markdown,jupyternotebooks # Edit at https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore?templates=-f,python,linux,vim,quarto,markdown,jupyternotebooks diff --git a/04-outputs/.gitkeep b/04-outputs/.gitkeep deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29..0000000 diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index 7ad96ff..681a5d3 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ render: scoping_review.qmd extract: scoping_review.qmd poetry extract + poetry prisma release: scoping_review.qmd + poetry extract + poetry prisma poetry milestone diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbf9a15 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +# Scoping Review: Inequalities on the Labour Market + +This repository contains all data, modelling and processing source code and the complete textual content to reproduce the scoping review study. +The most up-to-date version of this repository can always be found [here](https://git.martyoeh.me/professional/wow-inequalities). + +Raw references, extracted and processed data can all be found in the `data/` directory: +Reference data include the unmodified database queries using the scoping review search terms, +and the bibtex file produced by Zotero after tagging and sorting in a Zotero library, ready to be re-imported into the application. +Extracted data include the fully extracted studies which make up the main sample for the review. +Processed data are ready to import into a dataframe or visualize in a report. + +All full texts and visualization code reside in the `manuscripts/` directory. +The full working paper text and code can be found in the `scoping_review.qmd` file. +The full article text can be found in the `article.qmd` file. + +They both make use of supplementary extraction and processing code which resides in the `src/` directory, +mainly to load processed data from the `data/` directory and turn it into `.csv` data, +as well as pre-processing for visualization and validity ranking within the study. + +## Execution and Reproduction + +To reproduce the content herein, there are 3 requirements: + +- [Python](https://www.python.org/) (minimum version 3.11) +- [Poetry package manager](https://python-poetry.org/) +- [Quarto publishing system](https://quarto.org/) + +Once you have all required software to install all necessary package dependencies, +invoke poetry from the main repository directory: + +```bash +poetry install +``` + +Now, by invoking `make` the project can be rendered: + +```bash +make +``` + +Make will by default extract the processed data and use it to render the full project into a pdf, an html and a docx version of the review, which are deposited in the `outputs/` directory. + +You can invoke any of the `extract`, `render`, `release` steps manually instead by executing e.g. `make extract`. diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/_extension.yml b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/_extension.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8993c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/_extension.yml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +title: Elsevier Journal Format +author: Charles Teague +version: 0.4.2 +quarto-required: ">=1.2.198" +contributes: + formats: + common: + date-format: full + filters: + - elsevier.lua + pdf: + documentclass: elsarticle + template-partials: ["partials/before-body.tex", "partials/title.tex"] + format-resources: + - elsarticle.cls + cite-method: natbib + number-sections: true + html: + theme: styles/elsevier.scss diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsarticle-harv.bst b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsarticle-harv.bst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bf1acb --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsarticle-harv.bst @@ -0,0 +1,1598 @@ +%% +%% This is file `elsarticle-harv.bst' (Version 2.1), +%% +%% Copyright 2009-2020 Elsevier Ltd +%% +%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'. +%% --------------------------------------------- +%% +%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public +%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any +%% later version. The latest version of this license is in +%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +%% version 1999/12/01 or later. +%% +%% $Id: elsarticle-harv.bst 194 2020-11-23 11:29:27Z rishi $ +%% +%% $URL: https://lenova.river-valley.com/svn/elsarticle/trunk/elsarticle-harv.bst $ +%% + +ENTRY + { address + archive + author + booktitle + chapter + collaboration + edition + editor + howpublished + institution + journal + key + month + note + number + organization + pages + publisher + school + series + title + type + volume + year + url + doi + eprint + pubmed + } + {} + { label extra.label sort.label short.list } + +INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block } + +STRINGS { urlprefix doiprefix eprintprefix pubmedprefix } + +FUNCTION {init.web.variables} +{ + "\URLprefix " 'urlprefix := + "\DOIprefix" 'doiprefix := + "\ArXivprefix " 'eprintprefix := + "\Pubmedprefix " 'pubmedprefix := +} + +FUNCTION {init.state.consts} +{ #0 'before.all := + #1 'mid.sentence := + #2 'after.sentence := + #3 'after.block := +} +STRINGS { s t} +FUNCTION {output.comma} +{ ", " * write$} + +FUNCTION {output.nonnull} +{ 's := + output.state mid.sentence = + { ". " * write$ } + { output.state after.block = + { add.period$ write$ + newline$ + "\newblock " write$ + } + { output.state before.all = + 'write$ + { ", " * write$ } + if$ + } + if$ + mid.sentence 'output.state := + } + if$ + s +} +FUNCTION {output.commanull} +{ 's := + output.state mid.sentence = + { ", " * write$ } + { output.state after.block = + { ", " * write$ + newline$ + "\newblock " write$ + } + { output.state before.all = + 'write$ + { add.period$ " " * write$ } + if$ + } + if$ + mid.sentence 'output.state := + } + if$ + s +} +FUNCTION {output} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + 'pop$ + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} +FUNCTION {output.check} +{ 't := + duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ } + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} +FUNCTION {output.book.check} +{ 't := + duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ } + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} +FUNCTION {fin.entry} +{ add.period$ + write$ + newline$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.block} +{ output.state before.all = + 'skip$ + { after.block 'output.state := } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {new.sentence} +{ output.state after.block = + 'skip$ + { output.state before.all = + 'skip$ + { after.sentence 'output.state := } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {add.blank} +{ " " * before.all 'output.state := +} + +FUNCTION {date.block} +{ + new.block +} + +FUNCTION {not} +{ { #0 } + { #1 } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {and} +{ 'skip$ + { pop$ #0 } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {or} +{ { pop$ #1 } + 'skip$ + if$ +} +FUNCTION {new.block.checkb} +{ empty$ + swap$ empty$ + and + 'skip$ + 'new.block + if$ +} +FUNCTION {field.or.null} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + 'skip$ + if$ +} +FUNCTION {emphasize} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { "\textit{" swap$ * "}" * } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix} +{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 < + { "~" } + { " " } + if$ + swap$ +} + +FUNCTION {capitalize} +{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ } + +FUNCTION {space.word} +{ " " swap$ * " " * } + % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words. + % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word. + % The language selected here is ENGLISH +FUNCTION {bbl.and} +{ "and"} + +FUNCTION {bbl.etal} +{ "et~al." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.editors} +{ "Eds." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.editor} +{ "Ed." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.edby} +{ "edited by" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.edition} +{ "ed." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.volume} +{ "volume" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.of} +{ "of" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.number} +{ "number" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.nr} +{ "no." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.in} +{ "in" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.pages} +{ "pp." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.page} +{ "p." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.chapter} +{ "chapter" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.techrep} +{ "Technical Report" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis} +{ "Master's thesis" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis} +{ "Ph.D. thesis" } + +MACRO {jan} {"January"} + +MACRO {feb} {"February"} + +MACRO {mar} {"March"} + +MACRO {apr} {"April"} + +MACRO {may} {"May"} + +MACRO {jun} {"June"} + +MACRO {jul} {"July"} + +MACRO {aug} {"August"} + +MACRO {sep} {"September"} + +MACRO {oct} {"October"} + +MACRO {nov} {"November"} + +MACRO {dec} {"December"} + +MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."} + +MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."} + +MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"} + +MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."} + +MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."} + +MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."} + +MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."} + +MACRO {ieeetcad} + {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."} + +MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."} + +MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"} + +MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."} + +MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."} + +MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."} + +MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."} + +MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."} + +MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."} + +MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"} + +MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."} + +MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."} + +MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."} + +FUNCTION {bibinfo.check} +{ swap$ + duplicate$ missing$ + { + pop$ pop$ + "" + } + { duplicate$ empty$ + { + swap$ pop$ + } + { swap$ + "\bibinfo{" swap$ * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn} +{ swap$ + duplicate$ missing$ + { + swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$ + "" + } + { duplicate$ empty$ + { + swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ + } + { swap$ + pop$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +STRINGS { bibinfo} + +INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames } + +FUNCTION {format.names} +{ 'bibinfo := + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ { + 's := + "" 't := + #1 'nameptr := + s num.names$ 'numnames := + numnames 'namesleft := + { namesleft #0 > } + { s nameptr + "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f{.}.}" + format.name$ + bibinfo bibinfo.check + 't := + nameptr #1 > + { + namesleft #1 > + { ", " * t * } + { + "," * + s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" = + { 't := } + { pop$ } + if$ + t "others" = + { + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { " " * t * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + 't + if$ + nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := + namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := + } + while$ + } if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.names.ed} +{ + format.names +} +FUNCTION {format.key} +{ empty$ + { key field.or.null } + { "" } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.authors} +{ author "author" format.names + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { collaboration "collaboration" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { " (" swap$ * ")" * } + if$ + * + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor} +{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ } + +FUNCTION {format.editors} +{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + " " * + get.bbl.editor + capitalize + "(" swap$ * ")" * + * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.note} +{ + note empty$ + { "" } + { note #1 #1 substring$ + duplicate$ "{" = + 'skip$ + { output.state mid.sentence = + { "l" } + { "u" } + if$ + change.case$ + } + if$ + note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.title} +{ title + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { "t" change.case$ } + if$ + "title" bibinfo.check +} +FUNCTION {format.full.names} +{'s := + "" 't := + #1 'nameptr := + s num.names$ 'numnames := + numnames 'namesleft := + { namesleft #0 > } + { s nameptr + "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + 't := + nameptr #1 > + { + namesleft #1 > + { ", " * t * } + { + s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" = + { 't := } + { pop$ } + if$ + t "others" = + { + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { + bbl.and + space.word * t * + } + if$ + } + if$ + } + 't + if$ + nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := + namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full} +{ author empty$ + { editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { editor format.full.names } + if$ + } + { author format.full.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.key.full} +{ author empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { author format.full.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {editor.key.full} +{ editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { editor format.full.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {make.full.names} +{ type$ "book" = + type$ "inbook" = + or + 'author.editor.key.full + { type$ "proceedings" = + 'editor.key.full + 'author.key.full + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {output.bibitem} +{ newline$ + "\bibitem[{" write$ + label write$ + ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list = + { pop$ } + { * } + if$ + "}]{" * write$ + cite$ write$ + "}" write$ + newline$ + "" + before.all 'output.state := +} + +FUNCTION {n.dashify} +{ + 't := + "" + { t empty$ not } + { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = + { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not + { "--" * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = } + { "-" * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + while$ + } + if$ + } + { t #1 #1 substring$ * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + if$ + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {word.in} +{ bbl.in %capitalize + ":" * + " " * } + +FUNCTION {format.date} +{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ + { + } + 'skip$ + if$ + extra.label * + before.all 'output.state := + ", " swap$ * +} +FUNCTION {format.btitle} +{ title "title" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {either.or.check} +{ empty$ + 'pop$ + { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.bvolume} +{ volume empty$ + { "" } + { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix + "volume" bibinfo.check * * + series "series" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$ + emphasize * } + if$ + "volume and number" number either.or.check + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.number.series} +{ volume empty$ + { number empty$ + { series field.or.null } + { series empty$ + { number "number" bibinfo.check } + { output.state mid.sentence = + { bbl.number } + { bbl.number capitalize } + if$ + number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * * + bbl.in space.word * + series "series" bibinfo.check * + } + if$ + } + if$ + } + { "" } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.edition} +{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + output.state mid.sentence = + { "l" } + { "t" } + if$ change.case$ + "edition" bibinfo.check + " " * bbl.edition * + } + if$ +} +INTEGERS { multiresult } +FUNCTION {multi.page.check} +{ 't := + #0 'multiresult := + { multiresult not + t empty$ not + and + } + { t #1 #1 substring$ + duplicate$ "-" = + swap$ duplicate$ "," = + swap$ "+" = + or or + { #1 'multiresult := } + { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } + if$ + } + while$ + multiresult +} +%FUNCTION {format.pages} +%{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ +% { duplicate$ multi.page.check +% { +% n.dashify +% } +% { +% } +% if$ +% "pages" bibinfo.check +% } +% if$ +%} + +FUNCTION {format.pages} +{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { duplicate$ multi.page.check + { + bbl.pages swap$ + n.dashify + } + { + bbl.page swap$ + } + if$ + tie.or.space.prefix + "pages" bibinfo.check + * * + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.journal.pages} +{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ pop$ format.pages } + { + ", " * + swap$ + n.dashify + "pages" bibinfo.check + * + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} +{ volume field.or.null + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + "volume" bibinfo.check + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages} +{ chapter empty$ + { "" } + { type empty$ + { bbl.chapter } + { type "l" change.case$ + "type" bibinfo.check + } + if$ + chapter tie.or.space.prefix + "chapter" bibinfo.check + * * + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.booktitle} +{ + booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check +} +FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle} +{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { + " " * + get.bbl.editor + capitalize + "(" swap$ * "), " * + * swap$ + * } + if$ + word.in swap$ * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.thesis.type} +{ type duplicate$ empty$ + 'pop$ + { swap$ pop$ + "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.tr.number} +{ number "number" bibinfo.check + type duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ bbl.techrep } + 'skip$ + if$ + "type" bibinfo.check + swap$ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "t" change.case$ } + { tie.or.space.prefix * * } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.article.crossref} +{ + word.in + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} +FUNCTION {format.book.crossref} +{ volume duplicate$ empty$ + { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$ + pop$ word.in + } + { bbl.volume + capitalize + swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word * + } + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} +FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref} +{ + word.in + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} +FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub} +{ 't := + "" + address empty$ t empty$ and + 'skip$ + { + t empty$ + { address "address" bibinfo.check * + } + { t * + address empty$ + 'skip$ + { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.publisher.address} +{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub +} + +FUNCTION {format.organization.address} +{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub +} + +FUNCTION {print.url} + {url duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { new.sentence + urlprefix "\url{" * swap$ * "}" * + } + if$ + } + +FUNCTION {print.doi} + {doi duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { new.sentence + doiprefix "\doi{" * swap$ * "}" * + } + if$ + } + +FUNCTION {print.eprint} + {eprint duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { new.sentence + duplicate$ "\href{http://arxiv.org/abs/" swap$ * "}{{\tt arXiv:" * swap$ * "}}" * } + if$ + } + +FUNCTION {print.pubmed} + {pubmed duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { new.sentence + pubmedprefix "\Pubmed{" * swap$ * "}" * + } + if$ + } + +FUNCTION {webpage} +{ "%Type = Webpage" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + author empty$ + { + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + } + { + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block +} + if$ + print.url output + fin.entry +} + + +FUNCTION {article} +{ "%Type = Article" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + crossref missing$ + { + journal + "journal" bibinfo.check + "journal" output.check + add.blank + format.vol.num.pages output + } + { format.article.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.journal.pages + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {book} +{ "%Type = Book" write$ + output.bibitem + author empty$ + { format.editors "author and editor" output.check + editor format.key output + } + { format.authors output.nonnull + crossref missing$ + { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { format.bvolume output + new.block + format.number.series output + format.edition output + new.sentence + format.publisher.address output + } + { + new.block + format.book.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {booklet} +{ "%Type = Booklet" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors output + author format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {inbook} +{ "%Type = Inbook" write$ + output.bibitem + author empty$ + { format.editors "author and editor" output.check + editor format.key output + } + { format.authors output.nonnull + crossref missing$ + { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle "title" output.check + format.edition output + crossref missing$ + { + format.publisher.address output + format.bvolume output + format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check + new.block + format.number.series output + new.sentence + } + { + format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check + new.block + format.book.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.pages "pages" output.check + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {incollection} +{ "%Type = Incollection" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title "title" output.book.check + new.sentence + crossref missing$ + { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.book.check + format.edition output + format.publisher.address output + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + format.chapter.pages output + new.sentence + } + { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull + format.chapter.pages output + } + if$ + format.pages "pages" output.check + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {inproceedings} +{ "%Type = Inproceedings" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title "title" output.book.check + new.sentence + crossref missing$ + { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check + new.sentence + publisher empty$ + { format.organization.address output } + { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output + format.publisher.address output + } + if$ +% format.bvolume output +% format.number.series output +% format.pages output + } + { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull + format.pages output + } + if$ + format.pages "pages" output.check + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings } + +FUNCTION {manual} +{ "%Type = Manual" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors output + author format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle "title" output.check + format.edition output + organization address new.block.checkb + organization "organization" bibinfo.check output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {mastersthesis} +{ "%Type = Masterthesis" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle + "title" output.check + new.block + bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull + school "school" bibinfo.warn output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {misc} +{ "%Type = Misc" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors output + author format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title output + new.block + howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {phdthesis} +{ "%Type = Phdthesis" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle + "title" output.check + new.block + bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull + school "school" bibinfo.warn output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {proceedings} +{ "%Type = Proceedings" write$ + output.bibitem + format.editors output + editor format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle "title" output.check + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + new.sentence + publisher empty$ + { format.organization.address output } + { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output + format.publisher.address output + } + if$ + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {techreport} +{ "%Type = Techreport" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle + "title" output.check + new.block + format.tr.number output.nonnull + institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {unpublished} +{ "%Type = Unpublished" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note "note" output.check + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {default.type} { misc } +READ +FUNCTION {sortify} +{ purify$ + "l" change.case$ +} +INTEGERS { len } +FUNCTION {chop.word} +{ 's := + 'len := + s #1 len substring$ = + { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ } + 's + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.lab.names} +{ 's := + "" 't := + s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + s num.names$ duplicate$ + #2 > + { pop$ + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { #2 < + 'skip$ + { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" = + { + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.key.label} +{ author empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { author format.lab.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label} +{ author empty$ + { editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { editor format.lab.names } + if$ + } + { author format.lab.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {editor.key.label} +{ editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { editor format.lab.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {calc.short.authors} +{ type$ "book" = + type$ "inbook" = + or + 'author.editor.key.label + { type$ "proceedings" = + 'editor.key.label + 'author.key.label + if$ + } + if$ + 'short.list := +} + +FUNCTION {calc.label} +{ calc.short.authors + short.list + "(" + * + year duplicate$ empty$ + short.list key field.or.null = or + { pop$ "" } + 'skip$ + if$ + * + 'label := +} + +FUNCTION {sort.format.names} +{ 's := + #1 'nameptr := + "" + s num.names$ 'numnames := + numnames 'namesleft := + { namesleft #0 > } + { s nameptr + "{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" + format.name$ 't := + nameptr #1 > + { + " " * + namesleft #1 = t "others" = and + { "zzzzz" * } + { t sortify * } + if$ + } + { t sortify * } + if$ + nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := + namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {sort.format.title} +{ 't := + "A " #2 + "An " #3 + "The " #4 t chop.word + chop.word + chop.word + sortify + #1 global.max$ substring$ +} +FUNCTION {author.sort} +{ author empty$ + { key empty$ + { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { key sortify } + if$ + } + { author sort.format.names } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {author.editor.sort} +{ author empty$ + { editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { key sortify } + if$ + } + { editor sort.format.names } + if$ + } + { author sort.format.names } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {editor.sort} +{ editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { key sortify } + if$ + } + { editor sort.format.names } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {presort} +{ calc.label + label sortify + " " + * + type$ "book" = + type$ "inbook" = + or + 'author.editor.sort + { type$ "proceedings" = + 'editor.sort + 'author.sort + if$ + } + if$ + #1 entry.max$ substring$ + 'sort.label := + sort.label + * + " " + * + title field.or.null + sort.format.title + * + #1 entry.max$ substring$ + 'sort.key$ := +} + +ITERATE {presort} +SORT +STRINGS { last.label next.extra } +INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label } +FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff} +{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label := + "" 'next.extra := + #0 'last.extra.num := + #0 'number.label := +} +FUNCTION {forward.pass} +{ last.label label = + { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num := + last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label := + } + { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num := + "" 'extra.label := + label 'last.label := + } + if$ + number.label #1 + 'number.label := +} +FUNCTION {reverse.pass} +{ next.extra "b" = + { "a" 'extra.label := } + 'skip$ + if$ + extra.label 'next.extra := + extra.label + duplicate$ empty$ + 'skip$ +% { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * } + { "" swap$ * "" * } + if$ + 'extra.label := + label extra.label * 'label := +} +EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff} +ITERATE {forward.pass} +REVERSE {reverse.pass} +FUNCTION {bib.sort.order} +{ sort.label + " " + * + year field.or.null sortify + * + " " + * + title field.or.null + sort.format.title + * + #1 entry.max$ substring$ + 'sort.key$ := +} +ITERATE {bib.sort.order} +SORT +FUNCTION {begin.bib} +{ preamble$ empty$ + 'skip$ + { preamble$ write$ newline$ } + if$ + "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" * + write$ newline$ + "\expandafter\ifx\csname natexlab\endcsname\relax\def\natexlab#1{#1}\fi" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\href}[2]{#2}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\path}[1]{#1}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\DOIprefix}{doi:}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\ArXivprefix}{arXiv:}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\URLprefix}{URL: }" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\Pubmedprefix}{pmid:}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\doi}[1]{\href{http://dx.doi.org/#1}{\path{#1}}}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\Pubmed}[1]{\href{pmid:#1}{\path{#1}}}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}" + write$ newline$ + "\ifx\xfnm\relax \def\xfnm[#1]{\unskip,\space#1}\fi" + write$ newline$ +} +EXECUTE {begin.bib} +EXECUTE {init.state.consts} +EXECUTE {init.web.variables} +ITERATE {call.type$} +FUNCTION {end.bib} +{ newline$ + "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ +} +EXECUTE {end.bib} +%% End of customized bst file +%% +%% End of file `elsarticle-harv.bst'. +%% +%% Change log: +%% ----------- +%% 22.04.2011 +%% +%% 10.08.2012 +%% a. doi, url, eprint, pmid added +%% b. Bibtype `webpage' defined +%% +%% 30.08.2012 +%% a. collaboration added. +%% + + diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsarticle-num-names.bst b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsarticle-num-names.bst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..562466a --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsarticle-num-names.bst @@ -0,0 +1,1535 @@ +%% +%% This is file `elsarticle-num-names.bst' (Version 2.1), +%% +%% Copyright 2009-2020 Elsevier Ltd +%% +%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'. +%% --------------------------------------------- +%% +%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public +%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any +%% later version. The latest version of this license is in +%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +%% version 1999/12/01 or later. +%% +%% $Id: elsarticle-num-names.bst 194 2020-11-23 11:29:27Z rishi $ +%% +%% $URL: https://lenova.river-valley.com/svn/elsarticle/trunk/elsarticle-num-names.bst $ +%% +%% + +ENTRY + { address + author + booktitle + chapter + collaboration + edition + editor + howpublished + institution + journal + key + month + note + number + organization + pages + publisher + school + series + title + type + volume + year + url + doi + eprint + pubmed + } + {} + { label extra.label sort.label short.list } + +INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block } + +STRINGS { urlprefix doiprefix eprintprefix pubmedprefix } + +FUNCTION {init.web.variables} +{ + "\URLprefix " 'urlprefix := + "\DOIprefix" 'doiprefix := + "\ArXivprefix " 'eprintprefix := + "\Pubmedprefix " 'pubmedprefix := +} + +FUNCTION {init.state.consts} +{ #0 'before.all := + #1 'mid.sentence := + #2 'after.sentence := + #3 'after.block := +} +STRINGS { s t} +FUNCTION {output.nonnull} +{ 's := + output.state mid.sentence = + { ", " * write$ } + { output.state after.block = +% { add.period$ write$ + { ", " * write$ + newline$ + "\newblock " write$ + } + { output.state before.all = + 'write$ + { add.period$ " " * write$ } + if$ + } + if$ + mid.sentence 'output.state := + } + if$ + s +} +FUNCTION {output} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + 'pop$ + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} +FUNCTION {output.check} +{ 't := + duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ } + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} +FUNCTION {fin.entry} +{ add.period$ + write$ + newline$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.block} +{ output.state before.all = + 'skip$ + { after.block 'output.state := } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {new.sentence} +{ output.state after.block = + 'skip$ + { output.state before.all = + 'skip$ + { after.sentence 'output.state := } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {add.blank} +{ " " * before.all 'output.state := +} + +FUNCTION {date.block} +{ + skip$ +} + +FUNCTION {not} +{ { #0 } + { #1 } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {and} +{ 'skip$ + { pop$ #0 } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {or} +{ { pop$ #1 } + 'skip$ + if$ +} +FUNCTION {new.block.checkb} +{ empty$ + swap$ empty$ + and + 'skip$ + 'new.block + if$ +} +FUNCTION {field.or.null} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + 'skip$ + if$ +} +FUNCTION {emphasize} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { "\textit{" swap$ * "}" * } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix} +{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 < + { "~" } + { " " } + if$ + swap$ +} + +FUNCTION {capitalize} +{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ } + +FUNCTION {space.word} +{ " " swap$ * " " * } + % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words. + % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word. + % The language selected here is ENGLISH +FUNCTION {bbl.and} +{ "and"} + +FUNCTION {bbl.etal} +{ "et~al." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.editors} +{ "eds." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.editor} +{ "ed." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.edby} +{ "edited by" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.edition} +{ "ed." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.volume} +{ "volume" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.of} +{ "of" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.number} +{ "number" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.nr} +{ "no." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.in} +{ "in" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.pages} +{ "pp." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.page} +{ "p." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.chapter} +{ "chapter" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.techrep} +{ "Technical Report" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis} +{ "Master's thesis" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis} +{ "Ph.D. thesis" } + +MACRO {jan} {"January"} + +MACRO {feb} {"February"} + +MACRO {mar} {"March"} + +MACRO {apr} {"April"} + +MACRO {may} {"May"} + +MACRO {jun} {"June"} + +MACRO {jul} {"July"} + +MACRO {aug} {"August"} + +MACRO {sep} {"September"} + +MACRO {oct} {"October"} + +MACRO {nov} {"November"} + +MACRO {dec} {"December"} + +MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."} + +MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."} + +MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"} + +MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."} + +MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."} + +MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."} + +MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."} + +MACRO {ieeetcad} + {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."} + +MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."} + +MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"} + +MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."} + +MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."} + +MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."} + +MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."} + +MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."} + +MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."} + +MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"} + +MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."} + +MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."} + +MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."} + +FUNCTION {bibinfo.check} +{ swap$ + duplicate$ missing$ + { + pop$ pop$ + "" + } + { duplicate$ empty$ + { + swap$ pop$ + } + { swap$ + "\bibinfo{" swap$ * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn} +{ swap$ + duplicate$ missing$ + { + swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$ + "" + } + { duplicate$ empty$ + { + swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ + } + { swap$ + pop$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +STRINGS { bibinfo} +INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames } + +FUNCTION {format.names} +{ 'bibinfo := + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ { + 's := + "" 't := + #1 'nameptr := + s num.names$ 'numnames := + numnames 'namesleft := + { namesleft #0 > } + { s nameptr + "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" + format.name$ + bibinfo bibinfo.check + 't := + nameptr #1 > + { + namesleft #1 > + { ", " * t * } + { + "," * + s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" = + { 't := } + { pop$ } + if$ + t "others" = + { + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { " " * t * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + 't + if$ + nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := + namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := + } + while$ + } if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.names.ed} +{ + format.names +} +FUNCTION {format.key} +{ empty$ + { key field.or.null } + { "" } + if$ +} + +%FUNCTION {format.authors} +%{ author "author" format.names +%} + +FUNCTION {format.authors} +{ author "author" format.names + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { collaboration "collaboration" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { " (" swap$ * ")" * } + if$ + * + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor} +{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ } + +FUNCTION {format.editors} +{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + " " * + get.bbl.editor + capitalize + "(" swap$ * ")" * + * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.note} +{ + note empty$ + { "" } + { note #1 #1 substring$ + duplicate$ "{" = + 'skip$ + { output.state mid.sentence = + { "l" } + { "u" } + if$ + change.case$ + } + if$ + note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.title} +{ title + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { "t" change.case$ } + if$ + "title" bibinfo.check +} + +FUNCTION {format.full.names} +{'s := + "" 't := + #1 'nameptr := + s num.names$ 'numnames := + numnames 'namesleft := + { namesleft #0 > } + { s nameptr + "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + 't := + nameptr #1 > + { + namesleft #1 > + { ", " * t * } + { + s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" = + { 't := } + { pop$ } + if$ + t "others" = + { + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { + numnames #2 > + { "," * } + 'skip$ + if$ + bbl.and + space.word * t * + } + if$ + } + if$ + } + 't + if$ + nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := + namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full} +{ author empty$ + { editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { editor format.full.names } + if$ + } + { author format.full.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.key.full} +{ author empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { author format.full.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {editor.key.full} +{ editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { editor format.full.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {make.full.names} +{ type$ "book" = + type$ "inbook" = + or + 'author.editor.key.full + { type$ "proceedings" = + 'editor.key.full + 'author.key.full + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {output.bibitem} +{ newline$ + "\bibitem[{" write$ + label write$ + ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list = + { pop$ } + { * } + if$ + "}]{" * write$ + cite$ write$ + "}" write$ + newline$ + "" + before.all 'output.state := +} + +FUNCTION {n.dashify} +{ + 't := + "" + { t empty$ not } + { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = + { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not + { "--" * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = } + { "-" * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + while$ + } + if$ + } + { t #1 #1 substring$ * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + if$ + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {word.in} +{ bbl.in + ":" * + " " * } + +FUNCTION {format.date} +{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ + { + "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$ + pop$ "????" + } + 'skip$ + if$ + extra.label * +} +FUNCTION{format.year} +{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ + { "empty year in " cite$ * + "; set to ????" * + warning$ + pop$ "????" + } + { + } + if$ + extra.label * + " (" swap$ * ")" * +} +FUNCTION {format.btitle} +{ title "title" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {either.or.check} +{ empty$ + 'pop$ + { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.bvolume} +{ volume empty$ + { "" } + { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix + "volume" bibinfo.check * * + series "series" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$ + emphasize * } + if$ + "volume and number" number either.or.check + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.number.series} +{ volume empty$ + { number empty$ + { series field.or.null } + { series empty$ + { number "number" bibinfo.check } + { output.state mid.sentence = + { bbl.number } + { bbl.number capitalize } + if$ + number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * * + bbl.in space.word * + series "series" bibinfo.check * + } + if$ + } + if$ + } + { "" } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.edition} +{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + output.state mid.sentence = + { "l" } + { "t" } + if$ change.case$ + "edition" bibinfo.check + " " * bbl.edition * + } + if$ +} +INTEGERS { multiresult } +FUNCTION {multi.page.check} +{ 't := + #0 'multiresult := + { multiresult not + t empty$ not + and + } + { t #1 #1 substring$ + duplicate$ "-" = + swap$ duplicate$ "," = + swap$ "+" = + or or + { #1 'multiresult := } + { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } + if$ + } + while$ + multiresult +} +FUNCTION {format.pages} +{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { duplicate$ multi.page.check + { + bbl.pages swap$ + n.dashify + } + { + bbl.page swap$ + } + if$ + tie.or.space.prefix + "pages" bibinfo.check + * * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.journal.pages} +{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ pop$ format.pages } + { + " " * + swap$ + n.dashify + "pages" bibinfo.check + * + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} +{ volume field.or.null + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + "volume" bibinfo.check + } + if$ + format.year * +} + +FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages} +{ chapter empty$ + { "" } + { type empty$ + { bbl.chapter } + { type "l" change.case$ + "type" bibinfo.check + } + if$ + chapter tie.or.space.prefix + "chapter" bibinfo.check + * * + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.booktitle} +{ + booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check +} +FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle} +{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { + " " * + get.bbl.editor + capitalize + "(" swap$ * "), " * + * swap$ + * } + if$ + word.in swap$ * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.thesis.type} +{ type duplicate$ empty$ + 'pop$ + { swap$ pop$ + "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.tr.number} +{ number "number" bibinfo.check + type duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ bbl.techrep } + 'skip$ + if$ + "type" bibinfo.check + swap$ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "t" change.case$ } + { tie.or.space.prefix * * } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.article.crossref} +{ + word.in + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} +FUNCTION {format.book.crossref} +{ volume duplicate$ empty$ + { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$ + pop$ word.in + } + { bbl.volume + swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word * + } + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} +FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref} +{ + word.in + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} +FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub} +{ 't := + "" + address empty$ t empty$ and + 'skip$ + { + t empty$ + { address "address" bibinfo.check * + } + { t * + address empty$ + 'skip$ + { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.publisher.address} +{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub +} + +FUNCTION {format.organization.address} +{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub +} + +FUNCTION {print.url} + {url duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { new.sentence + urlprefix "\url{" * swap$ * "}" * + } + if$ + } + +FUNCTION {print.doi} + {doi duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { new.sentence + doiprefix "\doi{" * swap$ * "}" * + } + if$ + } + +FUNCTION {print.eprint} + {eprint duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { new.sentence + duplicate$ "\href{http://arxiv.org/abs/" swap$ * "}{{\tt arXiv:" * swap$ * "}}" * + } + if$ + } + +FUNCTION {print.pubmed} + {pubmed duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { new.sentence + pubmedprefix "\Pubmed{" * swap$ * "}" * + } + if$ + } + +FUNCTION {webpage} +{ "%Type = Webpage" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + author empty$ + { + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + } + { + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block +} + if$ + print.url output + fin.entry +} + + +FUNCTION {article} +{ "%Type = Article" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + new.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + crossref missing$ + { + journal + "journal" bibinfo.check + "journal" output.check + add.blank + format.vol.num.pages output + } + { format.article.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.journal.pages + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} +FUNCTION {book} +{ "%Type = Book" write$ + output.bibitem + author empty$ + { format.editors "author and editor" output.check + editor format.key output + } + { format.authors output.nonnull + crossref missing$ + { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ + format.btitle "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + format.edition output + format.publisher.address output + } + { + format.book.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} +FUNCTION {booklet} +{ "%Type = Booklet" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors output + author format.key output + format.title "title" output.check + howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {inbook} +{ "%Type = Inbook" write$ + output.bibitem + author empty$ + { format.editors "author and editor" output.check + editor format.key output + } + { format.authors output.nonnull + crossref missing$ + { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ + format.btitle "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + format.edition output + format.publisher.address output + } + { + format.book.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.date "year" output.check + format.pages "pages" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {incollection} +{ "%Type = Incollection" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + new.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + crossref missing$ + { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + format.edition output + format.publisher.address output + } + { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.date "year" output.check + format.pages "pages" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} +FUNCTION {inproceedings} +{ "%Type = Inproceedings" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + new.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + crossref missing$ + { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + publisher empty$ + { format.organization.address output } + { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output + format.publisher.address output + } + if$ + } + { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.date output + format.pages "pages" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} +FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings } +FUNCTION {manual} +{ "%Type = Manual" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors output + author format.key output + format.btitle "title" output.check + format.edition output + organization "organization" bibinfo.check output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {mastersthesis} +{ "%Type = Masterthesis" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.btitle + "title" output.check + bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull + school "school" bibinfo.warn output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {misc} +{ "%Type = Misc" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors output + author format.key output + format.title output + howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} +FUNCTION {phdthesis} +{ "%Type = Phdthesis" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.btitle + "title" output.check + bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull + school "school" bibinfo.warn output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {proceedings} +{ "%Type = Proceedings" write$ + output.bibitem + format.editors output + editor format.key output + format.btitle "title" output.check + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + publisher empty$ + { format.organization.address output } + { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output + format.publisher.address output + } + if$ + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {techreport} +{ "%Type = Techreport" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.btitle + "title" output.check + format.tr.number output.nonnull + institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {unpublished} +{ "%Type = Unpublished" write$ + output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + author format.key output + format.title "title" output.check + format.date "year" output.check + new.sentence + print.url output + print.doi output + print.eprint output + print.pubmed output + format.note "note" output.check + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {default.type} { misc } +READ +FUNCTION {sortify} +{ purify$ + "l" change.case$ +} +INTEGERS { len } +FUNCTION {chop.word} +{ 's := + 'len := + s #1 len substring$ = + { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ } + 's + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.lab.names} +{ 's := + "" 't := + s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + s num.names$ duplicate$ + #2 > + { pop$ + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { #2 < + 'skip$ + { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" = + { + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.key.label} +{ author empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { author format.lab.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label} +{ author empty$ + { editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { editor format.lab.names } + if$ + } + { author format.lab.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {editor.key.label} +{ editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ } + 'key + if$ + } + { editor format.lab.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {calc.short.authors} +{ type$ "book" = + type$ "inbook" = + or + 'author.editor.key.label + { type$ "proceedings" = + 'editor.key.label + 'author.key.label + if$ + } + if$ + 'short.list := +} + +FUNCTION {calc.label} +{ calc.short.authors + short.list + "(" + * + year duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "????" } + { purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ } + if$ + * + 'label := +} + +FUNCTION {sort.format.names} +{ 's := + #1 'nameptr := + "" + s num.names$ 'numnames := + numnames 'namesleft := + { namesleft #0 > } + { s nameptr + "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" + format.name$ 't := + nameptr #1 > + { + " " * + namesleft #1 = t "others" = and + { "zzzzz" * } + { t sortify * } + if$ + } + { t sortify * } + if$ + nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := + namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {sort.format.title} +{ 't := + "A " #2 + "An " #3 + "The " #4 t chop.word + chop.word + chop.word + sortify + #1 global.max$ substring$ +} +FUNCTION {author.sort} +{ author empty$ + { key empty$ + { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { key sortify } + if$ + } + { author sort.format.names } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {author.editor.sort} +{ author empty$ + { editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { key sortify } + if$ + } + { editor sort.format.names } + if$ + } + { author sort.format.names } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {editor.sort} +{ editor empty$ + { key empty$ + { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { key sortify } + if$ + } + { editor sort.format.names } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {presort} +{ calc.label + label sortify + " " + * + type$ "book" = + type$ "inbook" = + or + 'author.editor.sort + { type$ "proceedings" = + 'editor.sort + 'author.sort + if$ + } + if$ + #1 entry.max$ substring$ + 'sort.label := + sort.label + * + " " + * + title field.or.null + sort.format.title + * + #1 entry.max$ substring$ + 'sort.key$ := +} + +ITERATE {presort} +%SORT +STRINGS { last.label next.extra } +INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label } +FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff} +{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label := + "" 'next.extra := + #0 'last.extra.num := + #0 'number.label := +} +FUNCTION {forward.pass} +{ last.label label = + { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num := + last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label := + } + { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num := + "" 'extra.label := + label 'last.label := + } + if$ + number.label #1 + 'number.label := +} +FUNCTION {reverse.pass} +{ next.extra "b" = + { "a" 'extra.label := } + 'skip$ + if$ + extra.label 'next.extra := + extra.label + duplicate$ empty$ + 'skip$ + { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * } + if$ + 'extra.label := + label extra.label * 'label := +} +EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff} +ITERATE {forward.pass} +REVERSE {reverse.pass} +FUNCTION {bib.sort.order} +{ sort.label + " " + * + year field.or.null sortify + * + " " + * + title field.or.null + sort.format.title + * + #1 entry.max$ substring$ + 'sort.key$ := +} +ITERATE {bib.sort.order} +%SORT +FUNCTION {begin.bib} +{ preamble$ empty$ + 'skip$ + { preamble$ write$ newline$ } + if$ + "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" * + write$ newline$ + "\expandafter\ifx\csname natexlab\endcsname\relax\def\natexlab#1{#1}\fi" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\href}[2]{#2}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\path}[1]{#1}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\DOIprefix}{doi:}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\ArXivprefix}{arXiv:}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\URLprefix}{URL: }" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\Pubmedprefix}{pmid:}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\doi}[1]{\href{http://dx.doi.org/#1}{\path{#1}}}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\Pubmed}[1]{\href{pmid:#1}{\path{#1}}}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}" + write$ newline$ + "\ifx\xfnm\relax \def\xfnm[#1]{\unskip,\space#1}\fi" + write$ newline$ +} +EXECUTE {begin.bib} +EXECUTE {init.state.consts} +EXECUTE {init.web.variables} +ITERATE {call.type$} +FUNCTION {end.bib} +{ newline$ + "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ +} +EXECUTE {end.bib} +%% End of customized bst file +%% +%% End of file `elsarticle-num-names.bst'. +%% +%% +%% Change log: +%% ----------- +%% 22.04.2011 +%% +%% 10.08.2012 +%% a. doi, url, eprint, pmid added +%% b. Bibtype `webpage' defined +%% +%% 30.08.2012 +%% a. collaboration added. + + diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsarticle-num.bst b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsarticle-num.bst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14499bf --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsarticle-num.bst @@ -0,0 +1,1509 @@ +%% +%% This is file `elsarticle-num.bst' (Version 2.1), +%% +%% Copyright 2007-2020 Elsevier Ltd +%% +%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'. +%% --------------------------------------------- +%% +%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public +%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any +%% later version. The latest version of this license is in +%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +%% version 1999/12/01 or later. +%% +%% +%% $Id: elsarticle-num.bst 194 2020-11-23 11:29:27Z rishi $ +%% +%% $URL: https://lenova.river-valley.com/svn/elsarticle/trunk/elsarticle-num.bst $ +%% +%% ---------------------------------------- + +ENTRY + { address + author + booktitle + chapter + edition + editor + howpublished + institution + journal + key + month + note + number + organization + pages + publisher + school + series + title + type + volume + year + eprint % urlbst + doi % urlbst + url % urlbst + lastchecked % urlbst + } + {} + { label } + +INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block } + +STRINGS { urlintro eprinturl eprintprefix doiprefix doiurl openinlinelink closeinlinelink } % urlbst... +INTEGERS { hrefform inlinelinks makeinlinelink addeprints adddoiresolver } +FUNCTION {init.urlbst.variables} +{ + "Available from: " 'urlintro := % prefix before URL + "http://arxiv.org/abs/" 'eprinturl := % prefix to make URL from eprint ref + "arXiv:" 'eprintprefix := % text prefix printed before eprint ref + "https://doi.org/" 'doiurl := % prefix to make URL from DOI + "doi:" 'doiprefix := % text prefix printed before DOI ref + #1 'addeprints := % 0=no eprints; 1=include eprints + #1 'adddoiresolver := % 0=no DOI resolver; 1=include it + #2 'hrefform := % 0=no crossrefs; 1=hypertex xrefs; 2=hyperref refs + #1 'inlinelinks := % 0=URLs explicit; 1=URLs attached to titles + % the following are internal state variables, not config constants + #0 'makeinlinelink := % state variable managed by setup.inlinelink + "" 'openinlinelink := % ditto + "" 'closeinlinelink := % ditto +} +INTEGERS { + bracket.state + outside.brackets + open.brackets + within.brackets + close.brackets +} +FUNCTION {init.state.consts} +{ #0 'outside.brackets := % urlbst + #1 'open.brackets := + #2 'within.brackets := + #3 'close.brackets := + + #0 'before.all := + #1 'mid.sentence := + #2 'after.sentence := + #3 'after.block := +} + +STRINGS { s t } + +FUNCTION {output.nonnull.original} +{ 's := + output.state mid.sentence = + { ", " * write$ } + { output.state after.block = + { add.period$ write$ + newline$ + "\newblock " write$ + } + { output.state before.all = + 'write$ + { add.period$ " " * write$ } + if$ + } + if$ + mid.sentence 'output.state := + } + if$ + s +} + +FUNCTION {setup.inlinelink} +{ makeinlinelink + { hrefform #1 = % hypertex + { "\special {html: }{" * 'openinlinelink := + "\special {html:}" 'closeinlinelink := + } + { hrefform #2 = % hyperref + { "\href{" url * "}{" * 'openinlinelink := + "}" 'closeinlinelink := + } + 'skip$ + if$ % hrefform #2 = + } + if$ % hrefform #1 = + #0 'makeinlinelink := + } + 'skip$ + if$ % makeinlinelink +} +FUNCTION {add.inlinelink} +{ openinlinelink empty$ + 'skip$ + { openinlinelink swap$ * closeinlinelink * + "" 'openinlinelink := + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {output.nonnull} +{ % Save the thing we've been asked to output + 's := + % If the bracket-state is close.brackets, then add a close-bracket to + % what is currently at the top of the stack, and set bracket.state + % to outside.brackets + bracket.state close.brackets = + { "]" * + outside.brackets 'bracket.state := + } + 'skip$ + if$ + bracket.state outside.brackets = + { % We're outside all brackets -- this is the normal situation. + % Write out what's currently at the top of the stack, using the + % original output.nonnull function. + s + add.inlinelink + output.nonnull.original % invoke the original output.nonnull + } + { % Still in brackets. Add open-bracket or (continuation) comma, add the + % new text (in s) to the top of the stack, and move to the close-brackets + % state, ready for next time (unless inbrackets resets it). If we come + % into this branch, then output.state is carefully undisturbed. + bracket.state open.brackets = + { " [" * } + { ", " * } % bracket.state will be within.brackets + if$ + s * + close.brackets 'bracket.state := + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {inbrackets} +{ bracket.state close.brackets = + { within.brackets 'bracket.state := } % reset the state: not open nor closed + { open.brackets 'bracket.state := } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.lastchecked} +{ lastchecked empty$ + { "" } + { inbrackets "cited " lastchecked * } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {output} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + 'pop$ + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {output.check} +{ 't := + duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ } + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {fin.entry.original} +{ add.period$ + write$ + newline$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.block} +{ output.state before.all = + 'skip$ + { after.block 'output.state := } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.sentence} +{ output.state after.block = + 'skip$ + { output.state before.all = + 'skip$ + { after.sentence 'output.state := } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {add.blank} +{ " " * before.all 'output.state := +} + +FUNCTION {date.block} +{ + add.blank +} + +FUNCTION {not} +{ { #0 } + { #1 } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {and} +{ 'skip$ + { pop$ #0 } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {or} +{ { pop$ #1 } + 'skip$ + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.block.checka} +{ empty$ + 'skip$ + 'new.block + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.block.checkb} +{ empty$ + swap$ empty$ + and + 'skip$ + 'new.block + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka} +{ empty$ + 'skip$ + 'new.sentence + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb} +{ empty$ + swap$ empty$ + and + 'skip$ + 'new.sentence + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {field.or.null} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + 'skip$ + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {emphasize} +{ skip$ } + +FUNCTION {capitalize} +{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ } + +FUNCTION {space.word} +{ " " swap$ * " " * } + + % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words. + % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word. + % The language selected here is ENGLISH +FUNCTION {bbl.and} +{ "and"} + +FUNCTION {bbl.etal} +{ "et~al." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.editors} +{ "Eds." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.editor} +{ "Ed." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.edby} +{ "edited by" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.edition} +{ "Edition" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.volume} +{ "Vol." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.of} +{ "of" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.number} +{ "no." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.nr} +{ "no." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.in} +{ "in" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.pages} +{ "pp." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.page} +{ "p." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.chapter} +{ "Ch." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.techrep} +{ "Tech. Rep." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis} +{ "Master's thesis" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis} +{ "Ph.D. thesis" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.first} +{ "1st" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.second} +{ "2nd" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.third} +{ "3rd" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.fourth} +{ "4th" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.fifth} +{ "5th" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.st} +{ "st" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.nd} +{ "nd" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.rd} +{ "rd" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.th} +{ "th" } + +MACRO {jan} {"Jan."} + +MACRO {feb} {"Feb."} + +MACRO {mar} {"Mar."} + +MACRO {apr} {"Apr."} + +MACRO {may} {"May"} + +MACRO {jun} {"Jun."} + +MACRO {jul} {"Jul."} + +MACRO {aug} {"Aug."} + +MACRO {sep} {"Sep."} + +MACRO {oct} {"Oct."} + +MACRO {nov} {"Nov."} + +MACRO {dec} {"Dec."} + +FUNCTION {eng.ord} +{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ * + #-2 #1 substring$ "1" = + { bbl.th * } + { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ + duplicate$ "1" = + { pop$ bbl.st * } + { duplicate$ "2" = + { pop$ bbl.nd * } + { "3" = + { bbl.rd * } + { bbl.th * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."} + +MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."} + +MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"} + +MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."} + +MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."} + +MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."} + +MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."} + +MACRO {ieeetcad} + {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"} + +MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."} + +MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"} + +MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."} + +MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"} + +MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."} + +MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."} + +MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."} + +MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."} + +MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."} + +MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."} + +MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."} + +MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."} + +FUNCTION {write.url} +{ url empty$ + { skip$ } + { "\newline\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * write$ newline$ } + if$ +} + +INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames } + +FUNCTION {format.names} +{ 's := + #1 'nameptr := + s num.names$ 'numnames := + numnames 'namesleft := + { namesleft #0 > } + { s nameptr + "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ + 't := + nameptr #1 > + { + namesleft #1 > + { ", " * t * } + { + "," * + s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" = + { 't := } + { pop$ } + if$ + t "others" = + { + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { " " * t * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + 't + if$ + nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := + namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := + } + while$ +} +FUNCTION {format.names.ed} +{ format.names } +FUNCTION {format.authors} +{ author empty$ + { "" } + { author format.names } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.editors} +{ editor empty$ + { "" } + { editor format.names + editor num.names$ #1 > + { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * } + { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.in.editors} +{ editor empty$ + { "" } + { editor format.names.ed + editor num.names$ #1 > + { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * } + { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.note} +{ + note empty$ + { "" } + { note #1 #1 substring$ + duplicate$ "{" = + 'skip$ + { output.state mid.sentence = + { "l" } + { "u" } + if$ + change.case$ + } + if$ + note #2 global.max$ substring$ * + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.title} +{ title empty$ + { "" } + { title "t" change.case$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {output.bibitem.original} +{ newline$ + "\bibitem{" write$ + cite$ write$ + "}" write$ + newline$ + "" + before.all 'output.state := +} + +FUNCTION {n.dashify} +{ + 't := + "" + { t empty$ not } + { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = + { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not + { "--" * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = } + { "-" * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + while$ + } + if$ + } + { t #1 #1 substring$ * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + if$ + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {word.in} +{ bbl.in + ":" * + " " * } + +FUNCTION {format.date} +{ year empty$ + { month empty$ + { "" } + { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ + month + } + if$ + } + { month empty$ + 'year + { month " " * year * } + if$ + } + if$ + duplicate$ empty$ + 'skip$ + { + before.all 'output.state := + " (" swap$ * ")" * + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION{format.year} +{ year duplicate$ empty$ + { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" } + { "(" swap$ * ")" * } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.btitle} +{ title +} + +FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect} +{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 < + { "~" } + { " " } + if$ + swap$ * * +} + +FUNCTION {either.or.check} +{ empty$ + 'pop$ + { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.bvolume} +{ volume empty$ + { "" } + { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect + series empty$ + 'skip$ + { bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * } + if$ + "volume and number" number either.or.check + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.number.series} +{ volume empty$ + { number empty$ + { series field.or.null } + { output.state mid.sentence = + { bbl.number } + { bbl.number capitalize } + if$ + number tie.or.space.connect + series empty$ + { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ } + { bbl.in space.word * series * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + { "" } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {is.num} +{ chr.to.int$ + duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not + swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and +} + +FUNCTION {extract.num} +{ duplicate$ 't := + "" 's := + { t empty$ not } + { t #1 #1 substring$ + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + duplicate$ is.num + { s swap$ * 's := } + { pop$ "" 't := } + if$ + } + while$ + s empty$ + 'skip$ + { pop$ s } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {convert.edition} +{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's := + s "first" = s "1" = or + { bbl.first 't := } + { s "second" = s "2" = or + { bbl.second 't := } + { s "third" = s "3" = or + { bbl.third 't := } + { s "fourth" = s "4" = or + { bbl.fourth 't := } + { s "fifth" = s "5" = or + { bbl.fifth 't := } + { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num + { s eng.ord 't := } + { edition 't := } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ + t +} + +FUNCTION {format.edition} +{ edition empty$ + { "" } + { output.state mid.sentence = + { convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * } + { convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +INTEGERS { multiresult } + +FUNCTION {multi.page.check} +{ 't := + #0 'multiresult := + { multiresult not + t empty$ not + and + } + { t #1 #1 substring$ + duplicate$ "-" = + swap$ duplicate$ "," = + swap$ "+" = + or or + { #1 'multiresult := } + { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } + if$ + } + while$ + multiresult +} + +FUNCTION {format.pages} +{ pages empty$ + { "" } + { pages multi.page.check + { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect } + { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.journal.pages} +{ pages empty$ + 'skip$ + { duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ format.pages } + { + " " * + format.year * " " * + pages n.dashify * + } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} +{ + % volume field.or.null + " " + volume empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { volume * } + if$ + number empty$ + 'skip$ + { + "~(" number * ")" * * + volume empty$ + { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages} +{ chapter empty$ + { "" } + { type empty$ + { bbl.chapter } + { type "l" change.case$ } + if$ + chapter tie.or.space.connect + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle} +{ booktitle empty$ + { "" } + { editor empty$ + { word.in booktitle * } + { word.in format.in.editors * ", " * + booktitle * } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {empty.misc.check} +{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$ + month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ + and and and and and + { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ } + 'skip$ + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.thesis.type} +{ type empty$ + 'skip$ + { pop$ + type "t" change.case$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.tr.number} +{ type empty$ + { bbl.techrep } + 'type + if$ + number empty$ + { "t" change.case$ } + { number tie.or.space.connect } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.article.crossref} +{ + key empty$ + { journal empty$ + { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * + warning$ + "" + } + { word.in journal emphasize * } + if$ + } + { word.in key * " " *} + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} + +FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor} +{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + editor num.names$ duplicate$ + #2 > + { pop$ + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { #2 < + 'skip$ + { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" = + { + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { bbl.and space.word * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.book.crossref} +{ volume empty$ + { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$ + word.in + } + { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect + bbl.of space.word * + } + if$ + editor empty$ + editor field.or.null author field.or.null = + or + { key empty$ + { series empty$ + { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " * + crossref * warning$ + "" * + } + { series emphasize * } + if$ + } + { key * } + if$ + } + { format.crossref.editor * } + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} + +FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref} +{ + editor empty$ + editor field.or.null author field.or.null = + or + { key empty$ + { booktitle empty$ + { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " * + crossref * warning$ + "" + } + { word.in booktitle * } + if$ + } + { word.in key * " " *} + if$ + } + { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *} + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} + +FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub} +{ 't := + "" + year empty$ + { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ } + 'skip$ + if$ + address empty$ t empty$ and + year empty$ and + 'skip$ + { + t empty$ + { address empty$ + 'skip$ + { address * } + if$ + } + { t * + address empty$ + 'skip$ + { ", " * address * } + if$ + } + if$ + year empty$ + 'skip$ + { t empty$ address empty$ and + 'skip$ + { ", " * } + if$ + year * + } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.publisher.address} +{ publisher empty$ + { "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$ + "" + } + { publisher } + if$ + format.org.or.pub +} + +FUNCTION {format.organization.address} +{ organization empty$ + { "" } + { organization } + if$ + format.org.or.pub +} + +FUNCTION {make.href.null} +{ + pop$ +} +FUNCTION {make.href.hypertex} +{ + "\special {html: }" * swap$ * + "\special {html:}" * +} +FUNCTION {make.href.hyperref} +{ + "\href {" swap$ * "} {\path{" * swap$ * "}}" * +} +FUNCTION {make.href} +{ hrefform #2 = + 'make.href.hyperref % hrefform = 2 + { hrefform #1 = + 'make.href.hypertex % hrefform = 1 + 'make.href.null % hrefform = 0 (or anything else) + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.url} +{ inlinelinks #1 = url empty$ or + { "" } + { hrefform #1 = + { % special case -- add HyperTeX specials + urlintro "\url{" url * "}" * url make.href.hypertex * } + { urlintro "\url{" * url * "}" * } + if$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.eprint} +{ eprint empty$ + { "" } + { eprintprefix eprint * eprinturl eprint * make.href } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.doi} +{ doi empty$ + { "" } + { doiprefix doi * doiurl doi * make.href } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {output.url} +{ url empty$ + 'skip$ + { new.block + format.url output + format.lastchecked output + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {output.web.refs} +{ + new.block + output.url + addeprints eprint empty$ not and + { format.eprint output.nonnull } + 'skip$ + if$ + adddoiresolver doi empty$ not and + { format.doi output.nonnull } + 'skip$ + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {output.bibitem} +{ outside.brackets 'bracket.state := + output.bibitem.original + inlinelinks url empty$ not and + { #1 'makeinlinelink := } + { #0 'makeinlinelink := } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {fin.entry} +{ output.web.refs % urlbst + makeinlinelink % ooops, it appears we didn't have a title for inlinelink + { setup.inlinelink % add some artificial link text here, as a fallback + "[link]" output.nonnull } + 'skip$ + if$ + bracket.state close.brackets = % urlbst + { "]" * } + 'skip$ + if$ + fin.entry.original +} + +FUNCTION {webpage} +{ output.bibitem + author empty$ + { editor empty$ + 'skip$ % author and editor both optional + { format.editors output.nonnull } + if$ + } + { editor empty$ + { format.authors output.nonnull } + { "can't use both author and editor fields in " cite$ * warning$ } + if$ + } + if$ + new.block + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ + format.title "title" output.check + inbrackets "online" output + new.block + year empty$ + 'skip$ + { format.date "year" output.check } + if$ + % We don't need to output the URL details ('lastchecked' and 'url'), + % because fin.entry does that for us, using output.web.refs. The only + % reason we would want to put them here is if we were to decide that + % they should go in front of the rather miscellaneous information in 'note'. + new.block + note output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {article} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.title "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { journal + "journal" output.check + % add.blank + before.all 'output.state := + format.vol.num.pages output + } + { format.article.crossref output.nonnull + format.pages output + } + if$ + format.journal.pages + format.note output + pages empty$ + { format.date "year" output.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {book} +{ output.bibitem + author empty$ + { format.editors "author and editor" output.check + } + { format.authors output.nonnull + crossref missing$ + { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.btitle "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { format.edition output + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + format.publisher.address output + } + { + format.book.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.note output + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {booklet} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors output + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.title "title" output.check + howpublished output + address output + format.note output + format.date "year" output.check + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {inbook} +{ output.bibitem + author empty$ + { format.editors "author and editor" output.check + } + { format.authors output.nonnull + crossref missing$ + { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.btitle "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { + format.edition output + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + format.publisher.address output + format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check + } + { + format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check + format.book.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.pages "pages" output.check + format.note output + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {incollection} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.title "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check + format.edition output + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + format.publisher.address output + format.chapter.pages output + } + { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull + format.chapter.pages output + } + if$ + format.pages "pages" output.check + format.note output + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {inproceedings} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.title "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check + format.edition output + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + publisher empty$ + { format.organization.address output } + { organization output + format.publisher.address output + } + if$ + } + { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.pages "pages" output.check + format.note output + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings } + +FUNCTION {manual} +{ output.bibitem + author empty$ + { organization empty$ + 'skip$ + { organization output.nonnull + address output + } + if$ + } + { format.authors output.nonnull } + if$ + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.btitle "title" output.check + author empty$ + { organization empty$ + { + address output + } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + { + organization output + address output + } + if$ + format.edition output + format.note output + format.date "year" output.check + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {mastersthesis} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.title "title" output.check + bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull + school "school" output.check + address output + format.note output + format.date "year" output.check + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {misc} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors output + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.title output + howpublished output + format.note output + format.date "year" output.check + fin.entry + write.url + empty.misc.check +} + +FUNCTION {phdthesis} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.title "title" output.check + bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull + school "school" output.check + address output + format.note output + format.date "year" output.check + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {proceedings} +{ output.bibitem + editor empty$ + { organization output } + { format.editors output.nonnull } + if$ + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.btitle "title" output.check + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + editor empty$ + { publisher empty$ + 'skip$ + { + format.publisher.address output + } + if$ + } + { publisher empty$ + { + format.organization.address output } + { + organization output + format.publisher.address output + } + if$ + } + if$ + format.note output + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {techreport} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.title "title" output.check + format.tr.number output.nonnull + institution "institution" output.check + address output + format.note output + format.date "year" output.check + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {unpublished} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst + format.title "title" output.check + format.note "note" output.check + format.date "year" output.check + fin.entry + write.url +} + +FUNCTION {default.type} { misc } + +READ + +STRINGS { longest.label } + +INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width } + +FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label} +{ "" 'longest.label := + #1 'number.label := + #0 'longest.label.width := +} + +FUNCTION {longest.label.pass} +{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label := + number.label #1 + 'number.label := + label width$ longest.label.width > + { label 'longest.label := + label width$ 'longest.label.width := + } + 'skip$ + if$ +} + +EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label} + +ITERATE {longest.label.pass} + +FUNCTION {begin.bib} +{ preamble$ empty$ + 'skip$ + { preamble$ write$ newline$ } + if$ + "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" * + write$ newline$ + "\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax" + write$ newline$ + " \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi" + write$ newline$ + "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi" + write$ newline$ + "\expandafter\ifx\csname href\endcsname\relax" + write$ newline$ + " \def\href#1#2{#2} \def\path#1{#1}\fi" + write$ newline$ +} + +EXECUTE {begin.bib} + +EXECUTE {init.urlbst.variables} +EXECUTE {init.state.consts} + +ITERATE {call.type$} + +FUNCTION {end.bib} +{ newline$ + "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ +} + +EXECUTE {end.bib} +%% End of customized bst file +%% +%% End of file `elsarticle-num.bst'. + + diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsevier-harvard.csl b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsevier-harvard.csl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ef7b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/bib/elsevier-harvard.csl @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ + + diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/elsarticle.cls b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/elsarticle.cls new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf20bdf --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/elsarticle.cls @@ -0,0 +1,1379 @@ +%% +%% This is file `elsarticle.cls', +%% generated with the docstrip utility. +%% +%% The original source files were: +%% +%% elsarticle.dtx (with options: `class') +%% +%% Copyright 2007-2020 Elsevier Ltd +%% +%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'. +%% ------------------------------------------- +%% +%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public +%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any +%% later version. The latest version of this license is in +%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +%% version 1999/12/01 or later. +%% +%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is +%% given in the file `manifest.txt'. +%% +%% +%% +%% + \def\RCSfile{elsarticle}% + \def\RCSversion{3.3}% + \def\RCSdate{2020/11/20}% + \def\@shortjnl{\relax} + \def\@journal{Elsevier Ltd} + \def\@company{Elsevier Ltd} + \def\@issn{000-0000} + \def\@shortjid{elsarticle} +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01] +\ProvidesClass{\@shortjid}[\RCSdate, \RCSversion: \@journal] +\def\ABD{\AtBeginDocument} +\newif\ifpreprint \preprintfalse +\newif\ifnonatbib \nonatbibfalse +\newif\iflongmktitle \longmktitlefalse +\newif\ifnopreprintline \nopreprintlinefalse +\newif\ifdoubleblind \doubleblindfalse + +\newif\ifuseexplthreefunctions \useexplthreefunctionsfalse + +\IfFileExists{expl3.sty}{% + \global\useexplthreefunctionstrue% + \RequirePackage{expl3}}{} +\ifuseexplthreefunctions\relax% +\IfFileExists{xparse.sty}{\RequirePackage{xparse}}{} +\IfFileExists{etoolbox.sty}{\RequirePackage{etoolbox}}{} +\fi + +\def\@blstr{1} +\newdimen\@bls +\@bls=\baselineskip + +\def\@finalWarning{% + *****************************************************\MessageBreak + This document is typeset in the CRC style which\MessageBreak + is not suitable for submission.\MessageBreak + \MessageBreak + Please typeset again using 'preprint' option\MessageBreak + for creating PDF suitable for submission.\MessageBreak + ******************************************************\MessageBreak +} + +\DeclareOption{preprint}{\global\preprinttrue + \gdef\@blstr{1}\xdef\jtype{0}% + \AtBeginDocument{\@twosidefalse\@mparswitchfalse}} +\DeclareOption{nopreprintline}{\global\nopreprintlinetrue} +\DeclareOption{final}{\gdef\@blstr{1}\global\preprintfalse} +\DeclareOption{review}{\global\preprinttrue\gdef\@blstr{1.5}} +\DeclareOption{authoryear}{\xdef\@biboptions{round,authoryear}} +\DeclareOption{number}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}} +\DeclareOption{numbers}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}} +\DeclareOption{nonatbib}{\global\nonatbibtrue} +\DeclareOption{longtitle}{\global\longmktitletrue} +\DeclareOption{5p}{\xdef\jtype{5}\global\preprintfalse + \ExecuteOptions{twocolumn}} + \def\jtype{0} +\DeclareOption{3p}{\xdef\jtype{3}\global\preprintfalse} +\DeclareOption{1p}{\xdef\jtype{1}\global\preprintfalse + \AtBeginDocument{\@twocolumnfalse}} +\DeclareOption{times}{\IfFileExists{txfonts.sty}% + {\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage{txfonts}% + \gdef\ttdefault{cmtt}% + \let\iint\relax + \let\iiint\relax + \let\iiiint\relax + \let\idotsint\relax + \let\openbox\relax}}{\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage{times}}}} + +\DeclareOption{endfloat}{\IfFileExists{endfloat.sty} + {\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage[markers]{endfloat}}}{}} +\DeclareOption{endfloats}{\IfFileExists{endfloat.sty} + {\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage[markers]{endfloat}}}{}} +\DeclareOption{numafflabel} + {\AtBeginDocument{\def\theaffn{\arabic{affn}}}} %*% +\DeclareOption{lefttitle} + {\AtBeginDocument{\def\elsarticletitlealign{flushleft}}} %*% +\DeclareOption{centertitle} + {\AtBeginDocument{\def\elsarticletitlealign{center}}} %*% +\DeclareOption{reversenotenum} + {\AtBeginDocument{\def\theaffn{\arabic{affn}} + \def\thefnote{\alph{fnote}}}} +\DeclareOption{doubleblind}{\doubleblindtrue} + +\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,number,preprint,centertitle} +\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}} +\ProcessOptions +\LoadClass{article} +\RequirePackage{graphicx} +\let\comma\@empty +\let\tnotesep\@empty +\let\@title\@empty + +\def\useelstitle{} + +\def\title#1{\g@addto@macro\@title{#1% + \global\let\tnoteref\@gobble}% + \g@addto@macro\useelstitle{#1}} + +\def\elsLabel#1{\@bsphack\protected@write\@auxout{}% + {\string\Newlabel{#1}{\@currentlabel}}\@esphack} +\def\Newlabel#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname X@#1\endcsname{#2}} + +\def\elsRef#1{\@ifundefined{X@#1}{0}{\csname X@#1\endcsname}} + +\let\@tnotemark\@empty + +\ifdoubleblind + \def\tnotemark[#1]{} +\else + \def\tnotemark[#1]{\@for\mytmark:=#1\do{% + \expandafter\ifcase\elsRef{\mytmark}\or$^{\star}$\or + $^{,\star\star}$\fi + }% +} +\fi + +\def\tnoteref#1{\tnotemark[{#1}]} +\let\@tnotes\@empty +\newcounter{tnote} +\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{% + \stepcounter{tnote}\elsLabel{#1}% + \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or$\star$\or$\star\star$\fi}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} + +\let\@nonumnotes\@empty +\def\nonumnote#1{\g@addto@macro\@nonumnotes{% + \let\thefootnote\relax\footnotetext{#1}}} + +\newcounter{fnote} +\def\thefnote{\arabic{fnote}} +\def\fnmark[#1]{\let\comma\@empty + \def\@fnmark{\@for\@@fnmark:=#1\do{% + \edef\fnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@fnmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@fnmark}}}% + \unskip\comma\fnotenum\let\comma,}}% +} + +\def\fnref#1{\fnmark[#1]} + +\let\@fnotes\@empty\let\@fnmark\@empty +\def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{% + \refstepcounter{fnote}\elsLabel{#1}% + \def\thefootnote{\c@fnote}% + \global\setcounter{footnote}{\c@fnote}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} + +\def\cormark[#1]{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}% + \unskip\textsuperscript{\sep\ifcase\cnotenum\or + $\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hspace{-1pt}}\let\sep=,} + +\let\@cormark\@empty +\let\@cornotes\@empty +\newcounter{cnote} +\def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{% + \refstepcounter{cnote}\elsLabel{#1}% + \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or + $\ast\ast$\fi}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} + +\let\@corref\@empty +\def\corref#1{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}% + \edef\@corref{\ifcase\cnotenum\or + $\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hskip-1pt}} + +\def\resetTitleCounters{\c@cnote=0 + \c@fnote=0 \c@tnote=0 \c@footnote=0} + +\let\eadsep\@empty +\def\@elseads{} +\let\@elsuads\@empty +\let\@cormark\@empty +\def\hashchar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\~} +\def\underscorechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\_} +\def\lbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{} +\def\rbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}} + +\gdef\ead{\@ifnextchar[{\@uad}{\@ead}} +\gdef\@ead#1{\bgroup + \def\_{\underscorechar}% + \def\{{\lbracechar}% + \def~{\hashchar}% + \def\}{\rbracechar}% + \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}% + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\emailauthor + {#1}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}% + \egroup +} +\newcounter{ead} +\gdef\emailauthor#1#2{\stepcounter{ead}% + \g@addto@macro\@elseads{\raggedright% + \let\corref\@gobble\def\@@tmp{#1}% + \eadsep{\ttfamily\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\@@tmp} + (#2)\def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}% +} +\gdef\@uad[#1]#2{\bgroup + \def~{\hashchar}% + \def\_{\underscorechar}% + \def~{\hashchar}% + \def\}{\rbracechar}% + \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor} + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\urlauthor + {#2}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}% + \egroup +} +\gdef\urlauthor#1#2{\g@addto@macro\@elsuads{\let\corref\@gobble% + \def\@@tmp{#1}\raggedright\eadsep + {\ttfamily\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\@@tmp}\space(#2)% + \def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}% +} + +\def\elsauthors{} +\def\useauthors{} +\def\elsprelimauthors{} + +\def\pprinttitle{} +\let\authorsep\@empty +\let\prelimauthorsep\@empty +\let\sep\@empty +\newcounter{author} +\def\author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}} + +\newtoks\@eadauthor +\def\@@author[#1]#2{% + \g@addto@macro\elsprelimauthors{% + \prelimauthorsep#2% + \def\prelimauthorsep{\unskip,\space}}% + \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \authorsep#2\unskip\textsuperscript{%#1% + \@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{% + \edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@affmark}}}% + \unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}% + \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi + \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi + }% + \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}% + \global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty + \global\let\@fnmark\@empty}% + \@eadauthor={#2}% + \g@addto@macro\useauthors{#2; }% +} + +\def\@author#1{% + \g@addto@macro\elsprelimauthors{% + \prelimauthorsep#1% + \def\prelimauthorsep{\unskip,\space}}% + \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \upshape\authorsep#1\unskip\textsuperscript{% + \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi + \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi + }% + \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}% + \global\let\@fnmark\@empty + \global\let\@corref\@empty \global\let\sep\@empty}% + \@eadauthor={#1}% + \g@addto@macro\useauthors{#1; }% +} + +\AtBeginDocument{% + \@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{% + \expandafter\gdef\csname Hy@title\endcsname{\useelstitle}% + \expandafter\gdef\csname Hy@author\endcsname{\useauthors}% + }{} +} + +\def\elsaddress{} +\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt} + +\def\@alph#1{% + \ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or j\or k\or + l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or + y\or z% + \or aa\or ab\or ac\or ad\or ae\or af\or ag\or ah\or ai\or aj\or + ak\or al\or am\or an\or ao\or ap\or aq\or ar\or as\or at\or au\or + av\or aw\or ax\or ay\or az% + \or ba\or bb\or bc\or bd\or be\or bf\or bg\or bh\or bi\or bj\or + bk\or bl\or bm\or bn\or bo\or bp\or bq\or br\or bs\or bt\or bu\or + bv\or bw\or bx\or by\or bz% + \or ca\or cb\or cc\or cd\or ce\or cf\or cg\or ch\or ci\or cj\or + ck\or cl\or cm\or cn\or co\or cp\or cq\or cr\or cs\or ct\or cu\or + cv\or cw\or cx\or cy\or cz% + \or da\or db\or dc\or dd\or de\or df\or dg\or dh\or di\or dj\or + dk\or dl\or dm\or dn\or do\or dp\or dq\or dr\or ds\or dt\or du\or + dv\or dw\or dx\or dy\or dz% + \or ea\or eb\or ec\or ed\or ee\or ef\or eg\or eh\or ei\or ej\or + ek\or el\or em\or en\or eo\or ep\or eq\or er\or es\or et\or eu\or + ev\or ew\or ex\or ey\or ez% + \or fa\or fb\or fc\or fd\or fe\or ff\or fg\or fh\or fi\or fj\or + fk\or fl\or fm\or fn\or fo\or fp\or fq\or fr\or fs\or ft\or fu\or + fv\or fw\or fx\or fy\or fz% + \or ga\or gb\or gc\or gd\or ge\or gf\or gg\or gh\or gi\or gj\or + gk\or gl\or gm\or gn\or go\or gp\or gq\or gr\or gs\or gt\or gu\or + gv\or gw\or gx\or gy\or gz% + \else\@ctrerr\fi} + +\newcounter{affn} +\renewcommand\theaffn{\alph{affn}} + +\ifuseexplthreefunctions\relax% + \ExplSyntaxOn + \def\ca_affitem_postskip{\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces} + %%Author Address + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_organization { O{,} m } + { + % #2 #1\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces + \csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip } + } + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_postal_code { O{,} m } + { + % #2 #1\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces + \csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip } + } + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_aff_city { O{,} m } + { + % #2 #1\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces + \csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip } + } + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_address_line { O{,}m } + { + % #2 #1\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces + \csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip } + } + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_state { O{,} m } + { + % #2 #1\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces + \csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip } + } + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_country { O{ } m } + { + % #2 #1 + \csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1 } + } + + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_organization { O{,} m } + { + #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip + } + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_postal_code { O{,} m } + { + #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip + } + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_aff_city { O{,} m } + { + #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip + } + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_aff_address_line { O{,}m } + { + #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip + } + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_state { O{,} m } + { + #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip + } + \DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_country { O{ } m } + { + #2 #1 + } + + \keys_define:nn { stm / affiliation } + { + op .tl_set_x:N = \l_organization_punc_tl, + oraganizationsep .tl_set_x:N = \l_organization_punc_tl, + ap .tl_set_x:N = \l_address_line_punc_tl, + addresslinesep .tl_set_x:N = \l_address_line_punc_tl, + cp .tl_set_x:N = \l_city_punc_tl, + citysep .tl_set_x:N = \l_city_punc_tl, + pp .tl_set_x:N = \l_postal_code_punc_tl, + postcodesep .tl_set_x:N = \l_postal_code_punc_tl, + sp .tl_set_x:N = \l_state_punc_tl, + statesep .tl_set_x:N = \l_state_punc_tl, + o .code:n = { \ca_organization[\l_organization_punc_tl]{#1} }, + organization .code:n = { \ca_organization[\l_organization_punc_tl]{#1} }, + a .code:n = { \ca_address_line[\l_address_line_punc_tl]{#1} }, + addressline .code:n = { \ca_address_line[\l_address_line_punc_tl]{#1} }, + c .code:n = { \ca_aff_city[\l_city_punc_tl]{#1} }, + city .code:n = { \ca_aff_city[\l_city_punc_tl]{#1} }, + p .code:n = { \ca_postal_code[\l_postal_code_punc_tl]{#1} }, + postcode .code:n = { \ca_postal_code[\l_postal_code_punc_tl]{#1} }, + s .code:n = { \ca_state[\l_state_punc_tl]{#1} }, + state .code:n = { \ca_state[\l_state_punc_tl]{#1} }, + orp .tl_set_x:N = \l_organization_punc_tl, + adp .tl_set_x:N = \l_address_line_punc_tl, + cip .tl_set_x:N = \l_city_punc_tl, + pcp .tl_set_x:N = \l_postal_code_punc_tl, + stp .tl_set_x:N = \l_state_punc_tl, + cyp .tl_set_x:N = \l_country_punc_tl, + or .code:n = { \ca_organization[\l_organization_punc_tl]{#1} }, + ad .code:n = { \ca_address_line[\l_address_line_punc_tl]{#1} }, + ci .code:n = { \ca_aff_city[\l_city_punc_tl]{#1} }, + pc .code:n = { \ca_postal_code[\l_postal_code_punc_tl]{#1} }, + st .code:n = { \ca_state[\l_state_punc_tl]{#1} }, + cy .code:n = { \ca_country[\l_country_punc_tl]{#1} }, + country .code:n = { \ca_country[\l_country_punc_tl]{#1} }, + unknown .code:n = { + \ifstrempty { #1 } { + \csxappto { ca_affiliation_values } + { {\l_keys_key_tl}~ } + } { + \csxappto { ca_affiliation_values } + { {#1}~ } + } + } + } + + \cs_set:Npn \__reset_affiliation: + { + \tl_gset:Nn \l_organization_punc_tl { , } + \tl_gset:Nn \l_address_line_punc_tl { , } + \tl_gset:Nn \l_city_punc_tl { , } + \tl_gset:Nn \l_postal_code_punc_tl { , } + \tl_gset:Nn \l_state_punc_tl { , } + \tl_gset:Nn \l_country_punc_tl { } + } + + \DeclareDocumentCommand\affiliation{ o m }{ + \__reset_affiliation: + \csgdef { ca_affiliation_values } { } + \IfNoValueTF { #2 } + { } + { + \keys_set:nn { stm / affiliation } { #2 } + } + \csgappto{elsaddress}{ + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \refstepcounter{affn} + \xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn} + \IfNoValueTF { #1 } + { } + { \elsLabel{#1} } + \textsuperscript{\theaffn}} + \csxappto{elsaddress}{ + \csuse { ca_affiliation_values } + \par + } + } + \ExplSyntaxOff + \else% + \def\caaffitempostskip{\space} + + \DeclareRobustCommand\caorganization[2][,]{% + \g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\capostalcode[2][,]{% + \g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\caaffcity[2][,]{% + \g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\caaddressline[2][,]{% + \g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\castate[2][,]{% + \g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\cacountry[2][,]{% + \g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\castmorganization[2][,]{% + #2#1\caaffitempostskip% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\castmpostalcode[2][,]{% + #2#1\caaffitempostskip% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\castmaffcity[2][,]{% + #2#1\caaffitempostskip% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\castmaddressline[2][,]{% + #2#1\caaffitempostskip% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\castmstate[2][,]{% + #2#1\caaffitempostskip% + } + \DeclareRobustCommand\castmcountry[2][,]{% + #2#1\caaffitempostskip% + } + + \define@key{affiliation}{op}{\xdef\@organizationpunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{orp}{\xdef\@organizationpunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{organizationsep}{\xdef\@organizationpunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{ap}{\xdef\@addresslinepunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{adp}{\xdef\@addresslinepunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{addresslinesep}{\xdef\@addresslinepunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{cp}{\xdef\@citypunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{cip}{\xdef\@citypunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{cyp}{\xdef\@countrypunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{citysep}{\xdef\@citypunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{pp}{\xdef\@postcodepunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{pop}{\xdef\@postcodepunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{postcodesep}{\xdef\@postcodepunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{sp}{\xdef\@statepunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{stp}{\xdef\@statepunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{statesep}{\xdef\@statepunc{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{countrysep}{\xdef\@countrypunc{#1}} + + \define@key{affiliation}{organization}{% + \caorganization[\@organizationpunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{addressline}{% + \caaddressline[\@addresslinepunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{city}{% + \caaffcity[\@citypunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{postcode}{% + \capostalcode[\@postcodepunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{state}{% + \castate[\@statepunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{or}{% + \caorganization[\@organizationpunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{ad}{% + \caaddressline[\@addresslinepunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{ci}{% + \caaffcity[\@citypunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{po}{% + \capostalcode[\@postcodepunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{st}{% + \castate[\@statepunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{o}{% + \caorganization[\@organizationpunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{a}{% + \caaddressline[\@addresslinepunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{c}{% + \cacity[\@citypunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{p}{% + \capostcode[\@postcodepunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{s}{% + \castate[\@statepunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{cy}{% + \cacountry[\@countrypunc]{#1}} + \define@key{affiliation}{country}{% + \cacountry[\@countrypunc]{#1}} + + \gdef\@resetaffiliation{% + \gdef\@organizationpunc{,}% + \gdef\@addresslinepunc{,}% + \gdef\@citypunc{,}% + \gdef\@statepunc{,}% + \gdef\@postcodepunc{,}% + \gdef\@countrypunc{}% + } + + \def\affiliation{\@ifnextchar[{\@@affiliation}{\@affiliation}} + + \newcommand*{\newstmrobustcmd}{} + \protected\def\newstmrobustcmd{\@star@or@long\stmetb@new@command} + + \def\stmetb@new@command#1{\@testopt{\stmetb@newcommand#1}0} + + \def\stmetb@newcommand#1[#2]{% + \@ifnextchar[%] + {\stmetb@xargdef#1[#2]} + {\ifx\l@ngrel@x\relax + \let\l@ngrel@x\protected + \else + \protected\def\l@ngrel@x{\protected\long}% + \fi + \@argdef#1[#2]}} + + \long\def\stmetb@xargdef#1[#2][#3]#4{% + \@ifdefinable#1{% + \expandafter\protected + \expandafter\def + \expandafter#1% + \expandafter{% + \expandafter\@testopt + \csname\string#1\endcsname{#3}}% + \expandafter\@yargdef\csname\string#1\endcsname\tw@{#2}{#4}}} + % + \newcommand{\ifstmundef}[1]{% + \ifdefined#1% + \ifx#1\relax + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\@firstoftwo + \else + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\@secondoftwo + \fi + \else + \expandafter\@firstoftwo + \fi} + \newcommand{\stmexpandonce}[1]{% + \unexpanded\expandafter{#1}} + \newstmrobustcmd{\gstmappto}[2]{% + \ifundef{#1} + {\xdef#1{\unexpanded{#2}}} + {\xdef#1{\stmexpandonce#1\unexpanded{#2}}}} + \newstmrobustcmd{\xstmappto}[2]{% + \ifstmundef{#1} + {\xdef#1{#2}} + {\xdef#1{\stmexpandonce#1#2}}} + + \long\def\@@affiliation[#1]#2{% + \@resetaffiliation% + \gdef\caaffiliationvalues{}% + \elsLabel{#1}% + \setkeys{affiliation}{#2}% + \g@addto@macro\elsaddress{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \refstepcounter{affn}% + \xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn}% + \elsLabel{#1}% + \textsuperscript{\theaffn}} + \xstmappto\elsaddress{\caaffiliationvalues\par}} + + \long\def\@affiliation#1{% + \@resetaffiliation% + \gdef\caaffiliationvalues{}% + \setkeys{affiliation}{#1}% + \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}}% + \xstmappto\elsaddress{\caaffiliationvalues\par}} +\fi + +\def\address{\@ifnextchar[{\@@address}{\@address}} + +\long\def\@@address[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsaddress{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \refstepcounter{affn} + \xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn} + \elsLabel{#1}% + \textsuperscript{\theaffn}#2\par}} + +\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}% + \def\authorsep{\par\vskip8pt}}} + +\newbox\absbox +\let\@elsarticleabstitle\@empty %*% +\def\abstracttitle#1{\gdef\@elsarticleabstitle{#1}} %*% +\abstracttitle{Abstract} %*% +\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup + \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}% + \noindent\unskip\textbf{\@elsarticleabstitle} %*% + \par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces} + {\egroup} + +\newbox\elsarticlehighlightsbox +\newbox\elsarticlegrabsbox +\def\@elsarticlehighlightstitle{Highlights} +\def\@elsarticlegrabstitle{Graphical Abstract} +\newif\ifelsprelimpagegrabs\global\elsprelimpagegrabsfalse +\newif\ifelsprelimpagehl\global\elsprelimpagehlfalse +\def\elsarticleprelims{% + \ifelsprelimpagegrabs\relax% + \thispagestyle{empty}% + \unvbox\elsarticlegrabsbox% + \pagebreak\clearpage% + \fi% + \ifelsprelimpagehl\relax% + \thispagestyle{empty} + \unvbox\elsarticlehighlightsbox% + \pagebreak\clearpage% + \setcounter{page}{1}% + \fi% +} +\newenvironment{highlights}{% + \global\elsprelimpagehltrue% + \global\setbox\elsarticlehighlightsbox=\vbox\bgroup + \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}% + \noindent\unskip{\Large\@elsarticlehighlightstitle}%*% + \par\vskip12pt\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces\textbf{\@title}% + \ifx\elsprelimauthors\@empty\relax\else% + \par\vskip6pt\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces\elsprelimauthors% + \fi% + \par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces + \begin{itemize} + } + {\end{itemize} + \egroup} +\newenvironment{graphicalabstract}{% + \global\elsprelimpagegrabstrue% + \global\setbox\elsarticlegrabsbox=\vbox\bgroup + \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}% + \noindent\unskip{\Large\@elsarticlegrabstitle}%*% + \par\vskip12pt\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces\textbf{\@title}% + \ifx\elsprelimauthors\@empty\relax\else% + \par\vskip6pt\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces\elsprelimauthors% + \fi% + \par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces} + {\egroup} + +\newbox\keybox +\let\@elsarticlekwdtitle\@empty %*% +\def\keywordtitle#1{\gdef\@elsarticlekwdtitle{#1}} %*% +\def\keywordtitlesep#1{\gdef\@elsarticlekeywordtitlesep{#1}} %*% +\keywordtitle{Keywords} %*% +\keywordtitlesep{:\ } +\def\keyword{% + \def\sep{\unskip, }% + \def\MSC{\@ifnextchar[{\@MSC}{\@MSC[2000]}} + \def\@MSC[##1]{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it ##1~MSC:\space}}% + \def\PACS{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it PACS:\space}}% + \def\JEL{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it JEL:\space}}% + \global\setbox\keybox=\vbox\bgroup\hsize=\textwidth + \normalsize\normalfont\def\baselinestretch{1} + \parskip\z@ + \noindent\textit{\@elsarticlekwdtitle\@elsarticlekeywordtitlesep} + \raggedright % Keywords are not justified. + \ignorespaces} +\def\endkeyword{\par \egroup} + +\newdimen\Columnwidth +\Columnwidth=\columnwidth + +\def\printFirstPageNotes{% + \iflongmktitle + \let\columnwidth=\textwidth + \fi +\ifdoubleblind +\else + \ifx\@tnotes\@empty\else\@tnotes\fi + \ifx\@nonumnotes\@empty\else\@nonumnotes\fi + \ifx\@cornotes\@empty\else\@cornotes\fi + \ifx\@elseads\@empty\relax\else + \let\thefootnote\relax + \footnotetext{\ifnum\theead=1\relax + \textit{Email address:\space}\else + \textit{Email addresses:\space}\fi + \@elseads}\fi + \ifx\@elsuads\@empty\relax\else + \let\thefootnote\relax + \footnotetext{\textit{URL:\space}% + \@elsuads}\fi +\fi + \ifx\@fnotes\@empty\else\@fnotes\fi + \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn + \let\columnwidth=\Columnwidth\fi\fi +} + +%% Pushing text to begin on newpage %*% +\def\newpage@after@title{title} +\def\newpage@after@author{author} +\def\newpage@after@abstract{abstract} +\def\newpageafter#1% + {\gdef\@elsarticlenewpageafter{#1}} + +\long\def\pprintMaketitle{\clearpage + \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn\let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi\fi + \resetTitleCounters + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \printFirstPageNotes + \begin{\elsarticletitlealign}% + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt% + \ifx\@elsarticlenewpageafter\newpage@after@title% %*% + \newpage + \fi% + \ifdoubleblind + \vspace*{2pc} + \else + \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt + \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt + \fi + \ifx\@elsarticlenewpageafter\newpage@after@author% %*% + \newpage + \fi% + \hrule\vskip12pt + \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi + \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi + \hrule\vskip12pt + \ifx\@elsarticlenewpageafter\newpage@after@abstract% %*% + \newpage + \fi% + \end{\elsarticletitlealign}% + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}% + } + +\def\printWarning{% + \mbox{}\par\vfill\par\bgroup + \fboxsep12pt\fboxrule1pt + \hspace*{.18\textwidth} + \fcolorbox{gray50}{gray10}{\box\warnbox} + \egroup\par\vfill\thispagestyle{empty} + \setcounter{page}{0} + \clearpage} + +\long\def\finalMaketitle{% + \resetTitleCounters + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \MaketitleBox + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}% + } + +\long\def\MaketitleBox{% + \resetTitleCounters + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \begin{\elsarticletitlealign}% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt + \ifdoubleblind + \vspace*{2pc} + \else + \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt + \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt + \fi + \hrule\vskip12pt + \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi + \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi + \hrule\vskip12pt + \end{\elsarticletitlealign}% +} + +\def\FNtext#1{\par\bgroup\footnotesize#1\egroup} +\newdimen\space@left +\def\alarm#1{\typeout{******************************}% + \typeout{#1}% + \typeout{******************************}% +} + +\def\titlespancalculator#1#2#3#4{% + % break count + \@tempcnta=#4\relax% + % pagebreakcount increment + \advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax% + % title page height + \@tempdima=#1\relax% + % Page height - title page notes height (only for first break) + % Page height - textheight (for remaining breaks) + % Page height - title page notes height + \@tempdimb=#2\relax% + % Remaining title page height + \advance\@tempdima -\the\@tempdimb% + % Checks if remaining title page + % height less than textheight + \ifdim\the\@tempdima>#3\relax% + \titlespancalculator% + {\the\@tempdima}{#3}{#3}{\the\@tempcnta}%Break again + \else% + % Save break count and exit. + \xdef\savetitlepagespan{\the\@tempcnta}% + \fi% +}% + +\long\def\myfor#1#2#3{% + \@tempcnta=#1\relax% + \ifnum#1<#2\relax% + \advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax% + #3% + \myfor{\the\@tempcnta}{#2}{#3}% + \fi} + +\long\def\getSpaceLeft{%\global\@twocolumnfalse% + \global\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth\MaketitleBox}% + \global\setbox1=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth + \let\footnotetext\FNtext + \printFirstPageNotes}% + \xdef\noteheight{\the\ht1}% + \xdef\titleheight{\the\ht0}% + \@tempdima=\vsize + \advance\@tempdima-\noteheight + \advance\@tempdima-1\baselineskip + \xdef\savefpageheight{\the\@tempdima}% + \setbox2=\vbox{\titlespancalculator{\titleheight}% + {\savefpageheight}{\textheight}{0}}% +} + + \skip\footins=24pt + +\newbox\els@boxa +\newbox\els@boxb + +\ifpreprint + \def\maketitle{\elsarticleprelims\pprintMaketitle} + \else + \ifnum\jtype=1 + \def\maketitle{% + \elsarticleprelims% + \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft + \ifdim\noteheight>0pt% + \advance\@tempdima-1.35\baselineskip + \fi% + \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima + \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \printFirstPageNotes + \ifnum\savetitlepagespan>1\relax% + \myfor{2}{\savetitlepagespan}{% + \global\setbox\els@boxb=\vsplit0 to \textheight%\@tempdima + \box\els@boxb} + \else% + \fi% + \box0% + \else + \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes + \fi + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}% + \else + \ifnum\jtype=5 + \def\maketitle{% + \elsarticleprelims% + \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft + \ifdim\noteheight>0pt% + \advance\@tempdima-1.35\baselineskip + \fi% + \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima + \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \printFirstPageNotes + \ifnum\savetitlepagespan>1\relax% + \myfor{2}{\savetitlepagespan}{% + \global\setbox\els@boxb=\vsplit0 to \textheight%\@tempdima + \twocolumn[\box\els@boxb]} + \else% + \fi% + \twocolumn[\box0]%\printFirstPageNotes + \else + \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes + \fi + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}} + \else + \if@twocolumn + \def\maketitle{% + \elsarticleprelims% + \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft + \ifdim\noteheight>0pt% + \advance\@tempdima-1.35\baselineskip + \fi% + \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima + \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \printFirstPageNotes + \ifnum\savetitlepagespan>1\relax% + \myfor{2}{\savetitlepagespan}{% + \global\setbox\els@boxb=\vsplit0 to \textheight%\@tempdima + \twocolumn[\box\els@boxb]} + \else% + \fi% + \twocolumn[\box0]% + \else + \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes + \fi + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}% + \else + \def\maketitle{% + \elsarticleprelims% + \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft + \ifdim\noteheight>0pt% + \advance\@tempdima-1.35\baselineskip + \fi% + \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima + \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \printFirstPageNotes + \ifnum\savetitlepagespan>1\relax% + \myfor{2}{\savetitlepagespan}{% + \global\setbox\els@boxb=\vsplit0 to \textheight%\@tempdima + \box\els@boxb} + \else% + \fi% + \box0% + \else + \elsarticleprelims% + \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes + \fi + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}% + \fi + \fi + \fi +\fi + +\let\@elsarticlemyfooter\@empty +\let\@elsarticlemyfooteralign\@empty +\def\@elsarticlemyfooteralignleft{L} +\def\@elsarticlemyfooteralignright{R} +\def\@elsarticlemyfooteraligncenter{C} + +\def\myfooter[#1]#2 %*% + {\gdef\@elsarticlemyfooteralign{#1} + \gdef\@elsarticlemyfooter{#2}} + +\def\myfooterfont#1{\gdef\@myfooterfont{#1}} +\myfooterfont{\footnotesize\itshape} +\def\ps@pprintTitle{% + \let\@oddhead\@empty + \let\@evenhead\@empty + \def\@oddfoot + {\hbox to \textwidth% + {\ifnopreprintline\relax\else + \@myfooterfont% + \ifx\@elsarticlemyfooteralign\@elsarticlemyfooteraligncenter% + \hfil\@elsarticlemyfooter\hfil% + \else% + \ifx\@elsarticlemyfooteralign\@elsarticlemyfooteralignleft% + \@elsarticlemyfooter\hfill{}% + \else% + \ifx\@elsarticlemyfooteralign\@elsarticlemyfooteralignright% + {}\hfill\@elsarticlemyfooter% + \else% + Preprint submitted to \ifx\@journal\@empty% + Elsevier% + \else\@journal\fi\hfill\@date\fi% + \fi% + \fi% + \fi% + } + }% + \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot} +\def\@seccntDot{.} +\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\@seccntDot\hskip 0.5em} + +\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% + {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}} +\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% + {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {3\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}} +\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% + {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {\p@}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}} + +\def\paragraph{\secdef{\els@aparagraph}{\els@bparagraph}} +\def\els@aparagraph[#1]#2{\elsparagraph[#1]{#2.}} +\def\els@bparagraph#1{\elsparagraph*{#1.}} + +\newcommand\elsparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{0\z@}% + {10\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {-6\p@}% + {\normalfont\itshape}} +\newdimen\leftMargin +\leftMargin=2em +\newtoks\@enLab %\newtoks\@enfont +\def\@enQmark{?} +\def\@enLabel#1#2{% + \edef\@enThe{\noexpand#1{\@enumctr}}% + \@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname}% + \@enloop} +\def\@enSpace{\afterassignment\@enSp@ce\let\@tempa= } +\def\@enSp@ce{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\space}\@enloop} +\def\@enGroup#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab{#1}}\@enloop} +\def\@enOther#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab#1}\@enloop} +\def\@enloop{\futurelet\@entemp\@enloop@} +\def\@enloop@{% + \ifx A\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Alph }\else + \ifx a\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\alph }\else + \ifx i\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\roman }\else + \ifx I\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Roman }\else + \ifx 1\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\arabic}\else + \ifx \@sptoken\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enSpace \else + \ifx \bgroup\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enGroup \else + \ifx \@enum@\@entemp \let\@tempa\@gobble \else + \let\@tempa\@enOther + \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi + \@tempa} +\newlength{\@sep} \newlength{\@@sep} +\setlength{\@sep}{.5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip + minus.2\baselineskip} +\setlength{\@@sep}{.1\baselineskip plus.01\baselineskip + minus.05\baselineskip} +\providecommand{\sfbc}{\rmfamily\upshape} +\providecommand{\sfn}{\rmfamily\upshape} +\def\@enfont{\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\let\@nxt\sfn \else\let\@nxt\sfbc \fi\@nxt} +\def\enumerate{% + \ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else + \advance\@enumdepth \@ne + \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\fi + \@ifnextchar[{\@@enum@}{\@enum@}} +\def\@@enum@[#1]{% + \@enLab{}\let\@enThe\@enQmark + \@enloop#1\@enum@ + \ifx\@enThe\@enQmark\@warning{The counter will not be printed.% + ^^J\space\@spaces\@spaces\@spaces The label is: \the\@enLab}\fi + \expandafter\edef\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname{\the\@enLab}% + \expandafter\let\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname\@enThe + \csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname7 + \expandafter\settowidth + \csname leftmargin\romannumeral\@enumdepth\endcsname + {\the\@enLab\hskip\labelsep}% + \@enum@} +\def\@enum@{\list{{\@enfont\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}}% + {\usecounter{\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}% + \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\topsep}{\@@sep}\else + \setlength{\topsep}{\@sep}\fi + \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}% + \else \setlength{\itemsep}{\@@sep}\fi + %\setlength\leftmargin{\leftMargin}%%%{1.8em} + \setlength{\parsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}% + \setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt} + }} + +\def\endenumerate{\par\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\addvspace{\@@sep}\else + \addvspace{\@sep}\fi \endlist} + +\def\sitem{\@noitemargtrue\@item[\@itemlabel *]} + +\def\itemize{\@ifnextchar[{\@Itemize}{\@Itemize[]}} + +\def\@Itemize[#1]{\def\next{#1}% + \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else + \advance\@itemdepth\@ne + \ifx\next\@empty\else\expandafter\def\csname + labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth\endcsname{#1}\fi% + \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}% + \expandafter\list\csname\@itemitem\endcsname + {\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}% + \fi} +\def\newdefinition#1{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@odfn{#1}}{\@ndfn{#1}}}%] +\def\@ndfn#1#2{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@xndfn{#1}{#2}}{\@yndfn{#1}{#2}}} +\def\@xndfn#1#2[#3]{% + \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]% + \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{% + \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@dfncountersep + \@dfncounter{#1}}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}} +\def\@yndfn#1#2{% + \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\@definecounter{#1}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@dfncounter{#1}}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}} +\def\@odfn#1[#2]#3{% + \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}% + {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}} + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#2}{#3}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}} +\def\@dfn#1#2{% + \refstepcounter{#1}% + \@ifnextchar[{\@ydfn{#1}{#2}}{\@xdfn{#1}{#2}}} +\def\@xdfn#1#2{% + \@begindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces} +\def\@ydfn#1#2[#3]{% + \@opargbegindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces} +\def\@dfncounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}} +\def\@dfncountersep{.} +\def\@begindefinition#1#2{\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\upshape} +\def\@opargbegindefinition#1#2#3{\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\upshape} +\def\@enddefinition{\endtrivlist} + +\def\@begintheorem#1#2{\trivlist + \let\baselinestretch\@blstr + \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\itshape} +\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\trivlist + \let\baselinestretch\@blstr + \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\itshape} + +\def\newproof#1{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@oprf{#1}}{\@nprf{#1}}} +\def\@nprf#1#2{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@xnprf{#1}{#2}}{\@ynprf{#1}{#2}}} +\def\@xnprf#1#2[#3]{% + \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]% + \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{% + \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@prfcountersep + \@prfcounter{#1}}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}} +\def\@ynprf#1#2{% + \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\@definecounter{#1}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@prfcounter{#1}}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}} +\def\@oprf#1[#2]#3{% + \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}% + {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#2}{#3}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}} +\def\@prf#1#2{% + \refstepcounter{#1}% + \@ifnextchar[{\@yprf{#1}{#2}}{\@xprf{#1}{#2}}} +\def\@xprf#1#2{% + \@beginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces} +\def\@yprf#1#2[#3]{% + \@opargbeginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces} +\def\@prfcounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}} +\def\@prfcountersep{.} +\def\@beginproof#1#2{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr + \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1.}]\rmfamily} +\def\@opargbeginproof#1#2#3{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr + \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1\ (#3).}]\rmfamily} +\def\@endproof{\endtrivlist} +\newcommand*{\qed}{\hbox{}\hfill$\Box$} + +\@ifundefined{@biboptions}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}{} +\InputIfFileExists{\jobname.spl}{}{} +\ifnonatbib\relax\else + \RequirePackage[\@biboptions]{natbib} +\fi +\newwrite\splwrite +\immediate\openout\splwrite=\jobname.spl +\def\biboptions#1{\def\next{#1}\immediate\write\splwrite{% + \string\g@addto@macro\string\@biboptions{% + ,\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\next}}} + +\let\baselinestretch=\@blstr +\ifnum\jtype=1 + \RequirePackage{geometry} + \geometry{twoside, + paperwidth=210mm, + paperheight=297mm, + textheight=562pt, + textwidth=384pt, + centering, + headheight=50pt, + headsep=12pt, + footskip=12pt, + footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt, + } + \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize + \global\bibsep=0pt + \if@twocolumn\global\@twocolumnfalse\fi +\else\ifnum\jtype=3 + \RequirePackage{geometry} + \geometry{twoside, + paperwidth=210mm, + paperheight=297mm, + textheight=622pt, + textwidth=468pt, + centering, + headheight=50pt, + headsep=12pt, + footskip=18pt, + footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt, + columnsep=2pc + } + \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize + \global\bibsep=0pt + \if@twocolumn\input{fleqn.clo}\fi +\else\ifnum\jtype=5 + \RequirePackage{geometry} + \geometry{twoside, + paperwidth=210mm, + paperheight=297mm, + textheight=682pt, + textwidth=522pt, + centering, + headheight=50pt, + headsep=12pt, + footskip=18pt, + footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt, + columnsep=18pt + }% + \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize + \global\bibsep=0pt + \input{fleqn.clo} + \global\@twocolumntrue +%% +%% End of option '5p' +%% +\fi\fi\fi +\def\journal#1{\gdef\@journal{#1}} + \let\@journal\@empty +\newenvironment{frontmatter}{}{\maketitle} + +\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{% + \vskip\abovecaptionskip\footnotesize + \sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}% + \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize + #1: #2\par + \else + \global \@minipagefalse + \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}% + \fi + \vskip\belowcaptionskip} + +\AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref} + {\def\@linkcolor{blue} + \def\@anchorcolor{blue} + \def\@citecolor{blue} + \def\@filecolor{blue} + \def\@urlcolor{blue} + \def\@menucolor{blue} + \def\@pagecolor{blue} +\begingroup + \@makeother\`% + \@makeother\=% + \edef\x{% + \edef\noexpand\x{% + \endgroup + \noexpand\toks@{% + \catcode 96=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\`\relax + \catcode 61=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\=\relax + }% + }% + \noexpand\x + }% +\x +\@makeother\` +\@makeother\= +}{}} +%% +\def\appendixname{Appendix } +\renewcommand\appendix{\par + \setcounter{section}{0}% + \setcounter{subsection}{0}% + \setcounter{equation}{0} + \gdef\thefigure{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{figure}}% + \gdef\thetable{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{table}}% + \gdef\thesection{\appendixname~\@Alph\c@section}% + \@addtoreset{equation}{section}% + \gdef\theequation{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{equation}}% + \addtocontents{toc}{\string\let\string\numberline\string\tmptocnumberline}{}{} +} + +%%%% \numberline width calculation for appendix. +\newdimen\appnamewidth +\def\tmptocnumberline#1{% + \setbox0=\hbox{\appendixname} + \appnamewidth=\wd0 + \addtolength\appnamewidth{2.5pc} + \hb@xt@\appnamewidth{#1\hfill} +} + +%% Added for work with amsrefs.sty + +\@ifpackageloaded{amsrefs}% + {} + {%\let\bibsection\relax% + \AtBeginDocument{\def\cites@b#1#2,#3{% + \begingroup[% + \toks@{\InnerCite{#2}#1}% + \ifx\@empty#3\@xp\@gobble\fi + \cites@c#3% +}}} +%% +%% Added for avoiding clash with cleveref.sty +\@ifpackageloaded{cleveref}% + {} + {\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{% + \refstepcounter{tnote}% + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thetnote}} + \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or$\star$\or$\star\star$\fi}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} +%%% + \def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{% + \refstepcounter{fnote}% + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thefnote}} + \def\thefootnote{\thefnote}% + \global\setcounter{footnote}{\c@fnote}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} +%%% + \def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{% + \refstepcounter{cnote}% + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thecnote}} + \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@cnote\or$\ast$\or + $\ast\ast$\fi}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} +} + +\def\textmarker#1#2{\textcolor{#1}{#2}}%*% +\endinput +%% +%% End of file `elsarticle.cls'. diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/elsevier.lua b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/elsevier.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7f2f4e --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/elsevier.lua @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +-- cite style constants +local kBibStyleDefault = 'number' +local kBibStyles = { 'number', 'numbername', 'authoryear' } +local kBibStyleAuthYr = 'elsarticle-harv' +local kBibStyleNumber = 'elsarticle-num' +local kBibStyleNumberName = 'elsarticle-num-names' +local kBibStyleUnknown = kBibStyleNumberName + +-- layout and style +local kFormatting = pandoc.List({ 'preprint', 'review', 'doubleblind' }) +local kModels = pandoc.List({ '1p', '3p', '5p' }) +local kLayouts = pandoc.List({ 'onecolumn', 'twocolumn' }) + + +local function setBibStyle(meta, style) + if meta['biblio-style'] == nil then + meta['biblio-style'] = style + quarto.doc.add_format_resource('bib/' .. style .. '.bst') + end +end + +local function hasClassOption(meta, option) + if meta['classoption'] == nil then + return false + end + + for i, v in ipairs(meta['classoption']) do + if v[1].text == option then + return true + end + end + return false +end + +local function addClassOption(meta, option) + if meta['classoption'] == nil then + meta['classoption'] = pandoc.List({}) + end + + if not hasClassOption(meta, option) then + meta['classoption']:insert({ pandoc.Str(option) }) + end +end + +local function printList(list) + local result = '' + local sep = '' + for i, v in ipairs(list) do + result = result .. sep .. v + sep = ', ' + end + return result +end + +local bibstyle = kBibStyleDefault + +return { + { + Meta = function(meta) + -- If citeproc is being used, switch to the proper + -- CSL file + if quarto.doc.cite_method() == 'citeproc' and meta['csl'] == nil then + meta['csl'] = quarto.utils.resolve_path('bib/elsevier-harvard.csl') + end + + if quarto.doc.is_format("pdf") then + + -- read the journal settings + local journal = meta['journal'] + local citestyle = nil + local formatting = nil + local model = nil + local layout = nil + local name = nil + + if journal ~= nil then + citestyle = journal['cite-style'] + formatting = journal['formatting'] + model = journal['model'] + layout = journal['layout'] + name = journal['name'] + end + + -- process the site style + if citestyle ~= nil then + citestyle = pandoc.utils.stringify(citestyle) + else + citestyle = kBibStyleDefault + end + + -- capture the bibstyle + bibstyle = citestyle + if citestyle == 'numbername' then + setBibStyle(meta, kBibStyleNumberName) + addClassOption(meta, 'number') + elseif citestyle == 'authoryear' then + setBibStyle(meta, kBibStyleAuthYr) + addClassOption(meta, 'authoryear') + elseif citestyle == 'number' then + setBibStyle(meta, kBibStyleNumber) + addClassOption(meta, 'number') + elseif citestyle == 'super' then + addClassOption(meta, 'super') + setBibStyle(meta, kBibStyleNumber) + else + error("Unknown journal cite-style " .. citestyle .. "\nPlease use one of " .. printList(kBibStyles)) + setBibStyle(meta, kBibStyleUnknown) + end + + -- process the layout + if formatting ~= nil then + formatting = pandoc.utils.stringify(formatting) + if kFormatting:includes(formatting) then + addClassOption(meta, formatting) + else + error("Unknown journal formatting " .. formatting .. "\nPlease use one of " .. printList(kFormatting)) + end + end + + -- process the type + if model ~= nil then + model = pandoc.utils.stringify(model) + if kModels:includes(model) then + addClassOption(meta, model) + else + error("Unknown journal model " .. model .. "\nPlease use one of " .. printList(kModels)) + end + end + + -- 5p models should be two column always + if model == '5p' and layout == nil then + layout = 'twocolumn' + end + + -- process the type + if layout ~= nil then + layout = pandoc.utils.stringify(layout) + if kLayouts:includes(layout) then + addClassOption(meta, layout) + if layout == 'twocolumn' then + quarto.doc.include_file('in-header', 'partials/_two-column-longtable.tex') + end + else + error("Unknown journal layout " .. layout .. "\nPlease use one of " .. printList(kLayouts)) + end + end + + -- process the name + if name ~= nil then + name = pandoc.utils.stringify(name) + quarto.doc.include_text('in-header', '\\journal{' .. name .. '}') + end + end + + return meta + end + }, + { + Cite = function(cite) + if bibstyle == 'number' then + -- If we are numbered, force citations into normal mode + -- as the author styles don't make sense + for i, v in ipairs(cite.citations) do + v.mode = 'NormalCitation' + end + return cite + end + end, + + } +} diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/partials/_two-column-longtable.tex b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/partials/_two-column-longtable.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ba482a --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/partials/_two-column-longtable.tex @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +\usepackage{float} +\makeatletter +\let\oldlt\longtable +\let\endoldlt\endlongtable +\def\longtable{\@ifnextchar[\longtable@i \longtable@ii} +\def\longtable@i[#1]{\begin{figure}[H] +\onecolumn +\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth} +\oldlt[#1] +} +\def\longtable@ii{\begin{figure}[H] +\onecolumn +\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth} +\oldlt +} +\def\endlongtable{\endoldlt +\end{minipage} +\twocolumn +\end{figure}} +\makeatother diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/partials/before-body.tex b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/partials/before-body.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1154182 --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/partials/before-body.tex @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + +\begin{frontmatter} +\title{$title$$if(subtitle)$ \\\large{$subtitle$} $endif$} +$for(by-author)$\author[$for(by-author.affiliations)$$it.number$$sep$,$endfor$]{$by-author.name.literal$% +$if(by-author.attributes.corresponding)$\corref{cor1}$endif$% +$if(by-author.note.text)$\fnref{fn$by-author.note.number$}$endif$} +$if(by-author.email)$ \ead{$by-author.email$} $endif$ +$endfor$ +$for(by-affiliation)$ +\affiliation[$it.number$]{organization={$it.name$$if(it.department)$, $it.department$$endif$},$if(it.address)$addressline={$it.address$}$endif$$if(it.city)$$if(it.address)$,$endif$city={$it.city$}$endif$$if(it.country)$$if(it.city)$,$elseif(it.address)$,$endif$country={$it.country$},countrysep={,}$endif$$if(it.postal-code)$$if(it.country)$,$elseif(it.city)$,$elseif(it.address)$,$endif$postcode={$it.postal-code$}$endif$,postcodesep={}} +$endfor$ + +\cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author} +$for(by-author)$ +$if(by-author.note.text)$\fntext[fn$by-author.note.number$]{$by-author.note.text$}$endif$ +$endfor$ + +$if(abstract)$ +\begin{abstract} +$abstract$ +\end{abstract} +$endif$ + +$if(journal.graphical-abstract)$\begin{graphicalabstract} +$journal.graphical-abstract$ +\end{graphicalabstract} +$endif$ + +$if(journal.highlights)$\begin{highlights} +$for(journal.highlights)$\item $it$$endfor$ +\end{highlights} +$endif$ + +$if(keywords)$ +\begin{keyword} + $for(keywords/allbutlast)$$keywords$ \sep $endfor$ + $for(keywords/last)$$keywords$$endfor$ +\end{keyword} +$endif$ +\end{frontmatter} + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/partials/title.tex b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/partials/title.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6bd0cb --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/partials/title.tex @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +\setlength{\parindent}{6pt} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/styles/elsevier.scss b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/styles/elsevier.scss new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d002b36 --- /dev/null +++ b/_extensions/quarto-journals/elsevier/styles/elsevier.scss @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +/*-- scss:defaults --*/ diff --git a/_quarto-journal.yml b/_quarto-journal.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..095f515 --- /dev/null +++ b/_quarto-journal.yml @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +project: + type: default + render: + - manuscript/article.qmd + +format: + html: + toc: true + code-fold: true + code-tools: true + embed-resources: true + fig-format: svg + link-external-icon: true + number-sections: true + reference-links: true + # FIXME: does not do intext citations correctly? + # elsevier-html: + # toc: true + # code-fold: true + # code-tools: true + # embed-resources: true + # fig-format: svg + # link-external-icon: true + # number-sections: true + # reference-links: true + docx: + filters: + - pandoc-to-zotero-live + - docx-landscape + echo: false + number-sections: true + reference-doc: data/supplementary/justified.docx + elsevier-pdf: + echo: false + number-sections: true + # see https://github.com/quarto-journals/elsevier + +journal: + name: World Development + model: 3p + formatting: review + cite-style: authoryear + highlights: + - Inequality is bad + - Some policies help against inequality + - External validity and internal validity tend to have reciprocal relationship to each other + +# execute: +# freeze: true diff --git a/_quarto-workingpaper.yml b/_quarto-workingpaper.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74e5a75 --- /dev/null +++ b/_quarto-workingpaper.yml @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +project: + render: + - manuscript/presentation_summary.md + - manuscript/notes.qmd + - manuscript/meeting_eoy.qmd + - manuscript/scoping_review.qmd + +toc: true +format: + html: + code-fold: true + code-tools: true + embed-resources: true + fig-format: svg + link-external-icon: true + number-sections: false + reference-links: true + theme: darkly + docx: + echo: false + number-sections: true + reference-doc: data/supplementary/justified.docx + filters: + - pandoc-to-zotero-live + - docx-landscape + pdf: + echo: false + number-sections: true + pdf-engine: tectonic diff --git a/_quarto.yml b/_quarto.yml index e33fec8..38f67c1 100644 --- a/_quarto.yml +++ b/_quarto.yml @@ -1,35 +1,11 @@ project: - title: "Key terms and definitions" - output-dir: 04-outputs - render: - - presentation_summary.md - - notes.qmd - - meeting_eoy.qmd - - scoping_review.qmd + output-dir: output + execute-dir: project -toc: true -format: - html: - code-fold: true - code-tools: true - embed-resources: true - fig-format: svg - link-external-icon: true - number-sections: false - reference-links: true - theme: darkly - docx: - echo: false - number-sections: true - reference-doc: 02-data/supplementary/justified.docx - filters: - - pandoc-to-zotero-live - pdf: - echo: false - number-sections: true - pdf-engine: tectonic +profile: + default: journal -bibliography: 02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib +bibliography: data/references/zotero-library.bib csl: /home/marty/documents/library/utilities/styles/APA-7.csl zoterolive: library: wow-inequalities diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Adam2018.yml b/data/extracted/Adam2018.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Adam2018.yml rename to data/extracted/Adam2018.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Adams2015.yml b/data/extracted/Adams2015.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Adams2015.yml rename to data/extracted/Adams2015.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Ahumada2023.yml b/data/extracted/Ahumada2023.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Ahumada2023.yml rename to data/extracted/Ahumada2023.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Al-Mamun2014.yml b/data/extracted/Al-Mamun2014.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Al-Mamun2014.yml rename to data/extracted/Al-Mamun2014.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Alexiou2023.yml b/data/extracted/Alexiou2023.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Alexiou2023.yml rename to data/extracted/Alexiou2023.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Alinaghi2020.yml b/data/extracted/Alinaghi2020.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Alinaghi2020.yml rename to data/extracted/Alinaghi2020.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Bailey2012.yml b/data/extracted/Bailey2012.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Bailey2012.yml rename to data/extracted/Bailey2012.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Bartha2020.yml b/data/extracted/Bartha2020.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Bartha2020.yml rename to data/extracted/Bartha2020.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Blumenberg2014.yml b/data/extracted/Blumenberg2014.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Blumenberg2014.yml rename to data/extracted/Blumenberg2014.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Broadway2020.yml b/data/extracted/Broadway2020.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Broadway2020.yml rename to data/extracted/Broadway2020.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Cardinaleschi2019.yml b/data/extracted/Cardinaleschi2019.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Cardinaleschi2019.yml rename to data/extracted/Cardinaleschi2019.yml diff --git 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data/extracted/Coutinho2006.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Davies2022.yml b/data/extracted/Davies2022.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Davies2022.yml rename to data/extracted/Davies2022.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Debowicz2014.yml b/data/extracted/Debowicz2014.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Debowicz2014.yml rename to data/extracted/Debowicz2014.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Delesalle2021.yml b/data/extracted/Delesalle2021.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Delesalle2021.yml rename to data/extracted/Delesalle2021.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Dieckhoff2015.yml b/data/extracted/Dieckhoff2015.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Dieckhoff2015.yml rename to data/extracted/Dieckhoff2015.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Dustmann2012.yml b/data/extracted/Dustmann2012.yml similarity index 98% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Dustmann2012.yml rename to data/extracted/Dustmann2012.yml index c58f616..35dcb24 100644 --- a/02-data/processed/relevant/Dustmann2012.yml +++ b/data/extracted/Dustmann2012.yml @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ group: working mothers data: national administrative Social Security Records (1975-2008) design: quasi-experimental -method: difference-in-difference analysis +method: difference-in-difference analysis; regression discontinuity sample: 13000 unit: individual representativeness: national, census diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Emigh2018.yml b/data/extracted/Emigh2018.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Emigh2018.yml rename to data/extracted/Emigh2018.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Ferguson2015.yml b/data/extracted/Ferguson2015.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/relevant/Ferguson2015.yml rename to data/extracted/Ferguson2015.yml diff --git a/02-data/processed/relevant/Field2019.yml 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02-data/processed/irrelevant/deGeus2022.DISABLED rename to data/extracted/_deGeus2022.DISABLED diff --git a/02-data/processed/extracted.csv b/data/processed/extracted.csv similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/processed/extracted.csv rename to data/processed/extracted.csv diff --git a/data/processed/prisma.mmd b/data/processed/prisma.mmd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f6c88c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/processed/prisma.mmd @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + + flowchart TD; + search_db["Records identified through database searching (n=1749)"] --> starting_sample; + search_prev["Records identified through other sources (n=2240)"] --> starting_sample["Starting sample (n=3989)"]; + + starting_sample -- "Duplicate removal (267 removed) "--> dedup["Records after duplicates removed (n=3723)"]; + + dedup -- "Title screening (1779 excluded)" --> title_screened["Records after titles screened (n=1944)"]; + + title_screened -- "Abstract screening (1506 excluded)"--> abstract_screened["Records after abstracts screened (n=438)"]; + + abstract_screened -- " Language screening (2 excluded) "--> language_screened["Records after language screened (n=436)"]; + + language_screened -- " Full-text screening (383 excluded) "--> full-text_screened["Full-text articles assessed for eligibility (n=52)"]; + diff --git a/02-data/raw/01_wos-sample_2023-11-02/wos_01.bib b/data/references/db/01_wos-sample_2023-11-02/wos_01.bib similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/raw/01_wos-sample_2023-11-02/wos_01.bib rename to data/references/db/01_wos-sample_2023-11-02/wos_01.bib diff --git a/02-data/raw/01_wos-sample_2023-11-02/wos_02.bib b/data/references/db/01_wos-sample_2023-11-02/wos_02.bib similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/raw/01_wos-sample_2023-11-02/wos_02.bib rename to data/references/db/01_wos-sample_2023-11-02/wos_02.bib diff --git a/02-data/raw/03_previous_almp/ap.bib b/data/references/db/02_previous_almp/ap.bib similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/raw/03_previous_almp/ap.bib rename 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b/data/references/snowball/vanderWal2021/references.txt similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/raw/02_snowballing-starts/vanderWal2021/references.txt rename to data/references/snowball/vanderWal2021/references.txt diff --git a/02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib b/data/references/zotero-library.bib similarity index 98% rename from 02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib rename to data/references/zotero-library.bib index 4775564..94ca096 100644 --- a/02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib +++ b/data/references/zotero-library.bib @@ -146,7 +146,6 @@ doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-8092}, abstract = {Do matching frictions affect youth employment in developing countries? This paper studies a randomized controlled trial of job fairs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The job fairs match firms with a representative sample of young, educated job-seekers. The meetings at the fairs create very few jobs: one for approximately 10 firms that attended. The paper explores reasons for this, and finds significant evidence for mismatched expectations: about wages, about firms' requirements, and the average quality of job-seekers. There is evidence of learning and updating of beliefs in the aftermath of the fair. This changes behavior: both workers and firms invest more in formal job search after the fairs.}, keywords = {country::Ethiopia,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on the effects of a job matching fair in urban Ethiopia on employment probability.\textbf{It finds that there were very few direct job matches generated from the job fair due to mismatched expectations on wages, skill requirements and the overall quality of applicants.\textbf{However, the results also suggest a learning process and updating of beliefs both on the part of workers and firms, with an accompanying increase in formal job search afterwards.}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/4SN8XILB/Abebe2017_Job_fairs.pdf} } @@ -163,7 +162,6 @@ abstract = {We conduct a randomized evaluation of two job-search support programs for urban youth in Ethiopia. One group of treated respondents receives a subsidy to cover the transport costs of job search. Another group participates in a job application workshop where their skills are certified and they are given orientation on how to make effective job applications. The two interventions are designed to lower spatial and informational barriers to employment. We find that both treatments significantly improve the quality of jobs that young jobseekers obtain. Impacts are concentrated among women and the least educated. Using rich high-frequency data from a phone survey, we are able to explore the mechanisms underlying the results; we show that while the transport subsidy increases both the intensity and the efficacy of job search, the job application workshop mainly operates through an increase in search efficacy. Both interventions mitigate the adverse effects of spatial constraints on employment outcomes, and the job application workshop alleviates informational asymmetries by helping workers to signal their ability.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Ethiopia,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on either a transport subsidy for job search or a certified job search workshop on youth in urban Ethiopia, to analyze their impacts on earnings, employment probability and job quality.\textbf{The programs have long-term positive impacts on earnings and modest but insignificant impacts on employment probability.\textbf{However, they both have significant positive impacts on job quality through an increase in formal employment and the workshop also increases permanent employment significantly, whereas the transport subsidy does so marginally.\textbf{The study suggests this is due to a reduction in both location constraints, as well as, for the workshop, an alleviation of informational asymmetries for job seekers by allowing them easier signaling of their abilities to employers (through gained skills, and certification effect).\textbf{There is a quite large heterogeneity in the results, with most effects concentrated on both the least educated and women.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/PVGTMZTF/Abebe2021_Anonymity_or_distance.pdf} } @@ -183,15 +181,6 @@ abstract = {We study how search frictions in the labor market affect firms' ability to recruit talented workers. In a field experiment in Ethiopia, we show that an employer can attract more talented applicants by offering a small monetary incentive for making a job application. Estimates from a structural model suggest that the intervention is effective because the cost of making a job application is large, and positively correlated with jobseeker ability. We provide evidence that this positive correlation is driven by dynamic selection. In a second experiment, we show that local recruiters underestimate the positive impacts of application incentives. (JEL J23, J24, J31, J64, O15)}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Ethiopia,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial in Ethiopia's Addis Ababa on the impact of offering job application subsidies on the resulting quality (and quantity) of applicants. -\par -It finds that, in general, offering a small subsidy to applicants significantly increases the job applicants pool's quality as well as quantity. -\par -The results are based on a framework of job applicant quality in which high-quality low search-cost individuals leave the pool relatively quickly, leaving equally high-ability but higher search-cost individuals stuck in the pool for longer. -\par -It suggests that the application incentive in form of a small subsidy acts to somewhat offset the search costs the job seekers are facing and thus stimulate their leaving the job seeker pool. -\par -Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced applicants.}, timestamp = {2022-04-30T11:38:48Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/3627TW4K/Abebe2021a_The_Selection_of_Talent.pdf} } @@ -212,7 +201,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl eissn = {1945-7790}, unique-id = {WOS:000545344200002}, keywords = {country::South Africa,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on the effects of utilizing reference letters for job applications in urban South Africa, analyzing the impact on employment probability.\textbf{It finds no significant impact for the overall study sample, comprised of both men and women, but a significant increase on job callbacks, job interviews and employment probability for women in the short-/medium-term.\textbf{It also finds that providing the participants with information on the advantages of attaching a reference letter to applications increases their probability of getting such a letter.\textbf{It posits that information asymmetries on the labor market hinder the correct functioning of human capital theory, whereby reference letters directly disclose skill information and have a signaling effect on employers.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z} } @@ -365,7 +353,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl abstract = {We study the interaction between job and soft skills training on expectations and labor market outcomes in the context of a youth training program in the Dominican Republic. Program applicants were randomly assigned to one of 3 modalities: a full treatment consisting of hard and soft skills training plus an internship, a partial treatment consisting of soft skills training plus an internship, or a control group. We find strong and lasting effects of the program on personal skills acquisition and expectations, but these results are markedly different for young men and young women. Shortly after completing the program, both male and female participants report increased expectations for improved employment and livelihoods. This result is reversed for male participants in the long run, a result that can be attributed to the program's negative short-run effects on labor market outcomes for males. While these effects seem to dissipate in the long run, employed men are substantially more likely to be searching for another job. On the other hand, women experience improved labor market outcomes in the short run and exhibit substantially higher levels of personal skills in the long run. These results translate into women being more optimistic, having higher self-esteem and lower fertility in the long run. Our results suggest that job-training programs of this type can be transformative -- for women, life skills mattered and made a difference, but they can also have a downside if, like in this case for men, training creates expectations that are not met.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Dominican Republic,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {At-scale randomized field experiment conducted on impacts of embedding soft skills component into vocational youth training in Dominican Republic's 'Juventud y Empleo' program for at-risk youth.\textbf{Focuses on both labor market outcomes and expectations to explain why some programs might have detrimental effects and heterogeneity between genders.\textbf{Additionally, separates vocational training and soft-skills and internship components to analyze the marginal effect vocational training has,\textbf{and carries out the analysis through its longer-term effects.\textbf{Results show that, over short-term, women had improved labor market outcomes while males did not, and in fact had worsened outcomes after vocational training.\textbf{While labor market outcome differences due to the program vanished over long-term, its different expectations did not, leading to an overall worse labor market expectation and welfare for men, better for women.\textbf{Ultimately, it sees an improved long-term skill acquisition, self-esteem generation and lowered fertility rate for women, while men had sustained negative impacts on long-term expectations and welfare.}}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/4XR6NBUK/Acevedo2017_Living_Up_to_Expectations.pdf} } @@ -450,7 +437,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl researcherid-numbers = {Acosta, Pablo Ariel/AAD-1178-2022}, unique-id = {WOS:000627634400001}, keywords = {country::El Salvador,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A national panel data analysis to analyze the effects of a public works program (PATI) on crime rates in El Salvador, \textbf{in order to provide an outcome analysis whose focus lies on potential spill over from direct earnings or employment probability effects of such policies. \textbf{A decrease in crime rates is observed in municipalities implementing a public works program, \textbf{with most of the decrease explained by income effects through cash benefits.\textbf{For non-economically motivated crimes, social capital factors --- driven through community participation and work requirements leaving less time to commit crimes --- and the main group of the program's beneficiaries being youth are potential channels.\textbf{Even though not instituted for crime prevention the program thus had significant and important on crime levels and violence in and around areas of operation.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/R2W6JQT8/Acosta2021_Public_works_programs_and_crime.pdf} } @@ -516,7 +502,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl title = {Assessing the Distributional Effects of Regulation in Developing Countries}, author = {Adams, Samuel and Atsu, Francis}, year = {2015}, - month = sep, journal = {Journal of Policy Modeling}, volume = {37}, number = {5}, @@ -631,7 +616,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl abstract = {We evaluate the causal impacts of on-the-job soft skills training on the productivity, wages, and retention of female garment workers in India. The program increased women's extraversion and communication, and spurred technical skill upgrading. Treated workers were 20 percent more productive than controls post-program. Wages rise very modestly with treatment (by 0.5 percent), with no differential turnover, suggesting that although soft skills raise workers' marginal products, labor market frictions are large enough to create a substantial wedge between productivity and wages. Consistent with this, the net return to the firm was large: 258 percent eight months after program completion.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::India,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial on the benefits of an on-the-job soft skills training for female garment workers in India.\textbf{The study finds that there are significant increases in productivity after the training program, but those do not translate into increased earnings or job retention.\textbf{The productivity increases stem from soft-skill upgrading which also furthers positive increases in technical skills, and there are spillover effects for untreated workers on the same production line.\textbf{However, the study argues the productivity increases translate to negligible effects on earnings and job retention due to market imperfections allowing most gains to be captured by the firm instead.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/4BIEWFAB/Adhvaryu2018_The_Skills_to_Pay_the_Bills.pdf} } @@ -731,7 +715,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl urldate = {2022-02-10}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Argentina,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the impacts of the youth training program 'Programa Joven', consisting of a vocational training and an on-the-job experience component (internship) on earnings and employment probability.\textbf{The training itself was supported by a subsidy on transport costs and medical checkups, books, materials, work clothing, as well as an additional subsidy for women with small children.\textbf{It finds significant positive impacts on the earnings of young men (16-21y) and adult women (21-35y), but no impacts for adult men or young women.\textbf{In looking for impacts on employment probability it finds a significant positive impact on that for adult women but none for the other groups.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T10:03:03Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/M8KRSEBT/Aedo2004_The_Impact_of_Training_Policies_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean.pdf} } @@ -774,8 +757,7 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl type = {Article}, title = {Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the {{Middle East}} and {{North Africa}}}, author = {Agenor, Pierre-Richard and Nabli, Mustapha K. and Yousef, Tarik and Jensen, Henning Tarp}, - year = {2007}, - month = mar, + year = {2007-03/2007-04}, journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING}, volume = {29}, number = {2}, @@ -902,7 +884,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl eissn = {1874-6365}, unique-id = {WOS:000480793100007}, keywords = {country::Pakistan,region::AP,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the impacts of vocational training for Afghan refugees living in Baluchistan, to analyze the effects on earnings and employment status.\textbf{Generally, it finds the outcomes of vocational training to increase the employment of the refugees, as do the earned wages for those employed.\textbf{Additionally, the study finds vocational training lead to an increase in start-up creation and, important for a minority population, also increased socio-economic cohesion.\textbf{The second stage questionnaire was undertaken after the participants had received between one and 24 months of vocational training.\textbf{There have been no attempts to go beyond the findings of the questionnaire answers itself in the study, so no evaluation can be made on the impacts outside of the participants self-perception and demographic status.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/F4HMLTMU/Ahmed2019_Impacts_of_vocational_training_for_socio-economic_development_of_afghan.pdf} } @@ -1061,7 +1042,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl orcid-numbers = {Ajefu, Joseph/0000-0001-6333-3708 Abiona, Olukorede/0000-0002-1696-4475}, unique-id = {WOS:000461483600007}, keywords = {country::India,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study using administrative data for annual rain fall statistics to evaluate the effects of the Indian employment guarantee scheme (NREGS) on its participants' labor market engagement during periods of positive and negative shocks.\textbf{It finds that during negative shocks, NREGS provided a cushioning effect on participants' households by providing a stabilizing employment opportunity.\textbf{There is an increased engagement of women during positive shocks.\textbf{During positive shocks, however, with exposure to NREGS there was a possible reduction in educational engagement for children visible, with a decrease in school enrolment for children aged 13-16 years.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/RL22FXK2/Ajefu2019_Impact_of_shocks_on_labour_and_schooling_outcomes_and_the_role_of_public_work.pdf} } @@ -1166,7 +1146,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl eissn = {1470-3637}, unique-id = {WOS:000356662000007}, keywords = {country::South Africa,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A qualitative study on the 'Expanded Public Works Programme' and specifically 'Home and Community Based Care' within it in South Africa, a public works program connected with vocational training, looking at its effectiveness of unemployment reduction and possible constraining factors.\textbf{Generally, it finds that the program has some success in reducing unemployment for low-skilled unemployed, it has lead to very minimal poverty reduction for participants' households.\textbf{Primarily the study argues this is due to the skills training provided not matching skills required on the labor market, with the learnership program not adapted to the realities of South Africa's (sectorial) labor demands.\textbf{It looks at a demand-led proposal to improve the programs by putting more emphasis on skills building and improving training quality to allow participants to subsequently secure better employment.\textbf{Especially for more middle-skill healthcare service labor demand the program is otherwise completely unsuited.\textbf{It thus argues that the public works program should be taken from a focus on short-term employment to one creating possibilities for longer-term jobs and careers.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/XPA26DS4/Akintola2015_Public_works_programme_and_primary_health_care_in_South_Africa.pdf} } @@ -1426,8 +1405,7 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl type = {{Article}}, title = {{Ex ante evaluation of the basic income in Ecuador: Effects on poverty and inequality}}, author = {Albuja Echeverria, Wilson Santiago}, - year = {2021}, - month = jul, + year = {2021-07/2021-09}, journal = {TRIMESTRE ECONOMICO}, volume = {88}, number = {351}, @@ -1445,9 +1423,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, keywords = {country::Ecuador,inequality::income,inequality::poverty,issue::language,out::full-text,region::LAC,relevant,sample::database,type::ubi}, - note = {looks at PI and inequality -\par -does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/3EV7ZM25/Albuja Echeverria_2021_Ex ante evaluation of the basic income in Ecuador.pdf} } @@ -1570,7 +1545,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, eissn = {1468-0262}, unique-id = {WOS:000590695200008}, keywords = {country::Uganda,program::training,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial study on the effects of either vocational training or an internship (as on-the-job training) and an employment subsidy on earnings, employment probability and overall skills development.\textbf{It finds that, while the subsidy had no significant impact on earnings, both types of training significantly increased employment rates, earnings and generated skill developments.\textbf{However, it also found a wide heterogeneity in the results: \textbf{Firm-provided training (through the internship) showed relatively quick results on earnings and employment which slowly dissipated after 3 years, while vocational training results increase and surpass the other training long-term.\textbf{The study suggests this is both due to an overall increased skill development for both types, but a certificate effect on the labor market for the vocational training which meant quicker job offers for the beneficiaries.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/IY32RY2T/Alfonsi2020_Tackling_youth_unemployment.pdf} } @@ -1829,7 +1803,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.018}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Argentina,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the cash grant and training portion targeted at people wanting to be self-employed under the program 'Jefes' in Argentina, trying to analyze its effects on earnings and self-employment itself.\textbf{It finds no significant positive impact on earnings of the beneficiaries but a reduced probability of holding an outside job and increased total hours worked.\textbf{There is some heterogeneity, however, with younger and more educated beneficiaries having some positive effect on earnings.\textbf{The study suggest the findings mean that participants are hanging on to alternative income sources while waiting for the earnings from their self-employment to stabilize and reinvesting any possible income gains from the self-employment activity to increase its sustainability.\textbf{Lastly, the study found that there was a self-selection mechanisms with predominantly female household heads and more educated individuals attracted to the type of program on offer in the first place.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T10:10:12Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QER3C4YM/Almeida2010_Jump-starting_Self-employment.pdf} } @@ -2058,7 +2031,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, institution = {{Office of Evaluation and Oversight, Inter-American Development Bank}}, abstract = {This paper evaluates Proyecto Joven, a training program targeted to poor young individuals in Argentina. The authors used a non-experimental evaluation methodology to answer the following set of questions: Did the program increase the probability of employment? Did it increase the probability of a formal employment? Did it increase the labor income of trainees? The methodology used is the matching estimators approach calculating first propensity scores for program participation and then the matching estimators to calculate the program impact. The impact of the program is negligible in terms of employment and income, but not in terms of formality, which was an important achievement in the case of Argentina, since labor informality was increasing economy wide and more specifically for the group targeted by Proyecto Joven.}, keywords = {country::Argentina,group::youth,inequality::age,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study using survey data for participants of an Argentinian vocational training program 'Proyecto Joven' to analyze employment probability, job quality and earnings.\textbf{Employment probability and earnings were not impacted significantly, while job quality improved significantly.\textbf{This was primarily due to a rise in formal employment through the program, specifically through the on-the-job internship and potential extended employment provided, which happened in a time of overall increasing informality on Argentina's labor market.\textbf{There was a marginally significant impact on the employment probability for women, though the results may be slightly biased due to the timing of Argentina's labor market expanding during its period of analysis.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-24T14:47:29Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/X7LAM3WB/Alzua2006_The_impact_of_training_policies_in_Argentina.pdf} } @@ -2078,7 +2050,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, abstract = {We study the effect of a job training program for low-income youth in Cordoba, Argentina. The program included life-skills and vocational training, as well as internships with private sector employers. Participants were allocated by means of a public lottery. We rely on administrative data on formal employment, employment spells, and earnings, to establish the effects of the program in the short term (18 months), but also---exceptionally for programs of this type in Latin America and in developing countries in general---in the medium term (33 months) and in the long term (48 months). The results indicate sizable gains of about 8 percentage points in formal employment in the short term (about 32\% higher than the control group), although these effects dissipate in the medium and in the long term. Contrary to previous results for similar programs in the region, the effects are substantially larger for men, although they also seem to fade in the long run. Program participants also exhibit earnings about 40\% higher than those in the control group, and an analysis of bounds indicates that these gains result from both higher employment levels and higher wages. The detailed administrative records also allow us to shed some light on the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. A dynamic analysis of employment transitions indicates that the program operated through an increase in the persistence of employment rather than from more frequent entries into employment. The earnings effect and the higher persistence of employment suggest that the program was successful in increasing the human capital of participants, although the transient nature of these results may also reflect better matches from a program-induced increase in informal contacts or formal intermediation. (JEL J08, J24, J68, O15)}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Argentina,group::youth,inequality::age,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on the 'entra21' vocational training of Argentina aimed at unemployed youth in Cordoba which analyzes its effects on earnings, employment probability and formal employment.\textbf{Generally, it finds a positive impact on formal employment and employment probability short-term which carries a larger effect for men.\textbf{The effect dissipates over the medium- (33 months) and long-term (48 months), however.\textbf{It also sees a positive effect on earnings which it puts down to a combination of higher wages and higher overall employment levels.\textbf{Due to using data from follow-up surveys after the treatment as well as long-term administrative data, the study probes deeper into possible channels of the program working.\textbf{For example, the program may not necessarily help many find a new job over time but rather have better chances of keeping their (provided internship) job, or increase their wages within it over time.\textbf{While the program is more expensive than similar programs in the region, there is still a positive cost-benefit analysis which sees losses recouped after 26 months.}}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-24T14:47:21Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/XMBXSRTE/Alzua2016_Long-run_effects_of_youth_training_programs.pdf} } @@ -2439,8 +2410,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, type = {Article}, title = {Core-Peripheral Structure and Regional Governance: {{Implications}} of Paul Krugman's New Economic Geography for Public Administration}, author = {Andrew, Simon A. and Feiock, Richard C.}, - year = {2010}, - month = may, + year = {2010-05/2010-06}, journal = {PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW}, volume = {70}, number = {3}, @@ -2492,15 +2462,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, abstract = {We use a clustered randomized trial, and over 16,000 household surveys, to estimate impacts at the community level from a group lending expansion at 110 percent APR by the largest microlender in Mexico. We find no evidence of transformative impacts on 37 outcomes (although some estimates have large confidence intervals), measured at a mean of 27 months post-expansion, across 6 domains: microentrepreneurship, income, labor supply, expenditures, social status, and subjective well-being. We also examine distributional impacts using quantile regressions, given theory and evidence regarding negative impacts from borrowing at high interest rates, but do not find strong evidence for heterogeneity. (JEL C83, D14, G21, I31, J23, O12, O16)}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Mexico,program::cash grant,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study analyzing the impacts of microcredit loans in Mexico, on the earnings and a variety of other factors of Mexican micro-entrepreneurs. -\par -It finds that, while there is no significant impact on the earnings themselves, the loans do lead to a modest increase in business growth. -\par -The authors suggest that the business growth increases both revenues and expenditures, thus not significantly increasing overall earnings. -\par -Additionally, there is a modest increase in subjective well-being and the ability for independent female decision-making. -\par -The authors conclude that, while there are modest positive outcomes, none of them prove to be transformative.}, timestamp = {2022-04-29T09:32:59Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/78BBJI2W/Angelucci2015_Microcredit_Impacts.pdf} } @@ -2694,8 +2655,7 @@ The authors conclude that, while there are modest positive outcomes, none of the usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {67}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {21st Annual Conference on European-Association-of-Labour-Economists, Tallinn, ESTONIA, SEP 10-12, 2009} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Anttila2012, @@ -2832,7 +2792,6 @@ The authors conclude that, while there are modest positive outcomes, none of the usage-count-since-2013 = {31}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor; Management}, keywords = {cite::channels,country::Brazil,inequality::education,inequality::racial,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {79th Conference of the Applied-Econometrics-Association, UNIV LIBRE BRUXELLES, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM, MAY 28-29, 2002}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/T36QI5AZ/Arias et al_2004_Education, family background and racial earnings inequality ill Brazil.pdf} } @@ -2901,8 +2860,7 @@ The authors conclude that, while there are modest positive outcomes, none of the usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {23}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {95th Annual Meeting of the American-Sociological-Association, Washington, DC, AUG 11-16, 2000} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Armitage2020, @@ -3053,8 +3011,7 @@ The authors conclude that, while there are modest positive outcomes, none of the type = {{Article}}, title = {{Financial evaluation of a Universal Basic Income in Andalusia}}, author = {Artero Lopez, Jesus and {Gomez-Alvarez Diaz}, Rosario and Patino Rodriguez, David}, - year = {2021}, - month = jan, + year = {2021-01/2021-04}, journal = {REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS REGIONALES}, number = {120}, pages = {129--164}, @@ -3068,10 +3025,7 @@ The authors conclude that, while there are modest positive outcomes, none of the usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {15}, web-of-science-categories = {Environmental Studies}, - keywords = {country::Spain,inequality::income,out::full-text,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::ubi}, - note = {looks at PI and inequaliti (income) -\par -does NOT look at WoW} + keywords = {country::Spain,inequality::income,out::full-text,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::ubi} } @article{Arulampalam2007, @@ -3536,7 +3490,6 @@ does NOT look at WoW} abstract = {This paper evaluates the impact of a randomized training program for disadvantaged youth introduced in Colombia in 2005. This randomized trial offers a unique opportunity to examine the impact of training in a middle income country. We use originally collected data on individuals randomly offered and not offered training. The program raises earnings and employment for women. Women offered training earn 19.6 percent more and have a 0.068 higher probability of paid employment than those not offered training, mainly in formal-sector jobs. Cost-benefit analysis of these results suggests that the program generates much larger net gains than those found in developed countries. (JEL I28, J13, J24, O15)}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Colombia,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {Analyzing the impact of the Colombian youth training program J{\'o}venes en Acci{\'o}n through a randomized control trial with three survey parts: household characteristic collection, education characteristics and individual labor market information.\textbf{The program provided 6 months of skill training in specific sectors through class-room training and an on-the-job training provided through internships concurrently.\textbf{The program, through cost-benefit-analysis, should be seen as a success since it greatly raised the earnings of women (almost 20\%), though it did neither raise earnings nor had employment effects for men.\textbf{Restricted to formal sectors, however, the program showed a significant impact for both men and women.\textbf{While this may indicate "queue jumping" instead of job creation, the study design hints at such hiring replacement perhaps not being a large concern.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/2JGX3JKK/Attanasio2011_Subsidizing_Vocational_Training_for_Disadvantaged_Youth_in_Colombia.pdf} } @@ -3558,7 +3511,6 @@ does NOT look at WoW} orcid-numbers = {Medina, Carlos/0000-0002-9739-9876}, unique-id = {WOS:000398733400005}, keywords = {country::Colombia,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A follow-up study to 2011 randomized control trial by same authors, this analysis seeks to cement or refute the findings of the original study.\textbf{While the general trend of increased formal employment is sustained for men and women without fading over time, the average formal earnings also increase for both.\textbf{Also, job quality (measured also probability of working in large firm) increases, together with pension and other social program contributions.\textbf{However, no further data has been collected on the informal sector, so theoretically any positive impacts on formal sector could be precluded by negative informal sector impacts --- \textbf{though the long-term sustained positive effects seem to imply a cost-effective program at the very least to increase relative formal employment.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ZR5TV4B8/Attanasio2017_Vocational_training_for_disadvantaged_youth_in_colombia.pdf} } @@ -4868,9 +4820,6 @@ does NOT look at WoW} usage-count-since-2013 = {43}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, keywords = {inequality::generational,inequality::health,inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum_wage}, - note = {looks at inequality; LM adjacent features -\par -might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/YMULLXD6/Bar et al_2018_Why did rich families increase their fertility.pdf} } @@ -4975,8 +4924,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Business, Finance; Management}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {2nd Interdisciplinary Management Research Symposium, Osijek, CROATIA, 2005} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Barnard2017, @@ -5032,8 +4980,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, type = {Article}, title = {Effects of Sharing the Parental Leave on Pensioners' Poverty and Gender Inequality in Old Age: {{A}} Simulation in {{IFSIM}}}, author = {Baroni, Elisa}, - year = {2011}, - month = mar, + year = {2011-03/2011-04}, journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, @@ -5072,8 +5019,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {7th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), Valencia, SPAIN, MAR 04-06, 2013} + keywords = {sample::database} } @techreport{Barrera-Osorio2020, @@ -5090,7 +5036,6 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, abstract = {We randomly assign applicants to over-subscribed programs to study the effects of teaching hard and soft skills in vocational training and examine their impacts on skills and labor market outcomes using both survey and administrative data. We find that providing vocational training that either emphasizes social or technical skills increases formal employment. We also find that admission to a vocational program that emphasizes technical relative to social skills increases overall employment and also days and hours worked in the short term. Yet, emphasis on soft-skills training helps applicants sustain employment and monthly wages over the longer term and allows them to catch up with those learning hard skills. Further, through a second round of randomization, we find that offering financial support for transportation and food increases the effectiveness of the program, indicating that resource constraints may be an obstacle for individuals considering vocational training.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Colombia,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial in which participants in Colombia signed up for a vocational training and received either a training focusing on social skills, focusing on technical skills, or no training at all.\textbf{Those receiving a training were also randomly selected to receive a subsidy for the training, mostly consisting of transport or food subsidies.\textbf{The primary goal of the study was to disambiguate between the employment outcomes of different foci within vocational trainings.\textbf{Results show that any vocational training increased formal employment, but emphasis on technical skills increased overall employment (as well as hours worked), whereas emphasis on social skills increased long-term sustained employment and earnings.\textbf{Offering subsidies significantly increased the overall effectiveness of the offered programs.\textbf{Lastly, men were significantly more impacted by increased employment probability even though increased formality and hours worked affected both men and women, which could indicate other gender-based barriers to employment, such as lack of sufficient childcare opportunities.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/PRP466ZX/Barrera-Osorio2020_Hard_and_Soft_Skills_in_Vocational_Training.pdf} } @@ -5131,8 +5076,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {0}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor; Law; Social Issues}, - keywords = {inequality::disability,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {Conference on The Right to Work for Persons with Disabilities - International Perspectives, Kassel, GERMANY, MAR 08-10, 2017} + keywords = {inequality::disability,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Barsoum2017, @@ -5151,7 +5095,6 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, eissn = {1468-2397}, unique-id = {WOS:000396796000007}, keywords = {country::Egypt,region::MENA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A qualitative analysis of the four pillars of ALMP working in Egypt, an employment guarantee scheme, vocational training, labor market services, and entrepreneurship promotion.\textbf{Using a data set on the country's state-run programs and interviews with key implementers, the article generally argues that ALMPs in Egypt operate under a constraining welfare regime which does not effectively employ a 'welfare mix' with productivity generated outside the state such as NGOs, or using community-based relationships and clientelist networks.\textbf{Insted, the state continues to assume a 'protective' role while neglecting (and complicating) the switch to a 'productive' role.\textbf{This is most visible in the continued upholding of Egypt's public employment programs under its employment guarantee scheme, though the study also argues for its visibility in few competitive vocational training programs and underfunded labor market services.\textbf{Only on entrepreneurship promotion is a true oscillation towards 'productivity' visible with micro-lending, entrepreneurial training, and infrastructure and community development schemes generating successes through larger flexibility.\textbf{Ultimately it argues for constraints on ALMP effectiveness since there is too little documentation of existing program impacts and too large of a focus on the protective role of the state.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/FPEFA3DX/Barsoum2017_Youth-focused_active_labour_market_programmes_in_a_constraining_welfare_regime.pdf} } @@ -5201,8 +5144,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Spain,inequality::gender,issue::policy,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {9th Annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (iCERi), Seville, SPAIN, NOV 14-16, 2016} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Spain,inequality::gender,issue::policy,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Baruah2017, @@ -5258,7 +5200,6 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, abstract = {This project studies the labor market matching process between young workers and firms in Uganda. We focus on three core aspects of this process. First, we study the relative importance of cognitive and non-cognitive skills in determining the labor market outcomes of young workers; second, we examine whether asymmetric information on the skills of youth that first enter the labor market is a significant source of inefficiency in terms of reduced employment opportunities and mismatch; third, we study whether an intervention improving the signal to potential employers on the skills of job market entrants reduces the asymmetric information problem and limits the related inefficiencies. We carry out this analysis through a randomized control trial in the Ugandan labor market. Our intervention exogenously improves the signals employers receive about a given young worker's non-cognitive skills, and hence is intended to reduce information asymmetries during the recruitment process. We then trace the impacts this has on worker and firm outcomes.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Uganda,program::job market services,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on the effect of soft-skill certificate disclosure on both employers and employees in Uganda, trying to analyze impacts on earnings and employment probability for workers.\textbf{It finds that the disclosure of soft-skill certifications has a significant positive impact on high abilities employer beliefs of the skill of their matched worker and no resulting downward updating for lower skills, whereas there is no belief updating impact on low ability employers.\textbf{On workers, the disclosed certification has the effect of positively updating their outside options and the effect is symmetric between employees and employers, meaning only when faced with a high ability employer will an employee also update their beliefs.\textbf{In the sample, there was a positive selection on soft skills since the skill assessment would be disclosed to firms and workers with higher skills self-selected more for participation knowing this.\textbf{There is a significant increase in the employment probability for middle-skill workers, but the study models potentially negative effects for low-skill workers.\textbf{No overall significant increases on earnings were visible but conditional on employment earnings increases become significant, lead by those of high-skill workers.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T10:24:47Z} } @@ -5463,7 +5404,6 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, researcherid-numbers = {Beam, Emily/ABC-8743-2021}, unique-id = {WOS:000373419500003}, keywords = {area::rural,country::Philippines,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on a randomized control trial for vouchers to a job fair in the Philippines attempting to evaluate the impact on employment outcomes and participants' job search frequency.\textbf{There was a significant positive increase of formal employment after the job fair, which is, however, mostly not due to direct job matches at the fair but effects increasing the likelihood of employment medium-term after the fair.\textbf{The study, not having multiple treatment arms, does not make definite statements on the mechanisms of employment increase, but suggests that connection opportunities with other job seekers and information about domestic job search potentials may be the most important factors for it.\textbf{At the same time as there is a formal employment increase, there is a decrease in self-employment to go with it for participants of the job fair.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/2IPERP6H/Beam2016_Do_job_fairs_matter.pdf} } @@ -5686,8 +5626,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Political Science}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {4th ACADEMOS Conference / International Political Science Conference, Bucharest, ROMANIA, JUN 15-18, 2017} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{Beine2011, @@ -5725,8 +5664,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {8}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Regional \& Urban Planning}, - keywords = {country::Czech_Republic,country::Slovakia,inequality::age,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {18th International-Business-Information-Management-Association Conference, Istanbul, TURKEY, MAY 09-10, 2012} + keywords = {country::Czech_Republic,country::Slovakia,inequality::age,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Bell2012, @@ -5995,8 +5933,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, type = {Editorial Material}, title = {China's Transition and Feminist Economics}, author = {Berik, Guenseli and Dong, Xiao-yuan and Summerfield, Gale}, - year = {2007}, - month = jul, + year = {2007-07/2007-10}, journal = {FEMINIST ECONOMICS}, volume = {13}, number = {3-4}, @@ -6268,7 +6205,6 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, orcid-numbers = {Leight, Jessica/0000-0002-1691-9682}, unique-id = {WOS:000706989000010}, keywords = {country::Kazakhstan,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial on the outcomes of a combined conditional cash grant and life skills training program aimed at young people in Kazakhstan, analyzing the outcomes on participants' employment probability and life skill acquisition.\textbf{Generally, the program did not prove useful for building social capital in for beneficiaries and the study found slight possibly negative effects on labor market participation.\textbf{The negative employment effects may be due to a preference shift to self-employment after the intervention, after which participants may be foregoing other labor market opportunities.\textbf{At the same time, there is no visible increase in self-employment after the treatment, which the study suggests may be due to additional barriers hindering the switch to self-employment.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/HBEA6U7B/Bhanot2021_Can_community_service_grants_foster_social_and_economic_integration_for_youth.pdf} } @@ -6361,7 +6297,6 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, doi = {10.1080/14765280802604763}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::China,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the retraining outcomes on employment and earnings of displaced workers in two Chinese cities: Wuhan and Shenyang using propensity score matching on administrative records.\textbf{The findings show a significant impact on employment probability in Wuhan but not in Shenyang, but a significant impact on earnings in Shenyang but not in Wuhan.\textbf{While outside factors (different economic baselines) are not completely excluded by the authors, they primarily suggest the content of trainings to be a channel for this dichotomous outcome.\textbf{Trainings in China were ({\textasciitilde}2000) not very quality controlled and no concrete curricula were set resulting in widely diverging trainings in quality, relevance and design, with some being classroom only and some much more focused on practical on-the-job experiences.\textbf{The key takeaway is to diversify the sources of training between public, nonprofit and commercial enterprises, always with a strict focus on labor demand.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T10:28:26Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/VUKIL4DV/Bidani2009_Evaluating_job_training_in_two_Chinese_cities.pdf} } @@ -6756,7 +6691,6 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, abstract = {In 2008, Uganda granted hundreds of small groups \$400/person to help members start individual skilled trades. Four years on, an experimental evaluation found grants raised earnings by 38\% (Blattman, Fiala, Martinez 2014). We return after 9 years to find these start-up grants acted more as a kick-start than a lift out of poverty. Grantees' investment leveled off; controls eventually increased their incomes through business and casual labor; and so both groups converged in employment, earnings, and consumption. Grants had lasting impacts on assets, skilled work, and possibly child health, but had little effect on mortality, fertility, health or education.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Uganda,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A follow-up study to an experimental study on the Ugandan 'Youth Opportunities Program', which gave business start-up cash grants in 2008 to analyze its effects on earnings, employment probability and consumption over time.\textbf{It finds that, while the effects were large and significant initially, after beginning to decrease over the 4 year mark, after 9 years all effects on earnings, employment probability and consumption have become insignificant.\textbf{There are some modest sustained effects on the possession of assets and the probability of being in skilled work for the treatment group.\textbf{The study suggests that the cash grants thus acted as a quick infusion to alleviate credit constraints on the poor youth, but over time the control group breached this barrier through individual saving past the minimal capital for start-up creation, leading the authors to assume a more complex interaction with other barriers is or becomes important.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/UEDTB3TA/Blattman2018_The_long-term_impacts_of_grants_on_poverty.pdf} } @@ -6775,7 +6709,6 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, abstract = {We study two interventions for underemployed youth across five Ethiopian sites: a \$300 grant to spur self-employment, and a job offer to an industrial firm. Despite significant impacts on occupational choice, income, and health in the first year, after five years we see nearly complete convergence across all groups and outcomes. Shortrun increases in productivity and earnings from the grant dissipate as recipients exit their micro-enterprises. Adverse effects of factory work on health found after one year also appear to be temporary. These results suggest that one-time and one-dimensional interventions may struggle to overcome barriers to wage- or self-employment.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Ethiopia,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on the divergences of earnings, productivity and individual welfare when participating in a program of (unconditional) cash grants and business training or labor market services (job offers for industrial work conferred through job matching) for predominantly women in Ethiopia.\textbf{Short-term it finds that the cash grant significantly increased earnings and the industrial job offer significantly decreased personal welfare (with lowered health).\textbf{However, medium- to long-term these effects disappeared over 1 year, and at the 5 year mark there was no significant variation on earnings, productivity or welfare visible.\textbf{For the industrial job offer there was also high attrition, since one third of people quit within the first month and most participants quit within a year, which the study suggests hints at especially young people using the low-skill industrial job more as a safety net than a plan for long-term employment.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/FL7S9LFB/Blattman2019_Impacts_of_Industrial_and_Entrepreneurial_Jobs_on_Youth.pdf} } @@ -6916,7 +6849,6 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, institution = {Inter-American Development Bank}, abstract = {While there is a large body of literature evaluating how active labor-market policies such as training impact worker outcomes, relatively few studies examine how such policies impact workers who are displaced by trade. The few studies on training and trade-related labor adjustment focus on the impact of trade-specific assistance programs. Most countries in the world, however, do not have assistance programs that are triggered by trade events but instead implement labor-market policies for reasons other than trade. In this paper, we use detailed data on workers' employment histories and training activities to evaluate the impact of an industrial training program in Brazil on workers who are displaced from manufacturing sectors. We find that industrial training increases the probability of re-entry into the formal labor market one year after displacement by about 13.2 percentage points (equivalent to 30\%) and is effective for workers who are displaced from sectors of high exposure to import competition. This effect is explained by workers switching sectors and occupations after training. We also find that training has positive effects on employment spells and cumulative earnings in the two years after displacement.}, keywords = {country::Brazil,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study conducted on the basis of administrative data for Brazil which intended to analyze the impact of vocational training on job re-entry for displaced workers.\textbf{Specifically focused on workers displaced from sectors highly-exposed to trade periods, whose workers are generally more unlikely to re-enter the same sector.\textbf{The results show that, while training does not significantly impact re-entry into the same sector, it does significantly increase re-entry probability into formal employment into another sector or occupation one year after displacement.}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/3QK33YKQ/blyde2019training_Training_and_labor_adjustment_to_trade.pdf} } @@ -7008,10 +6940,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, doi = {10.3233/WOR-131718}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: More knowledge is needed ofoccupational attainment of persons with disabilities, i.e. the relationship between their educational level and their profession, and factors of importance for this relationship. OBJECTIVE: To compare occupational attainment among persons with and without a disability. METHOD: 3396 informants with disabilities and 19 004 non-disabled informants participated (control group) in a survey study by Statistics Sweden.The informants with disabilities were divided into six groups. RESULTS: Occupational attainment did not differ between the disability groups, neither between persons with and without a disability. Follow-up analysis showed that men with disabilities with primary or secondary school had an occupation above their educational level to a significantlylarger extent than women with disabilities. This pattern was even clearer in comparison with the control group. Persons without disabilities, with secondary or higher education, were more successful in the labor market than persons with disabilities. Occupational attainment increased with age in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Young women with disabilities who only have primary or secondary education run a higher risk of having a job that is below their educational level than men at the same educational level. This indicates discriminating mechanisms in the society related to gender and ability.}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Sweden,inequality::disability,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::snowballing}, - note = {looks at LM adjacent outcomes of inequality for disabled/ non-disabled people; -\par -does NOT look at specific policy intervention} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Sweden,inequality::disability,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::snowballing} } @article{Bond1995, @@ -7182,7 +7111,6 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} eissn = {1873-5991}, unique-id = {WOS:000402342600017}, keywords = {area::rural,country::India,region::AP,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the impact of the Indian employment guarantee scheme (NREGS) between 2005 and 2006, analyzing the impact on household consumption through possible additional earnings.\textbf{In general it finds an increase on household consumption per capita for areas under NREGS and a more significant increase for members of a marginalized group (caste).\textbf{Since NREGS pays minimum wage, the study finds predominantly women start working under its increased waged labor demand to provide additional income for the household.\textbf{Households with children increased the spending on 'child goods' (e.g. milk) most significantly while households without children increased spending on alcohol more significantly.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/S9ANK423/Bose2017_Raising_consumption_through_india's_national_rural_employment_guarantee_scheme.pdf} } @@ -7799,17 +7727,6 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} abstract = {Abstract This paper takes a closer look at Tunisia's SIVP: an employment subsidy aimed at university graduates and, until recently, the country's largest active labour market policy. Using a tracer survey of the 2004 graduating cohort, OLS and matching techniques are applied to estimate the relationship between programme participation and the labour market outcomes of participants. Graduates who benefited from the programme appear less likely to be unemployed and considerably more likely to have found a job in the private sector - but this may partly reflect selection into the programme, which is not random. JEL classification J08, J20}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Tunisia,program::wage subsidy,region::MENA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the effects of the 'SIVP' programme in Tunisia on employment probability and formal employment of its participants. -\par -'SIVP' is an employment subsidy programme and the target group for the study are university graduates looking for their first job after graduation, with the programme having its last follow-up interview 44 months after graduation. -\par -It finds that the programme overall reduces unemployment and increases the chances for being employed in the private sector, two of its stated aims, for its target beneficiaries. -\par -It also finds, however, that the selection into the programme, not being random, is not targeting those most in need well, with individuals most likely to be unemployed 3 months after graduation often having to wait the longest for participation in the programme. -\par -Lastly, it finds that programme participants tend to have a more precarious job (no permanent contract) and be less well remunerated than graduates with a job that did not participate in SIVP. -\par -The study concludes that, while the programme is in line with international cost-benefit assumptions of employment subsidy programmes, it loses a large part of its effectiveness to deadweight losses due to its bad targeting.}, timestamp = {2022-04-08T15:06:50Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/L97MNMJU/Broecke2013_Tackling_graduate_unemployment_in_North_Africa_through_employment_subsidies.pdf} } @@ -7907,13 +7824,6 @@ The study concludes that, while the programme is in line with international cost pages = {196--221}, doi = {10.1257/app.20170042}, keywords = {country::Kenya,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A random control trial on the impacts of business training on the earnings outcomes for female micro-entrepreneurs in urban Kenya. -\par -It finds that, while general formal business training has no significant impact on earnings, participation in a mentorship program does have a significant positive impact. -\par -The authors argue this suggests an important categorical difference between different types of training information: -\par -whereas abstract, general training knowledge has little to no impact, more localized and specific knowledge imparted in the apprenticeship programme leads to significant impacts.}, timestamp = {2022-04-29T09:43:44Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QBG5UJ6M/Brooks2018_Mentors_or_teachers.pdf} } @@ -7944,7 +7854,6 @@ whereas abstract, general training knowledge has little to no impact, more local institution = {World Bank}, abstract = {This study presents results from a randomized evaluation of two labor market interventions targeted to young women aged 18 to 19 years in three of Nairobi's poorest neighborhoods. One treatment offered participants a bundled intervention designed to simultaneously relieve credit and human capital constraints; a second treatment provided women with an unrestricted cash grant, but no training or other support. Both interventions had economically large and statistically significant impacts on income over the medium term (7 to 10 months after the end of the interventions), but these impacts dissipated in the second year after treatment. The results are consistent with a model in which savings constraints prevent women from smoothing consumption after receiving large transfers -- even in the absence of credit constraints, and when participants have no intention of remaining in entrepreneurship. The study also shows that participants hold remarkably accurate beliefs about the impacts of the treatments on occupational choice}, keywords = {country::Kenya,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study conducted on a combination of cash grants and vocational training for young women in Kenya, with an emphasis on analyzing its earnings impacts over time.\textbf{It finds that both receiving just a cash grant or a cash grant and vocational training significantly increased short-term earnings, but these earnings impacts dissipated at the second year mark after the treatment.\textbf{The findings suggest that there are more barriers a sustained impact than just a credit constrained poverty trap overall, but women wishing to begin their business were still mostly constrained by savings initially.\textbf{While the group receiving a grant and training had larger impacts, the group only receiving a cash grant was more cost effective.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z} } @@ -8303,8 +8212,7 @@ whereas abstract, general training knowledge has little to no impact, more local usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {19}, web-of-science-categories = {Pediatrics}, - keywords = {inequality::disability,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {inequality outcomes of policy intervention but NOT LM adjacent, not evidence-based impact study} + keywords = {inequality::disability,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Burbyka2017, @@ -8562,8 +8470,7 @@ whereas abstract, general training knowledge has little to no impact, more local usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {37}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies; Economics}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {48th Annual Convention of the International-Studies-Association, Chicago, IL, FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Butler1988, @@ -8827,7 +8734,6 @@ whereas abstract, general training knowledge has little to no impact, more local doi = {10.1016/j.labeco.2016.11.008}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Brazil,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the 'Galp{\~a}o Aplauso' youth training program, focusing on a combination of vocational training and life skills through expressive arts, to analyze the impacts on earnings and employment probability.\textbf{The study finds significant short-term increases on both earnings and employment probability for the beneficiaries, but finds no impacts on non labor market outcomes such as personality-related traits.\textbf{The training program started as a public policy but turned into a private-sector managed program, with selective criteria to initiative and beneficiaries, so that there the authors see small chance of it scaling well and the results holding potential for external validity.}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T10:56:15Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/9E5J9IG8/Calero2017_Can_Arts-Based_Interventions_Enhance_Labor_Market_Outcomes_Among_Youth.pdf} } @@ -8864,10 +8770,7 @@ whereas abstract, general training knowledge has little to no impact, more local urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {This essay evaluates the state of the debate around basic income, a controversial and much-discussed policy proposal. I explore its contested meaning and consider its potential impact. I provide a summary of the randomized guaranteed income experiments from the 1970s, emphasizing how experimental methods using scattered sets of isolated participants cannot capture the crucial social factors that help to explain changes in people's patterns of work. In contrast, I examine a community experiment from the same period, where all residents of the town of Dauphin, Manitoba, were eligible for basic income payments. This ``macro-experiment'' sheds light on the community-level realities of basic income. I describe evidence showing that wages offered by Dauphin businesses increased. Additionally, labor market participation fell. By ignoring the social interactions that characterize real-world community contexts, randomized studies underestimate the decline in labor market participation and its impact on employers. These findings depend to a great extent on the details of the policy design, and as such I conclude that the oft-proposed right--left ideological alliance on basic income is unlikely to survive the move from basic income as a broad policy umbrella to basic income as a concrete policy option.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::snowballing,type::ubi}, - note = {looks at LM adjacency and PI; -\par -does NOT look at inequalities affected} + keywords = {inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::snowballing,type::ubi} } @article{Cameron2001a, @@ -9050,7 +8953,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} doi = {10.1086/658090}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Dominican Republic,group::youth,inequality::age,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {The study analyzes a randomized control trial in the Dominican Republic's program 'Juventud y Empleo' regarding the effects of vocational training on earnings and employment outcomes such as hours worked or overall employment probability.\textbf{While there is no significant impact on hours worked or employment probability, a modest increase in earnings through wages per hour was determined.\textbf{The study suffered from an issue in the design through which people not showing up for treatment were not approached for the follow-up survey, and people reassigned from the control group to the treatment group showed some significant differences to the rest of the treatment group.\textbf{The study tries to account for this, but it should still be kept in mind as potentially decreasing its explanatory limits.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/9K2D3J4R/Card2011_The_labor_market_impacts_of_youth_training_in_the_Dominican_Republic.pdf} } @@ -9094,7 +8996,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, keywords = {cite::channels,country::Italy,done::extracted,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,type::collective_action}, - note = {15th International Conference on Developments in Economic Theory and Policy, Bilbao, SPAIN, JUN 28-29, 2018}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/F8CVLJX5/Cardinaleschi et al_2019_Effects of decentralised bargaining on gender inequality.pdf} } @@ -9297,7 +9198,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Health Care Sciences \& Services; Health Policy \& Services; Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health}, keywords = {done::extracted,inequality::disability,relevant,sample::database,type::institutional,type::structural}, - note = {looks at inequality; LM markers; policy intervention (in Medicaid programme independent variable)}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QVXP8EZY/Carstens_Massatti_2018_Predictors of labor force status in a random sample of consumers with serious.pdf} } @@ -9418,8 +9318,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} usage-count-last-180-days = {12}, usage-count-since-2013 = {261}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {100th Annual Meeting of the American-Sociological-Association, Philadelphia, PA, AUG 13-16, 2005} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Castilla2015, @@ -9570,7 +9469,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} researcherid-numbers = {Nikolov, Plamen/Q-8735-2019}, unique-id = {WOS:000453623400005}, keywords = {country::Nepal,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on a vocational training program for youth in Nepal ich which both its impacts on earnings and employment probabilities are analyzed.\textbf{Generally, it finds an increase in non-farm employment combined with increased monthly earnings, which are mostly driven through young women starting self-employment.\textbf{The study finds larger impacts than many similar programs in more middle-income situated countries, and puts them down to low baseline educational and non-farm employment levels.\textbf{Additionally, the possibility for the skills increases to allow women to start working self-employed circumvents some of the restrictive social norms for women in Nepal.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/6EZIWNCT/Chakravarty2019_Vocational_training_programs_and_youth_labor_market_outcomes.pdf} } @@ -9633,7 +9531,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} researcherid-numbers = {Mubarik, Muhammad Shujaat/AAF-5693-2019}, unique-id = {WOS:000632615700001}, keywords = {country::Pakistan,no-access,region::AP,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the impact of TVET programmes in Pakistan on the effects of individual earnings for participants.\textbf{It finds that participants generally have an increase in earnings after the program, which the study argues is due to Pakistan's overall low level of income and the programme selection for especially rural youth.\textbf{It sees potential dangers to its external validity since it follows a very specific institute selection for its analyzed program: that of an institute offering only training programs very highly demanded by the industry.\textbf{It leads the study to conclude that the country should focus its efforts on similarly in-demand training curricula, though it sees its limitations in neither differentiating between genders nor private and public institutions for a broader analysis.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z} } @@ -9806,7 +9703,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} orcid-numbers = {samoudi, Naima/0000-0003-3164-0249}, unique-id = {WOS:000666885300001}, keywords = {country::Morocco,region::MENA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study using propensity score matching on the employment subsidy program 'Idmaj' in Morocco to analyze its impact on earnings and employment probability. \textbf{It finds that, while there is a marginally positive effect on employment probability through the program, there is a more significant negative impact on earnings of beneficiaries.\textbf{There is also a large heterogeneity with the program having a larger positive employment effect on young people (18-24 years old) and women, but also having a larger negative earnings effect on women and people aged 25-34 years.\textbf{In both cases, the collateral tends to exceed positive gains, and may be caused due to a stigmatizing effect under which employers consider beneficiaries less productive due to receiving the subsidy and thus less likely to consider beneficiaries for higher wages.\textbf{Lastly, there is also less likelihood for being covered by social security for men and beneficiaries of the program aged 25-34 years.\textbf{Thereby, the program can also not be considered a stepping stone toward higher-skill jobs and higher wages, which was one of its original objectives.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/7UE8QSY9/Chatri2021_Micro-econometric_evaluation_of_subsidized_employment_in_morocco.pdf} } @@ -9923,7 +9819,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} orcid-numbers = {Hicks, Daniel/0000-0002-1722-4970}, unique-id = {WOS:000694637500001}, keywords = {country::India,program::public works,region::AP,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the effects of India's employment guarantee scheme (NREGS) on gender discrimination by looking at sex ratio preferences in affected areas.\textbf{The study argues limited economic opportunity for women also reduces their household bargaining power and thus, and with it the economic value of daughters, which may be affected through NREGS.\textbf{It finds a significant improvement in child sex ratios towards females in districts affected by the NREGS rollout, however, only in urban districts was the effect significant.\textbf{Possible channels of affecting the outcome were decreased sex selection pressures through improved female labor market opportunities given by NREGS, as well as a reduction in income constraints, more resilience toward external shock events, or an impacted attitude towards daughters.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/DIQS6FNX/Chaure2021_The_right_to_work_and_to_live.pdf} } @@ -9965,7 +9860,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} institution = {Harvard University}, abstract = {Can government programs that fail to deliver still influence citizen behavior? Large literatures in political science and economics study the effect of various government programs on how citizens engage with the state. A tacit assumption in many of these papers is that citizens value government programs proportionally to the amount of money spent. Yet there is tremendous heterogeneity in the mapping between spending and how much value citizens actually get from a program. And even programs that do not work may still reflect substantial government investments, thereby informing citizens' beliefs about how much weight the government places on their welfare. Using a large-scale randomized evaluation of a vocational training program in southern Punjab we provide evidence that good intentions might matter; citizens offered a program that almost no one used voted for the ruling party at higher rates in subsequent elections if offered multiple training vouchers than if only offered one. Men who received the training offer became more socially engaged and used government services at higher rates. Women had the opposite reaction. These results have implications for theories of civic engagement.}, keywords = {country::India,region::AP,relevance::unsure,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the effects of a vocational training subsidy in Pakistan which, by participation rate should be seen as a failed intervention, on the perception of its target population, as well as their political participation and future use of government services.\textbf{It finds that even for ostensibly failed ALMPs the societal outcome can still be significant, with higher political voting favor for the ruling party, as well as additionally increased pro-social engagement and government service use.\textbf{While these findings apply to men in the study, women had the opposite outcome, with a decrease in both.\textbf{The study suggests this gender heterogeneity may stem from the value of courses on offer during the failed ALMP program being primarily targeted, designed for and by, men and (inadvertently or otherwise) proving inadequate for women's welfare.\textbf{Thus, the perception of attempts to meet social welfare goals by the government might be as important as the actual outcomes of its programs, in people's perception.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z} } @@ -10154,7 +10048,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} usage-count-since-2013 = {9}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, keywords = {inequality::consumption,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct_transfer}, - note = {Strong urgence to consider why absence of wealth inequality is a chosen control. Does this ever produce reliable results outside of a vacuum then?}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/86YCBSB9/Chen2021_Are_unconditional_lump-sum_transfers_a_good_idea.pdf} } @@ -10450,7 +10343,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} abstract = {This paper provides experimental evidence on the effects of vocational and entrepreneurial training for Malawian youth, in an environment where access to schooling and formal sector employment is extremely low. It tracks a large fraction of program drop-outs---a common phenomenon in the training evaluation literature---and examines the determinants and consequences of dropping out and how it mediates the effects of such programs. The analysis finds that women make decisions in a more constrained environment, and their participation is affected by family obligations. Participation is more expensive for them, resulting in worse training experience. The training results in skills development, continued investment in human capital, and improved well-being, with more positive effects for men, but no improvements in labor market outcomes in the short run.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Malawi,program::training,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial on a vocational training and internship program in Malawi targeting poor, mostly rural, youth as a vulnerable group, trying to analyze its effects on participants' post-program earnings, hours worked, but also skill acquisition and individual welfare assessments.\textbf{Generally, there were no significant impacts on either earnings or hours worked after the program, which is an issue with the foregone earnings opportunity costs of participating in the program itself.\textbf{Any earnings effect measured could be attributed to the increased skills imparted by the program, as well as increased awareness of higher paying job opportunities through the internship network of employers.\textbf{It finds a stark heterogeneity between the genders, with women dropping out more often and being generally more constrained in the conditions they are participating under and less likely to receive financial support during or a paid job offer after training from their trainers or master-craftspersons.\textbf{The program increased individual welfare assessments, but much larger increase for men than for women. \textbf{Men were also more likely to receive more training due to taking training time from their hours in self-employment, whereas women were more constrained primarily due to family obligations.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:08:33Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/XB2L4E8A/Cho2013_Gender_Differences_in_the_Effects_of_Vocational_Training.pdf} } @@ -10507,7 +10399,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} abstract = {This article analyzes the evolution of informal employment in Peru from 1986 to 2001. Contrary to what one would expect, the informality rates increased steadily during the 1990s despite the introduction of flexible contracting mechanisms, a healthy macroeconomic recovery, and tighter tax codes and regulation. We explore different factors that may explain this upward trend including the role of labor legislation and labor allocation between/within sectors of economic activity. Finally, we illustrate the negative correlation between productivity and informality by evaluating the impacts of the Youth Training PROJOVEN Program that offers vocational training to disadvantaged young individuals. We find significant training impacts on the probability of formal employment for both males and females.}, unique-id = {WOS:000261463900001}, keywords = {country::Peru,group::youth,inequality::age,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study following multiple rounds of the 'PROJOVEN' youth vocational training program in Peru to find out if increases in productivity are associated with levels of informality on a labor market.\textbf{Uses panel data to look for program outcomes of percentage of formal employment, overall employment probability and several job quality proxies.\textbf{Understands definition of formal employment for its purposes ultimately as agglomeration of multiple job quality indices: firm size, health benefits, accident insurance, social security and, not least, a formal contract.\textbf{In this interpretation, while employment probability was not significantly impacted for men, it was significantly positive for women.\textbf{Additionally, the study found strong positive impacts on all job quality proxies and probability of formality, though all measured impacts subsides over the medium-term.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/IYHC8QJL/Chong2008_Informality_and_productivity_in_the_labor_market_in_Peru.pdf} } @@ -12023,7 +11914,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} institution = {Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)}, abstract = {Traditional apprenticeships based on private arrangements are widespread in developing countries. Public interventions have attempted to address failures in the apprenticeship markets to expand access or improve training quality. Subsidized dual apprenticeships have the potential to address financial constraints for youths and firms' inability to commit to provide general skill training. This paper analyzes the impact of subsidized dual apprenticeships combining on-the-job and theoretical training in C{\^o}te d'Ivoire. We set up an experiment that simultaneously randomized whether interested youths were assigned to a formal apprenticeship, and whether apprenticeship positions opened by firms were filled with formal apprentices. We document direct effects for youths and indirect effects for firms, such as whether they substitute between traditional and subsidized apprentices. In the short run, youths increase their human capital investments and we observe a net entry of apprentices into firms. Substitution effects are limited: the intervention creates 0.74 to 0.77 new position per subsidized apprentice. The subsidy offsets forgone labor earnings. Four years after the start of the experiment, treated youths perform more complex tasks and their earnings are higher by 15 percent. We conclude that subsidized dual apprenticeships expand access to training, upgrade skills and improve earnings for youths without crowding out traditional apprentices.}, keywords = {country::Ivory Coast,program::training,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on the effects of dual apprenticeships (internship, vocational training and subsidy component) on earnings and job creation for youth in C{\^o}te d'Ivoire.\textbf{It finds that subsidized apprenticeships overall create new job positions, as well as being able to offset foregone earnings for participating youth.\textbf{After 4 years participants had a significant positive impact on earnings, as well as on the complexity of tasks they pursued.\textbf{The study suggests this is due to allowing a quicker return on participants' increased human capital by removing apprenticeship opportunity costs through the subsidy.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z} } @@ -12543,7 +12433,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} abstract = {Abstract This study investigates the causal impacts of integrating mobile phone technologies into traditional public labor-market intermediation services on employment outcomes. By providing faster, cheaper and up-to-date information on job vacancies via SMS, mobile phone technologies might affect the rate at which offers arrive as well as the probability of receiving a job offer. We implement a social experiment with multiple treatments that allows us to investigate both the role of information channels (digital versus non-digital) and information sets (restricted [public] versus unrestricted [public/private]). The results show positive and significant short-term effects on employment for public labor-market intermediation. While the impacts from traditional labor-market intermediation are not large enough to be statistically significant, the unrestricted digital treatment group shows statistically significant short-term employment effects. As for potential matching efficiency gains, the results suggest no statistically significant effects associated with either information channels or information sets.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Peru,program::job market services,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {The study experimentally investigates the role of two axes of labor market intermediation and matching on employment probability: information channels (between digital and non-digital) and information sets (between public and private) in Lima, Peru.\textbf{It creates 3 treatment groups from people receiving traditional labor market intermediation information digitally and non-digitally, people receiving unrestricted (additional) labor market information digitally, and a control group.\textbf{The digital channel chosen was primarily an SMS system which would inform participants of job offerings. \textbf{The information set provided to participants was either the traditional job matching information of the Lima public intermediation service, for which employers specifically had to sign up, or an unrestricted set which consisted both of the previous set and additional job vacancies which employers did not have to specifically sign up.\textbf{The treatment group receiving an unrestricted information set digitally had a significant short-term increase in employment probability, which disappeared long-term (3 months) after the control group received access to labor market intermediation as well.\textbf{The other treatment groups had no significant impact on employment probability short-term or long-term, and there was no significant impact on job matching efficiency for any of the treatments.\textbf{The study argues this finding signifies that the most important factor for employment probability is thus the scope and novelty of information delivered through digital means,\textbf{as well as the feasibility of using digital channels for information distribution, while acknowledging a smaller role of the information channel alone than often assumed.}}}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:14:27Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/6TA2P7F6/Dammert2015_Integrating_mobile_phone_technologies_into_labor-market_intermediation.pdf} } @@ -12618,7 +12507,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} eissn = {1478-3401}, unique-id = {WOS:000338705200003}, keywords = {country::Ghana,group::youth,inequality::age,program::training,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A qualitative study using long-form interviews to analyze the outcomes for participants of a vocational training program in Ghana.\textbf{It finds that generally while the training creates some hope in its recipients, as well as increases in future expectations for the actual labor market outcomes there was no increase in employment probability for its interview partners.\textbf{The main argument thus rests on Bourdieu's theory of unfulfilled wishes over time transforming into 'frustrated promise' before the training then makes this frustration useful potential by substituting it with a 'blighted hope'.\textbf{It provides this to its trainees who, on this hope-lead basis work hard toward reaching training goals but, looking at the broader picture, are not guaranteed any employment after through factors outside their control such as training quality and, perhaps even more important, existing labor demand.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/K8AMWKFK/Darkwah2013_Keeping_hope_alive.pdf} } @@ -12714,7 +12602,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} eissn = {1872-6089}, unique-id = {WOS:000624897400004}, keywords = {country::Bangladesh,group::youth,inequality::age,program::training,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study for a randomized control trial of vocational training effects on the earnings and employment probability of youth in Bangladesh.\textbf{The study focuses on differentiating between the effects of classroom and on-the-job training, with on-the-job training providing significant short-term effects for both employment and earnings but with employment effects dropping off over long-term (22 months after program end).\textbf{This, the study contends, implies an overall increase of productivity due to on-the-job training, and a sustained shift from casual to formal work.\textbf{On-the-job training also had a stronger employment effect for women and a stronger earnings effect for men, due to women generally shifting from casual to self-employment work and men from casual to formal wage employment.\textbf{Classroom training did not have significant short-term effect on employment, and while no statistically significant difference between treatments is found, it did lead to a slightly more sustained effect on aggregate earnings and employment long-term.\textbf{Short-term, classroom training had a slight detrimental effect on male employment due to a generally lower uptake of the combined program by men.\textbf{It concluded in a cost-benefit analysis that combined training was deemed cost-inefficient while on-the-job training could be scaled up cost-efficiently.}}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/2S4FC3P2/Das2021_Training_the_disadvantaged_youth_and_labor_market_outcomes.pdf} } @@ -12783,9 +12670,6 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} abstract = {Would it be possible to provide people with a basic income as a right? The idea has a long history. This book draws on two pilot schemes conducted in the Indian State of Madhya Pradesh, in which thousands of men, women and children were provided with an unconditional monthly cash payment. In a context in which the Indian government at national and state levels spends a vast amount on subsidies and selective schemes that are chronically expensive, inefficient, inequitable and subject to extensive corruption, there is scope for switching at least some of the spending to a modest basic income. This book explores what would be likely to happen if this were done. The book draws on a series of evaluation surveys conducted over the course of the eighteen months in which the main pilot was in operation, supplemented with detailed case studies of individuals and families. It looks at the impact on health and nutrition, on schooling, on economic activity, women's agency and the welfare of those with disabilities. Above all, the book considers whether or not a basic income could be transformative, in not only improving individual and family welfare but in promoting economic growth and development, as well as having an emancipatory effect for people long mired in conditions of poverty and economic insecurity.}, isbn = {978-1-4725-9306-1 978-1-4725-8311-6}, keywords = {country::India,inequality::education,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::full-text,region::AP,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::ubi}, - note = {overview of concept, same project analysis as Standing2015; -\par -does not do impact analysis for single policy}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/FDRQV3VB/Davala et al_2015_Basic Income.pdf} } @@ -13001,8 +12885,7 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy}, @article{Debowicz2014, title = {The Impact of {{Oportunidades}} on Human Capital and Income Distribution in {{Mexico}}: {{A}} Top-down/Bottom-up Approach}, author = {Debowicz, Dario and Golan, Jennifer}, - year = {2014}, - month = jan, + year = {2014-01/2014-02}, journal = {Journal of Policy Modeling}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, @@ -13272,7 +13155,6 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy}, number = {OVE/WP-09/06}, institution = {{Office of Evaluation and Oversight, Inter-American Development Bank}}, keywords = {country::Mexico,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {Report analyzing a training program 'PROBECAT-SICAT' for unemployed in Mexico, to find the impact on earnings for those treated utilizing data from a variety of different administrative surveys from 2000-2004.\textbf{Generally, the study finds significant but small positive impacts on earnings for wage workers and a varying but positive impact on self-employed workers (sometimes larger, sometimes smaller).\textbf{The earnings effect is generally larger for formal employment specifically.\textbf{They find evidence of a hidden bias in the study, so take care not to just select on observables and ensure robustness.\textbf{The program itself also underwent large changes in 2002, with a larger focus on on-the-job training suddenly changing this to the most effective program by definition.\textbf{Lastly, the cost-benefit analysis resulted in negative net results except for selection on unobservables which resulted in positive results for 2000 and 2002.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:18:58Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/C3MYAKV6/Delajara2006_An_evaluation_of_training_for_the_unemployed_in_Mexico.pdf} } @@ -13381,13 +13263,6 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy}, pages = {962--966}, doi = {10.1126/science.1212973}, keywords = {country::Sri Lanka,program::cash grant,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study in Sri Lanka which evaluates the effects of cash grants on the long-term earnings of micro-entrepreneurs. -\par -It finds that, for male-owned microenterprises, continued increased earnings could still be seen 5 years after the initial cash grant. -\par -It also finds a large gender heterogeneity however, with female-owned microenterprises showing similar earnings to the control group. -\par -The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the business to the household and female-lead microenterprises being more likely situated in industries with low economies of scale.}, timestamp = {2022-04-29T09:12:02Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/EW8EZPIX/deMel2012_One-time_transfers_of_cash_or_capital_have_long-lasting_effects_on.pdf} } @@ -13464,7 +13339,6 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi issn = {1061-1991}, doi = {10.2753/PET1061-1991530101}, keywords = {country::Russia,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the earnings and employment probability outcomes of a vocational (re)training program targeted at unemployed in two regions of Russia.\textbf{The study finds no significant impacts on either earnings or employment probability overall.\textbf{However, there was quite some heterogeneity within those results, with disabled people in one of the two regions having significant increases to both employment and earnings.\textbf{Also in the same region, older beneficiaries that were aged over 45 years had a marginally positive impact on employment probability, while younger beneficiaries under 25 had a marginally negative impact on employment probabilities.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:20:49Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/SD9N25IK/Denisova2010_Are_Retraining_Programs_a_Panacea_for_the_Russian_Labor_Market.pdf} } @@ -13979,7 +13853,6 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, keywords = {country::US,inequality::migration,region::NA,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::institutional}, - note = {need to find out: Does it actually look at specific inequalities? Or does it just generally look at migration outcomes}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/F5K3WSN7/Deyo2022_Have_license,_will_travel.pdf} } @@ -14348,7 +14221,6 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi eissn = {2288-4645}, unique-id = {WOS:000542060800052}, keywords = {country::Vietnam,inequality::ethnicity,program::training,region::AP,relevance::unsure,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the effects of vocational training in ethnic minority areas in Vietnam on workers' earnings.\textbf{It finds that generally vocational training brings an increase in higher wage opportunities for workers due to increasing the general technical qualifications of workers.\textbf{Compared between the genders, the same vocational training level brought more wages to female workers than to male workers, which is explained due to male workers preferring temporary labor over more permanent factory work which female workers engage in more prominently.\textbf{The study makes the caveat, however, that vocational training in the minority areas may not be meeting market demand, which leads to a stark reduction in the potential productivity increases and vocational training more associated with regional practices is a recommendation to increase its effectiveness.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/W9MWSN2W/Do2020_Impact_of_vocational_training_on_wages_of_ethnic_minority_labors_in_Vietnam.pdf} } @@ -14971,7 +14843,6 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Green \& Sustainable Science \& Technology}, keywords = {country::Poland,inequality::spatial,method::qualitative,method::quantitative,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::regulation}, - note = {8th International Scientific Conference on Rural Development - Bioeconomy Challenges, Aleksandras Stulginskis Univ, Akademija, LITHUANIA, NOV 23-24, 2017}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/BE2QMSQZ/Dudek2017_Barriers_and_challenges_in_increasing_rural_employment.pdf} } @@ -15195,10 +15066,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Women-only transportation has become a popular option for urban women around the world who are tired of being groped and harassed in buses, subways and taxis. The separation of men and women in public transit is controversial among feminists, since it does not address or solve the fundamental issue of gender inequality which causes violence and harassment. However, less addressed among feminists is how violence makes women afraid to act collectively. To support them, the state can play a role in setting up measures to protect them, while they confront their attackers. This article shows how women's organisations in Mexico City use women-only transportation to create a safe place for female commuters, where municipal and state authorities have developed `pink transportation'. This includes segregated transport together with wider changes to laws, provision of support for victims of violence, and positive images of women which help women act collectively against violence. Pink transportation has catalysed creating wider conversations about gender discrimination, women's rights and gender equality in media and society.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Mexico,inequality::gender,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,region::LAC,sample::snowballing}, - note = {looks at PI outcomes; inequality; -\par -does NOT look at LM adjacency} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Mexico,inequality::gender,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,region::LAC,sample::snowballing} } @article{Dunstan2013, @@ -15304,8 +15172,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} type = {Article}, title = {Long-Run Growth Scenarios for the World Economy}, author = {Duval, Romain and {de la Maisonneuve}, Christine}, - year = {2010}, - month = jan, + year = {2010-01/2010-02}, journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING}, volume = {32}, number = {1}, @@ -15640,7 +15507,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} researcherid-numbers = {Regeer, Barbara/M-1207-2018}, unique-id = {WOS:000586015500008}, keywords = {country::Ethiopia,country::Kenya,country::Rwanda,country::Uganda,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A qualitative study on the barriers to inclusion of mentally disabled persons in technical and vocational training in Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Uganda, to see what is hindering them being a stronger target group for the programs.\textbf{It uses a three pillar model of culture, structure and practice as well as their interrelations as its framework of integration or exclusion.\textbf{It finds that there are interrelated barriers along all three pillars, with negative attitude toward persons with disabilities being a cultural barrier, the resulting legislative exclusion from primary school, confrontation with untrained teachers and rigid curricula posing a structural barrier, and both coming together to exclude them from the practice of technical/vocational education.\textbf{It suggests more up-to-date information on mental disability, an implementation of affirmative action and policy of inclusion, as well as a combination of tailor-made curricula and more specific teacher training.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/BCPTGSN9/Ebuenyi2020_Challenges_of_inclusion.pdf} } @@ -15812,8 +15678,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} type = {Article}, title = {Strategic Communications in Oral Health: {{Influencing}} Public and Professional Opinions and Actions}, author = {Edmunds, M and Fulwood, C}, - year = {2002}, - month = mar, + year = {2002-03/2002-04}, journal = {AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS}, volume = {2}, number = {2, S}, @@ -15919,8 +15784,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {8}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research; Psychology, Educational}, - keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::disability,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), Valencia, SPAIN, MAR 11-13, 2019} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::disability,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Eggleston2014, @@ -16346,8 +16210,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} type = {Article}, title = {A Critical Analysis of the Pension System in {{Turkey}} from a Gender Equality Perspective}, author = {Elveren, Adem Y.}, - year = {2013}, - month = nov, + year = {2013-11/2013-12}, journal = {Womens Studies International Forum}, volume = {41}, number = {1, SI}, @@ -16846,7 +16709,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} abstract = {Integrated approaches providing assistance to jobless individuals through the combination of income support and active labour market policies have been increasingly advocated in the policy debate, both by policy makers and international organizations. By helping people tackle immediate needs while promoting labour market reinsertion, these combined approaches are expected to improve labour market and social conditions in a sustainable manner. However, evidence on the effectiveness of this policy approach is extremely scant in emerging and developing economies. This paper studies a pivotal example of this policy trend through the evaluation of a public works programme provided alongside a cash transfer as part of a comprehensive social assistance programme that reached around 10 per cent of households in Uruguay between 2005 and 2007. We use rich administrative data of panel nature to study the effects of (i) participating in the public works programme (active component), (ii) receiving the cash transfer (income-support component), and (iii) benefiting jointly of the active and income-support programmes. Results on measures of labour market participation, employment quality, and civil society participation are non-significant across the board. Point estimates are nevertheless of the expected sign and of reasonable magnitude, suggesting that the programme came close to achieving its objective. Possible reasons of the limited effectiveness of the programme could include limited treatment intensity and lack of human capital accumulation. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, unique-id = {WOS:000554926900002}, keywords = {country::Urugay,lmp::active,lmp::passive,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An impact study comparing the outcomes of a Uruguayan public works component ('Trabajo por Uruguay'), income support component ('Plan de Asistencia Nacional a la Emergencie Social') and their combination on any of resulting employment probability, employment quality or civil society participation.\textbf{It uses administrative household-level survey panel data to find, even though all outcomes trended slightly positively, no statistically significant effect for most of the outcomes in any combination of the respective programs.\textbf{The only marginally significant outcome was on employment probability by the public work program on its own.\textbf{Reasons for the insignificance of these positive impact trends stipulated are the relatively limited intensity of treatment of the public works program (short time-span of work program), as well as limited accumulation of human capital (qualitatively insufficient accompanying training).\textbf{It concludes that the public work program was on the cusp of being beneficent and did help toward the objective of reducing extreme poverty, but lacked in sustained intensity, most importantly in its allotted time-frame, to be able to fulfill any long-term objectives.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ADH2KFIS/Escudero2020_Joint_provision_of_income_and_employment_support.pdf} } @@ -16855,8 +16717,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} type = {Article}, title = {The Rights-Based Approach to Care Policies: {{Latin American}} Experience}, author = {Esquivel, Valeria}, - year = {2017}, - month = oct, + year = {2017-10/2017-12}, journal = {INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY REVIEW}, volume = {70}, number = {4, SI}, @@ -17129,8 +16990,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} type = {Article}, title = {Differences in Perceptions of Career Barriers and Supports for People with Disabilities by Demographic, Background and Case Status Factors}, author = {Fabian, Ellen S. and Beveridge, Scott and Ethridge, Glacia}, - year = {2009}, - month = jan, + year = {2009-01/2009-03}, journal = {JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION}, volume = {75}, number = {1}, @@ -17217,8 +17077,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research}, - keywords = {inequality::ethnicity,inequality::racial,sample::database}, - note = {4th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), Valencia, SPAIN, MAR 08-10, 2010} + keywords = {inequality::ethnicity,inequality::racial,sample::database} } @article{Farkas1988, @@ -17347,8 +17206,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine; Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health}, - keywords = {inequality::disability,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {does not look at policy intervention; does not look at LM adjacency} + keywords = {inequality::disability,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Faur2018, @@ -18539,7 +18397,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} doi = {10.1111/ecoj.12509}, abstract = {Do high search costs affect the labour market outcomes of jobseekers living far away from jobs? I randomly assign transport subsidies to unemployed youth in urban Ethiopia. Treated respondents increase job search intensity and are more likely to find good, permanent, jobs. Subsidies also induce a short-term reduction in temporary work. I use a high-frequency phone call survey to track the trajectory of search behaviour over time to show that the subsidies significantly increased job search intensity and the use of formal search methods. The evidence suggests that cash constraints cause young people to give up looking for good jobs too early.}, keywords = {country::Ethiopia,program::transport subsidy,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on the impact of a transport subsidy for urban job searchers in Ethiopia, to analyze its impacts on employment probability and job quality of beneficiaries.\textbf{It splits its sample into two treatment groups, with one being sampled from people already looking for vacancies at a job board in the city center (active searchers, and on average more highly skilled) and people living in the periphery of the city (fewer active searchers, on average less highly skilled).\textbf{It finds that for both groups, the program significantly increased the short-term job quality, but with a more lasting effect on lower-skilled job searchers.\textbf{For the lower-skilled group it also finds a significant increase in employment probability and formal employment.\textbf{The results largely dissipate over time, but do show some persistence.\textbf{The study suggests that youth often gives up its job search early due to cash constraints, often resulting from prior location constraints.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/S6SFESQK/Franklin2018_Location,_Search_Costs_and_Youth_Unemployment.pdf} } @@ -18632,8 +18489,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {16}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Urban Studies}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::QUESTION,type::structural,type::work_programme}, - note = {include studies with analysis periods before post-war period?} + keywords = {country::US,inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::QUESTION,type::structural,type::work_programme} } @article{Freeman2012, @@ -18929,7 +18785,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} abstract = {Argentina's Proempleo Experiment, conducted in 1998--2000, was designed to assess whether a wage subsidy and specialized training could assist the transition from workfare to regular work. Randomly sampled workfare participants in a welfare-dependent urban area were given a voucher that entitled an employer to a sizable wage subsidy; a second sample also received the option of skill training; and a third sample formed the control group. The authors find that voucher recipients had a higher probability of employment than did the control group, even though the rate of actual take-up of vouchers by the hiring employers was very low. The employment gains were in the informal sector and largely confined to female workers, younger workers, and more educated workers. Skill training had no statistically significant impact overall, though once the analysis corrects for selective compliance, an impact for those with sufficient prior education is found.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Argentina,program::training,program::wage subsidy,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial of an employment subsidy voucher and training program 'Proempleo' in Argentina which tries to analyze its impacts on employment probabilities and earnings.\textbf{Generally, the takeup of both the partial (voucher) and the full (voucher and training) treatment were low, but even so the voucher had significant positive impact on employment probabilities.\textbf{The training on top overall had no significant impact, and neither of the treatments significantly affected earnings of participants.\textbf{There was quite some heterogeneity in the outcomes, with training having some positive impact for people with already higher education, and the overall treatments having much larger effect for women.\textbf{Most employments found were in temporary/informal work, which means that while the program allowed some to make a transition into waged employment, the study finds the results to be evidence of the program ultimately not succeeding in its objectives.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T09:39:59Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/WK6I9KI2/Galasso2004_Assisting_the_Transition_from_Workfare_to_Work.pdf} } @@ -18950,7 +18805,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} abstract = {This paper analyzes the link between training quality and labor-market outcomes. Multiple proxies for training quality are identified from bidding processes in which public and private training institutions compete for limited public funding in Peru. Information about exact dates of program enrollment is analyzed to show whether the first-come-first-served assignment rule randomized eligible individuals across courses of varying quality. Generalized propensity score (GPS) is implemented to estimate dose--response functions in the context of multiple treatments. We find that beneficiaries attending high-quality training courses show higher earnings and better job-quality characteristics than either beneficiaries attending low-quality courses or nonparticipants. The returns are particularly robust for women, making the provision of high-quality training services cost-effective. Furthermore, the most important training attribute is expenditures per trainee. Class size and infrastructure are weakly related to the expected impacts, while teacher experience, curricular activities, and market knowledge seem to bear no relationship with the expected impacts. External validity was assessed by using five cohorts of individuals over an eight-year period.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Peru,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study of administrative survey data on the youth training program 'PROJOVEN' in Peru, to analyze the difference of effect between high-quality and low-quality training offerings on participants' earnings, employment probability and job quality outcomes.\textbf{It finds significant heterogeneity in its outcomes for men and women, with only high-quality training increasing men's earnings and formal employment in the short-term, but a significant positive impact on women's earnings, employment probability and formal employment both short- and long-term for all training.\textbf{For training quality, the study uses an array of proxies, from which it finds that expenditure per trainee is the most important attribute, with small marginal significance of class sizes, infrastructure and institutional market demand knowledge for some outcomes, but no relationship at all between curricular structure and teacher experience for the outcomes.\textbf{It concludes that high-quality training is cost effective for both men and very highly effective for women, whereas lower quality training is not cost effective for men.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:30:51Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/3A2GI4WL/Galdo2012_Does_the_quality_of_public-sponsored_training_programs_matter.pdf} } @@ -18959,8 +18813,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} type = {{Article}}, title = {{Women and Work in Modern Society - the Importance of ``Gendered'' Work}}, author = {Galic, Branka}, - year = {2011}, - month = jan, + year = {2011-01/2011-04}, journal = {SOCIOLOGIJA I PROSTOR}, volume = {49}, number = {189}, @@ -19119,8 +18972,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} type = {Article}, title = {Community-Based Primary Care: {{Improving}} and Assessing Diabetes Management}, author = {Gannon, Meghan and Qaseem, Amir and Snow, Vincenza}, - year = {2010}, - month = jan, + year = {2010-01/2010-02}, journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL QUALITY}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, @@ -19554,7 +19406,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} eissn = {1469-364X}, unique-id = {WOS:000495889900001}, keywords = {country::Nepal,inequality::gender,program::public works,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A qualitative study on the impact of the 'Karnali Employment Programme', a public works program in Nepal on female empowerment, specifically through the improvement of job quality and remuneration available to women.\textbf{At its basis it uses the ILO Decent Work framework to argue for a direct relationship between job quality, balance of paid, unpaid and care work, and individual empowerment.\textbf{It finds that, ultimately the program does not provide significant increase in job quality, or resulting empowerment, due to the type of work not enhancing human capital, general workplace conditions, missing social protection, and no regard being taken for additional unpaid carework (i.e. no childcare provisions).\textbf{The concrete channels these issues become noticeable are the lack of flexible work timings, lighter work for pregnant women, childcare facilities and any possibilities for organization, to enact coherent social changes.\textbf{Lastly, there are too few hours of work paid through the program for the formal wage equality to significantly impact earnings, especially with the additional hours of unpaid care work still required of the women.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/JD4CXR4X/Ghosh2019_Paid_work,_unpaid_care_work_and_women's_empowerment_in_Nepal.pdf} } @@ -19598,8 +19449,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Geography}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {Joint Conference of the International-Geographical-Union/Institute-of-Australian-Geographers/New -Zealand-Geographical-Society, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, JUL 03-07, 2006} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Gibson2014, @@ -19674,8 +19524,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {6}, web-of-science-categories = {Business; Psychology, Applied; Management}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Kenya,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::database}, - note = {13th European Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance (ECMLG), City Univ London, Cass Business Sch, London, ENGLAND, DEC 11-12, 2017} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Kenya,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::database} } @article{Gilbert1982, @@ -19905,15 +19754,6 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} number = {6959}, institution = {World Bank}, keywords = {country::Pakistan,program::cash grant,program::training,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental control trial on the effect of either business training or a large cash grant on the earnings potential of micro-entrepreneurs in rural Pakistan. -\par -It finds that the business training has significant positive impacts on earnings as well as business knowledge and firm survival, while the large cash grant carries no significant impact. -\par -The authors suggest that this shows that possible borrowing constraints may already be satisfied through the normal credit loan possibility in the country. -\par -While the business training has positive effects, it is overall still not cost-effective, which may be one reason why few microfinance institutions are offering it. -\par -Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their business knowledge similarly to men but not seeing the same significant positive impacts on earnings, which the authors suggest in turn depends more on their ability to exercise independent agency.}, timestamp = {2022-04-29T10:11:13Z} } @@ -20095,7 +19935,6 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin abstract = {We use a general equilibrium model to analyse the employment effects and fiscal cost of a wage subsidy in South Africa. We capture the structural characteristics of the labour market with several labour categories and substitution possibilities, linking the economy-wide results to a micro-simulation model with occupational choice probabilities to investigate the poverty and distributional consequences. The employment impact depends greatly on the elasticities of substitution of factors of production, being very minimal if unskilled and skilled labour are complements in production. The impact is improved by supporting policies, but the gains remain modest if the labour market is rigid.}, unique-id = {WOS:000283552200001}, keywords = {done::extracted,region::SSA,sample::almp,type::subsidy}, - note = {A study using a general equilibrium labor market model as well as a more micro-level household impact modeling to estimate the impact of an employment subsidy on South African unemployment reduction probabilities, as well as general earnings effects.\textbf{It predicts a positive but modest impact on employment with an increase in employment primarily for low-/semi-skilled labor, accompanied by reductions in poverty and inequality.\textbf{It also finds that the employment impacts majorly depend on the elasticity of substitution of the factors of production, primarily the relationship of skilled and unskilled labor.\textbf{If both are rigid complements in production, which the study suggests they are due to South Africa's lack of labor market flexibility, it may lead to an overall labor demand/supply rigidity which greatly hinders the impact of such an employment subsidy.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/HRCKMFUU/Go2010_Wage_subsidy_and_labour_market_flexibility_in_south_africa.pdf} } @@ -20314,8 +20153,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin type = {{Article}}, title = {{People with disabilities: barriers to access to employment and some alternatives of inclusion in Colombia}}, author = {Gomez Rua, Natalia Eugenia and Perez Medina, Ana Lucia and Lopez Arango, Diana Maria and Medina Ruiz, Maria Fernanda}, - year = {2020}, - month = jun, + year = {2020-06/2020-12}, journal = {REVISTA CES DERECHO}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, @@ -21181,7 +21019,6 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin abstract = {Abstract We test the role of search and matching frictions in explaining the high unemployment of tertiary-educated youth in Jordan through a randomized experiment. Firms and job candidates were provided with a job-matching service based on educational backgrounds and psychometric assessments. Although more than 1,000 matches were made, youth rejected the opportunity of an interview in 28 percent of cases, and when a job offer was received, they rejected this offer or quickly quit the job 83 percent of the time. The results suggest voluntary unemployment in this context arises from preferences over non-wage job attributes.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Jordan,program::job market services,region::MENA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on job matching for university graduates through an intermediary after a psychometric pre-secreening process in Jordan wants to analyze its effects on the resulting employment probability and earnings.\textbf{Although over 1000 successful matches were made the resulting number of mediated jobs kept was very small (9), with employers rejecting to offer an interview in 55\% of matched cases but also offering a job to 54\% of people interviewed.\textbf{Candidates rejected 28\% of invitation offers and either rejected job offers or quit within the first month 83\% of the time.\textbf{While the study theorized that the job matching would lower search costs on both sides, it finds that employers might not profit majorly from lowered search costs (already easily filling vacancies) and candidates having a high reservation utility with many offered jobs ultimately deemed undesirable for the following characteristics: \textbf{considered monotonous/hard work/tiring, conflicting with gender norms, carrying prestige/social costs.\textbf{With no significant impact on employment probability or earnings, the study therefore finds job matching for its university educated sample not positively impactful.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:35:06Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/NTKCEIW4/Groh2015_Testing_the_importance_of_search_frictions_and_matching_through_a_randomized.pdf} } @@ -21200,7 +21037,6 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin abstract = {This study examines the impact of a randomized experiment in Jordan in which female community college graduates were assigned to receive a wage subsidy voucher. The wage voucher led to a 38 percentage point increase in employment in the short run, but the average effect is much smaller and no longer statistically significant after the voucher period has expired. The extra job experience gained as a result of the wage subsidy does not provide a stepping-stone to new jobs for these recent graduates, which appears to be due to productivity levels not rising above a binding minimum wage.}, jstor = {24917030}, keywords = {country::Jordan,program::wage subsidy,region::MENA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on the impact of employment subsidy for female graduates of community colleges in Jordan to analyze the effects on employment probability and earnings.\textbf{While there was a significant impact on short-term employment probability and earnings, this effect dropped of medium-term (survey 4 months after voucher period end) to insignificant impact levels and stays insignificant long-term.\textbf{The study finds that after expiry of the vouchers the employees, though gaining on-the-job experience through their subsidized work period, are not found productive enough by employers to be kept on, with a binding minimum wage which prevents employment at wage levels that would be commensurate with their productivity.\textbf{The voucher use itself, however, is substantially higher than in similar wage subsidy studies, with 50\% of vouchers handed out used and the larger relative portion of those used outside the capital city.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/M5FZC9NG/Groh2016_Do_Wage_Subsidies_Provide_a_Stepping-Stone_to_Employment_for_Recent_College.pdf} } @@ -21732,7 +21568,6 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin usage-count-since-2013 = {53}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::education,inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, - note = {3rd Annual World Bank Conference on Inequality, Washington, DC, JUN 05-06, 2006}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/LS2ZWHM7/Gutierrez_Tanaka_2009_Inequality and education decisions in developing countries.pdf} } @@ -21801,8 +21636,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {18}, web-of-science-categories = {Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory \& Methods}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::disability,out::title,sample::database}, - note = {11th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction (UAHCI) held as part of 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International), Vancouver, CANADA, JUL 09-14, 2017} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::disability,out::title,sample::database} } @incollection{Hackl2016, @@ -21978,8 +21812,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin type = {Article}, title = {Developing the {{Nurse Practitioner}} Role in a Rural {{Australian}} Hospital - a {{Delphi}} Study of Practice Opportunities, Barriers and Enablers}, author = {Haines, Helen M. and Critchley, Jennifer}, - year = {2009}, - month = sep, + year = {2009-09/2009-11}, journal = {AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, @@ -22431,11 +22264,6 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin isbn = {978-1-78714-606-8 978-1-78714-605-1}, langid = {english}, keywords = {inequality::disability,review::systematic,sample::snowballing,TODO::review}, - note = {a review looking at a) components of vocational rehab; b) changed skills after voca rehab. -\par -Does not directly look at inequality outcomes? -\par -Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/DSN7AUTV/Hanif2017_A_Systematic_Review_of_Vocational_Interventions_for_Youth_with_Physical.pdf} } @@ -22812,13 +22640,6 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies abstract = {The aim of this scoping review is to explore previous scientific studies relating to the scholarly understanding of societal participation of people with disabilities. Six relevant databases within social science were searched using societal participation of people with disabilities, or different combinations thereof, as search words. The criteria for inclusion were: working-age people with disabilities; societal participation; accounting for facilitators or/and barriers of participation; geographical focus on or link to Europe, peer-reviewed studies using quantitative or qualitative methods published in English between January 2012 and December 2013. Thirty-two studies met these inclusion criteria. Each study was analysed relating to four measures: identity of the participator group, type of participation; type of facilitators; type of barriers. The findings show that there is a dominating focus on labour market participation and that societal participation was studied mostly concerning disabled people in general instead of any specific group. The main barriers identified were related to financial factors, attitudes, health issues and unemployment. The most frequently identified facilitators were related to legislation and disability policies, as well as to support from people in close contact with disabled people, attitudes in society and employment opportunities for people with disabilities. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Association ALTER.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::social,outcome::wage,review::scoping,snowball_source}, - note = {scoping review of linkages between societal participation and people with disabilities for identity of participant, type of participation, type of facilitators and barriers; focus on European countries (n=32, between 2012-2013) -\par -main findings: strongest focus on labour market participation; social participation viewed through lens of disabled people as one group instead of intersectional -\par -main barriers: financial factors, attitudes, health issues, unemployment -\par -main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in close contact with disabled people, attitudes in society and employment opportunities for people with disabilities}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/4C8EVVV6/Hastbacka et al_2016_Barriers and facilitators to societal participation of people with disabilities.pdf} } @@ -23220,8 +23041,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {13}, web-of-science-categories = {Health Care Sciences \& Services; Health Policy \& Services; Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Rehabilitation}, - keywords = {inequality::age,inequality::disability,out::title,sample::database}, - note = {does not look at specific policy intervention} + keywords = {inequality::age,inequality::disability,out::title,sample::database} } @article{Heeks2014, @@ -23626,7 +23446,6 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c abstract = {This paper attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of Bolivia's labor market institutions, particularly the Plan Nacional de Empleo de Emergencia (PLANE). It is found that unemployment as conventionally defined may not be the most important problem in Bolivia's labor market, as the non-salaried market is always an alternative. While unemployment durations and unemployment scarring consequences are relatively low, labor market regulations and labor market programs do not help to increase the size of the formal market, apparently as a result of Bolivia's rigid labor markets and labor policies based mainly on temporary employment programs. Such programs, however, may have helped to smooth consumption. Given the country's high level of informality, protection policies are second best to active policies specifically designed to increase the productivity/employability of vulnerable populations.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Bolivia,program::public works,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp,social protection}, - note = {A study on the effects of the 'Plan Nacional de Empleo de Emergencia (PLANE)' public works program in Bolivia on earnings, employment probability and consumption of participating households between 2002 and 2004.\textbf{It finds significant positive effects on household consumption after the program, indicating a success for the program's objective of being a consumption-smoothing scheme in times of recession.\textbf{It also finds no significant effects on employment probability and a lower bound of no significance and an upper bound of significant negative effects on monthly earnings of a household after having participated in the program.\textbf{Negative significant effects of the program may be attributed to a negative impact of the program, or negative self-selection which it was largely based on.\textbf{This negative self-selection results from the program targeting unemployed people in a highly informal economy with no way of directly monitoring (or enforcing) prior unemployment for participants.\textbf{Thus, the authors conclude that while such public works programs are useful social protection measures short-term during times of recession, they are not a good alternative for improving the employability of vulnerable populations which requires other targeted active programs.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:39:21Z} } @@ -23828,17 +23647,6 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c year = {2013}, institution = {International Growth Centre}, keywords = {country::Kenya,program::training,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial on the effects of participating in the 'Technical and Vocational Vouchers Program' in Kenya, analyzing its effects on participants' earnings, employment probability and resulting job quality. -\par -Participants were randomly assigned either to receive a voucher to receive training in a public institution or free choice of training in a public or private institution, with a control group receiving no vouchers. -\par -The study also included a cross-cutting sampling of providing future labour market information to training participants, though there were no significant outcomes of this cross-cutting intervention. -\par -Overall it finds limited evidence for an increase in earnings, but for workers engaged in wage work it finds a significant increase in wage earnings. -\par -On the other hand, there are no significant changes on employment probability itself and no significant impacts on participants' job quality, except for a lower probability of carrying a full time employment. -\par -The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some participants the duration between training end and data collection was only a few months, so some impacts may not have developed past the possibility for short term evaluation.}, timestamp = {2022-04-08T15:03:52Z} } @@ -24069,7 +23877,6 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part doi = {10.1111/ecoj.12211}, abstract = {We use a randomised experiment to evaluate Turkey's vocational training programmes for the unemployed. A detailed follow-up survey of a large sample with low attrition enables precise estimation of treatment impacts and their heterogeneity. The average impact of training on employment is positive but close to zero and statistically insignificant, which is much lower than programme officials and applicants expected. Over the first year, training had statistically significant effects on the quality of employment and these positive impacts are stronger when training is offered by private providers. However, administrative data show that after three years these effects have also dissipated.}, keywords = {country::Turkey,program::training,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial studying the short- and medium-term impacts of vocational training for the unemployed in Turkey, analyzing its effects on employment probability and job quality.\textbf{In general it finds that the programs, short-term (first year), have a positive impact on both employment probability and the job quality of participants, but this effect dissipates after roughly three years.\textbf{The study also suggests that private courses may offer better results due to being more responsive to labor market and employer demands, and operating with more competition which requires a quality increase in their program.\textbf{A cost-benefit analysis deems the programs' benefits not exceeding their costs with the dissipating medium-term impacts.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/AYLXCUM8/Hirshleifer2016_The_Impact_of_Vocational_Training_for_the_Unemployed.pdf} } @@ -24410,7 +24217,6 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-7404}, abstract = {This study uses a randomized experiment to evaluate the impacts of the training and internship program piloted in Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu counties by the Kenya Private Sector Alliance and the Government of Kenya with support from the World Bank's Kenya Youth Empowerment Project. The program provided three months of classroom-based technical training coupled with three months of internships in private firms to vulnerable youths between ages 15 and 29 years, with vulnerable being defined as those out of school and/or with no permanent job. The analysis in this paper is based on survey data collected before the program started (July 2012) and 15 months after the program ended (July 2014). The results of the impact evaluation show that the program has been successful in placing youths in paid jobs and has contributed to an increase of 15 percent in current employment among male participants. The evaluation also found that the program has had positive effects on wage earnings, especially those of females and among older males, with wages increasing by about K Sh 5,000 for males and by K Sh 7,500 for females. With a total unit cost of K Sh 97,000 per beneficiary, an estimated K Sh 6,768 monthly wage for males and K Sh 9,623 monthly wage for females, the program's benefits exceeded the costs for males and females. The program also encouraged youths to participate in either (certified) skills training or an internship program, and helped to increase the probability of participants' opening a bank account and accumulating savings (for females).}, keywords = {area::urban,country::Kenya,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {An experimental study on the 'Kenya Youth Empowerment Program' which combines vocational training and internships, trying to analyze the impacts on earnings and employment probability of participants.\textbf{The study created two treatment groups, one only receiving 2 weeks of life skills training, another receiving the same training, vocational training and on-the-job training through an internship, and a control group receiving no training.\textbf{It finds that solely participating in the life skills training had no significant impacts on any outcomes.\textbf{Participating in the full treatment, however, significantly increased participants' employment probability and earnings.\textbf{It finds some heterogeneity, with larger earnings effects for women and older men, as well as that the program selected for a more highly educated target group than its ostensible goal.\textbf{The program was cost effective for both men and women.\textbf{While the female sample has to be taken with some caution due to a possible bias through its high attrition rate, it suggested that women finishing the program are more likely to open a bank account and accumulate savings.}}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/5VB8R6K5/honorati2015impact_The_impact_of_private_sector_internship_and_training_on_urban_youth_in_Kenya.pdf} } @@ -24564,8 +24370,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part type = {Article}, title = {Services for People with Communication Disability in {{Fiji}}: Barriers and Drivers of Change}, author = {Hopf, S. C. and McLeod, S.}, - year = {2015}, - month = jul, + year = {2015-07/2015-09}, journal = {RURAL AND REMOTE HEALTH}, volume = {15}, number = {2863}, @@ -24781,7 +24586,6 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part doi = {10.2478/izajodm-2019-0003}, abstract = {Policymakers typically try to address youth unemployment in developing countries through either active labor market programs (ALMPs) or labor-intensive public works programs (LIPWs). We examine whether there is any additional benefit for unemployed youth from participating in a comprehensive ALMP compared to a LIPW. We exploit an unanticipated intervention in the largest employment program in Papua New Guinea, which resulted in one intake of the program completing a LIPW and missing out on a comprehensive ALMP. We conduct a difference-in-difference analysis between participants in the intake that missed out on the ALMP component of the program and participants in the intakes immediately before and after. In contrast to most impact evaluations of ALMPs, we show youth that completed the comprehensive ALMP were around twice as likely to be employed in the formal sector 9--12 months after the program compared to similar youth in the intake that only completed a LIWP. This effect was entirely driven by 20\% of youth who participated in the ALMP staying with the employer they were placed with following the end of the program. Surveys of these employers illustrate that they use the ALMP as a low-cost, low-risk, and relatively low-effort way of hiring new employees.}, keywords = {country::Papa New Guinea,lmp::active,program::public works,region::AP,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the effects of a variety of ALMP (public works, vocational training, job matching and an employment subsidy) on both employment probability and job quality of youth in Papua New Guinea versus solely providing them with the public works opportunity.\textbf{It finds that completion of the more comprehensive ALMP had a significant positive impact on being formally employed within 9-12 months as opposed to only participating in the public works, but no other changes in job quality were measurable.\textbf{The channel this difference manifested itself through was entirely 20\% of participants of ALMP staying with the employer they were placed at through the measures.\textbf{Those not staying at their assigned employer had no significant increase in employment probability, which suggests that employers use the ALMP as a low-cost, low-risk and low-effort way of hiring new employees.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/IC92EUJE/Hoy2019_The_marginal_benefit_of_an_active_labor_market_program_relative_to_a_public.pdf} } @@ -25182,7 +24986,6 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science \& Technology}, keywords = {cited::channels,country::US,inequality::income,inequality::spatial,out::full-text,sample::database,type::infrastructure}, - note = {83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board, Washington, DC, JAN 11-15, 2004}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/MV6PI2TS/Hunt2004_Regional_transit_program_for_welfare_to_work_in_Chicago,_Illinois_-_Three_years.pdf} } @@ -25306,7 +25109,6 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part year = {2007}, institution = {{Office of Evaluation and Oversight, Inter-American Development Bank}}, keywords = {country::Panama,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {Study analyzes effect of 'PROCAJOVEN' vocational training program on population of Panama regarding their earnings, employment probability and hours worked.\textbf{It generally finds only marginally significant positive changes, though a more significant effect for women, especially those people living in urban environments.\textbf{For monthly earnings it does not find any significant impact.\textbf{However, even with the marginal impacts found there is a generally positive cost-benefit analysis, with the program costs recovered in about one year (for men) and already after three months (for women).}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:45:44Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/CQZA9KKI/Ibarraran2007_Impact_evaluation_of_a_labor_training_program_in_Panama.pdf} } @@ -25326,7 +25128,6 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part abstract = {This paper presents an impact evaluation of a revamped version of the Dominican Republic's youth training program Juventud y Empleo. The paper analyzes the impact of the program on traditional labor market outcomes and on outcomes related to youth behavior and life style, expectations about the future and socio-emotional skills. In terms of labor market outcomes, the program has a positive impact on job formality for men of about 17 percent and there is also a seven percent increase in monthly earnings among those employed. However, there are no overall impacts on employment rates. Regarding non-labor market outcomes, the program reduces teenage pregnancy by five percentage points in the treatment group (about 45 percent), which is consistent with an overall increase in youth expectations about the future. The program also has a positive impact on non-cognitive skills as measured by three different scales. Scores improve between 0.08 and 0.16 standard deviations with the program. Although recent progress noted in the literature suggests that socio-emotional skills increase employability and quality of employment, the practical significance of the impacts is unclear, as there is only weak evidence that the life skills measures used are associated to better labor market performance. This is an area of growing interest and relevance that requires further research.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Dominican Republic,group::youth,inequality::age,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control experiment of the youth training program 'Juventud y Empleo' in the Dominican Republic which analyzes the employment probability, earnings and formal employment outcomes of a treatment group receiving vocational training and on-the-job experience through an internship.\textbf{There is no overall significant impact on employment probability. \textbf{However, for men there is a significant positive impact on job formality (measured through provided health insurance) and for participants already employed a significant positive impact on earnings.\textbf{For people living in urban areas, the majority of the sample, the effects were larger.\textbf{Aside from labor market outcomes it measured the impact on life skill from the program on which it had a slight positive impact, and determined an overall reduction in teenage pregnancies, which it found consistent with the individual increasing youth expectations for the future.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:47:02Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/CNJLF6SU/Ibarraran2014_Life_skills,_employability_and_training_for_disadvantaged_youth.pdf} } @@ -25344,7 +25145,6 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part abstract = {This paper presents the results of a randomized controlled trial on the long-term impacts of a youth training program. The empirical analysis estimates labor market impacts six years after the training -- including long-term labor market trajectories of young people -- and, to the best of our knowledge, is the first experimental long-term evaluation of a youth training program outside the US. We are able to track a representative sample of more than 3,200 youths at the six-year follow-up. Our empirical findings document significant impacts on the formality of employment, particularly for men, and impacts for both men and women in Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic. The long-term analysis shows that these impacts are sustained and growing over time. There are no impacts on average employment, which is consistent with the low unemployment in countries with high informality and no unemployment insurance. Looking at the local labor market context, the analysis suggests that skills training programs work particularly well in more dynamic local contexts, where there is actual demand for the skills provided.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Dominican Republic,group::youth,inequality::age,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A long-term follow-up (6 years) to previous short-term experimental studies for the training program 'Juventud y Empleo' in the Dominican Republic, looking for the long-term outcomes on employment probability, earnings, and formal employment for a vocational training with on-the-job (internship) component.\textbf{The study finds that, over long-term, initial gains in formal employment, after overtaking the control near the end of the program, steadily increase and become significant over long-term for men and for participants living in urban environments, suggesting a lock-in effect for them.\textbf{For women living in urban environments there are medium-term positive increases in earnings but they vanish long-term.\textbf{For men there are no significant impacts either on overall employment probability or earnings.\textbf{Aside from labor market outcomes, there are significant positive impacts on participants' future expectations and welfare perceptions, with more larger impacts for women.\textbf{The study suggests the program is thus working especially well in dynamic local contexts and where the trained skills match labor demand.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T14:26:43Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/8LMDQMXX/Ibarraran2019_Experimental_Evidence_on_the_Long-Term_Impacts_of_a_Youth_Training_Program.pdf} } @@ -25578,8 +25378,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part type = {{Article}}, title = {{Why the U. S. needs a \$15 minimum wage. How the Raise the Wage Act would benefit U. S. workers and their families}}, author = {Inst, Economic Policy and Project, Natl Employment Law}, - year = {2021}, - month = apr, + year = {2021-04/2021-06}, journal = {TRIMESTRE ECONOMICO}, volume = {88}, number = {350}, @@ -26091,7 +25890,6 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part researcherid-numbers = {Maitra, Pushkar/R-9003-2019}, unique-id = {WOS:000453497900021}, keywords = {country::India,region::AP,relevance::unsure,sample::almp}, - note = {take-up of English courses was lower if individuals spoke Urdu at home but family characteristics (religion, gender, caste, household size or assets) had no influence\textbf{Annotation\textbf{A study on college undergraduate population living in Hyderabad, India, who were selected, based on self-reported ability to speak English and their ambitions to improve English skills, to randomly receive full (100\%), partial (50\%), or no (0\%) subsidy towards the cost of a spoken English language program. \textbf{The distance to training centers posed a significant barrier to take-up, as did a previous enrolment in a similar course.\textbf{People receiving a subsidy were significantly more likely to participate in the program with the effect of the full subsidy also being significantly different from partial subsidy, indicating an economic barrier to program participation as well.\textbf{Policy recommendations center around the location of skill training centers in close proximity of an individual's radius of daily routine (in this case, close to the college), creating efficient program targeting through prior skill screening to filter out pre-existing high quality skills or prior participation in training programs.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ZUCNNJNH/Jain2019_Barriers_to_skill_acquisition.pdf} } @@ -26110,7 +25908,6 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part abstract = {We apply recent advances in propensity-score matching (PSM) to the problem of estimating the distribution of net income gains from an Argentinean workfare program. PSM has a number of attractive features in this context, including the need to allow for heterogeneous impacts, while optimally weighting observed characteristics when forming a comparison group. The average direct gain to the participant is found to be about half the gross wage. Over half of the beneficiaries are in the poorest decile nationally, and 80\%\% are in the poorest quintile. Our PSM estimator is reasonably robust to a number of changes in methodology.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Argentina,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A propensity score matching study on the antipoverty public works program 'Trabajar' in Argentina, using administrative survey data for 1997 to analyze the program's targeting and impacts on earnings.\textbf{It finds significant positive impacts for participants, and a generally well pro-poor targeting through the program using simple self-selection through its temporary provision of low wages.\textbf{There are larger earnings impacts for a younger cohort (15-24y), but generally a more pro-poor earnings distribution in the older cohort (25-64y).\textbf{Restricting the sample to women, who had a very low participation rate, shows generally larger earnings impacts but also a less pro-poor distribution, suggestive of overall lower wages for women in other work making the program more attractive to the non-poor.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:50:32Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/86PY8MFW/Jalan2003_Estimating_the_Benefit_Incidence_of_an_Antipoverty_Program_by_Propensity-Score.pdf} } @@ -26655,10 +26452,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {41}, web-of-science-categories = {Nursing; Obstetrics \& Gynecology; Pediatrics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,inequality::racial,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database,sample::snowballing}, - note = {inequality analysis with LM adjacency; -\par -no PI} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,inequality::racial,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database,sample::snowballing} } @article{Johnson2015a, @@ -26870,8 +26664,7 @@ no PI} urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {How would universal and permanent cash transfers affect the labor market? Since 1982, all Alaskan residents have received a yearly cash dividend from the Alaska Permanent Fund. Using data from the Current Population Survey and a synthetic control method, we show that the dividend had no effect on employment, and increased part-time work by 1.8 percentage points (17\%). We calibrate expected micro and macro effects of the cash transfer using prior literature, and find our results to be consistent with cash stimulating the local economy --- a general equilibrium effect. We further show that non-tradable sectors have a more positive employment response than tradable sectors. Overall, our results suggest that a universal and permanent cash transfer does not significantly decrease aggregate employment.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::US,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::snowballing,type::direct_transfer}, - note = {looks at probability of employment only (part-time, full-time, equilibria); NOT outcomes on inequalities} + keywords = {country::US,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::snowballing,type::direct_transfer} } @article{Jones2021, @@ -27074,8 +26867,7 @@ no PI} type = {{Article}}, title = {{Female union exclusions: The deepening of gender inequalities in labor world and institutions of union power}}, author = {Julieta Rodriguez, Tania and Cuellar Camarena, Maria Andrea}, - year = {2018}, - month = nov, + year = {2018-11/2018-04}, journal = {DERECHO Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES}, number = {20}, pages = {33--47}, @@ -29314,25 +29106,6 @@ no PI} abstract = {Supported employment is an evidence-based practice with a well-established research base. Most studies track such outcomes as employment rates, time to employment and wages earned. Few studies address client and contextual factors that impact outcomes or consider program elements beyond those that comprise the individual placement and support model. This paper reviews existing literature to shed light on the following questions: (1) What impact do labour market trends have on the effectiveness of SE? (2) How lasting are the effects of SE and what factors influence longevity of SE effects? (3) What levels and types of employment are targeted by SE? (4) What are the characteristics of people who benefit from SE? (5) What is the role of peer support in SE? and (6) What are the barriers to effective SE implementation? Research findings are synthesized and suggestions for service enhancements are offered so that the model can continue to evolve.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::age,inequality::disability,inequality::gender,intervention::employment_support,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::job_quality,review::narrative,snowball_source}, - note = {review of factors influencing LM outcomes of supported employment interventions for people with disabilities -\par -main findings: -\par -- most employment support literature only looks at overall efficacy of interventions, with little prudence for intersectional inequality variations -\par -inequalities: -\par -- men more likely to be employed (argue possibly due to manual labour of many jobs) -\par -- older people less likely to be employed (age+, change-) -\par -- older women more likely to be employed than men -\par -- education very important in employment outcomes -\par -policy recc: -\par -- vocational rehabilitation}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/6PID2PJX/Kirsh_2016_Client, Contextual and Program Elements Influencing Supported Employment.pdf} } @@ -29454,7 +29227,6 @@ policy recc: abstract = {Business training is a widely used development tool, yet little is known about its impact. We study the effects of such a business training program held in Central America. To deal with endogenous selection into the training program, we use a regression discontinuity design, exploiting the fact that a fixed number of applicants are taken into the training program based on a pre-training score. Business training significantly increases the probability that an applicant to the workshop starts a business or expands an existing business. Results also suggest gender heterogeneity as well as the presence of financial constraints.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::El Salvador,country::Guatemala,country::Nicaragua,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on a business training program by TechnoServe for entrepeneurial participants from Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua to find out its effects on self-employment probability (business start) and number of employees (business expansion).\textbf{The program consisted of an initial round of classroom training, and a second round of more individual training with competitions possible granting participants prize money.\textbf{It finds that the classroom training part of the program had a significant positive effect on business expansion, but no significant effect on business starts.\textbf{The full training including more individually 1-on-1 training, however, had a significant effect both on business starts and business expansions, with won prize money having a large significant impact on both, especially for women.\textbf{This suggests an overall constraint on business start and expansion through financial barriers, with the constraint being larger for women.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:52:03Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/CY4FD5CA/Klinger2011_Can_entrepreneurial_activity_be_taught.pdf} } @@ -30061,8 +29833,7 @@ policy recc: usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {11}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {Workshop on Growth, Dynamics, and Economic Policy in honor of Stephen J Turnovsky, Inst Adv Studies (IHS), Vienna, AUSTRIA, MAY 20-22, 2010} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Kraft2018, @@ -30227,7 +29998,6 @@ policy recc: researcherid-numbers = {Skougarevskiy, Dmitriy/AAG-4908-2019}, unique-id = {WOS:000736377000001}, keywords = {country::Russia,program::wage subsidy,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the effects on the employer side of employment subsidies in Russia, analyzing the resulting employment, profitability and firm survival.\textbf{It is done in the wake of the economic shock of COVID-19, under which a program in Russia was started subsidizing SMEs ({$<$}250 employees) with a minimum wage grant for retaining 90\% of their work force.\textbf{It finds that there are no significant effects on either of firm survival or profitability and it also did not affect employee's probability of remaining employed.\textbf{The study argues an optimal subsidy should incentivize firms toward the socially optimal decision of shutting down or remaining open, depending on the shadow price of labor, shock permanence and re-opening costs and subsidy targeting should follow this logic to off-set shocks just enough to stay in business.\textbf{However, with the limited amount of information available to policy implementers (program used primary industry code) and the overall limited scope possible for the Russian subsidy program this was not able to be done here, for example targeting firms that were not planning to reduce employment in the first place.\textbf{The study authors instead recommend to implement a universal wage subsidy program which is not targeted by being conditioned on being in specific affected industries.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z} } @@ -30235,8 +30005,7 @@ policy recc: type = {Article; Proceedings Paper}, title = {Poverty Targeting, Resource Degradation and Heterogeneous Endowments - {{A}} Micro-Simulation Analysis of a Less-Favored {{Ethiopian}} Village}, author = {Kuiper, Marijke and Ruben, Ruerd}, - year = {2007}, - month = sep, + year = {2007-09/2007-11}, journal = {AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, volume = {37}, number = {2-3}, @@ -30253,8 +30022,7 @@ policy recc: usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {17}, web-of-science-categories = {Agricultural Economics \& Policy; Economics}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {26th Meeting of the International-Association-of-Agricultural-Economists (IAAE), Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, AUG 12-18, 2006} + keywords = {sample::database} } @incollection{Kuiper2007a, @@ -30379,19 +30147,6 @@ policy recc: abstract = {Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the themes of relationship between female labor force participation (FLFP) and economic growth, gender disparity in work participation; and to identify the factors which determine females to participate in labor market. The paper uses a framework incorporating a U-shaped relationship between FLFP and economic growth, gender wise wage disparity and economic, social, cultural and other factors which affects FLFP. Design/methodology/approach Thematically, the selected literature falls into three main categories: the relationship between FLFP and economic growth; disparity in work participation in terms of male and female wages; and drivers or determinants of FLFP which have been described using international documents and experiences of the different countries. The review closes by identifying gaps in the existing research base and by suggesting areas for inquiry that have been untouched and warrant further research. Findings The key findings emerging from this examination of literature show that the FLFP rate exhibits a U-shaped during the process of economic development. Also, there are evidences of gender pay disparity across the sectors which have been justified by documenting a large number of existing literatures. Demographic factors (including fertility, migration, marriages and child care), economic factors (including unemployment, per capita income, non-farm job and infrastructure) and other explanatory variables which include the regulatory context encompassing family and childcare policies, tax regimes, and presence of subsidized health-care for workers determine the FLFP. Practical implications This paper suggests that in order to bring equality in gender pay gap, there is a requirement of replacing the traditional value system. There is need to provide an environment in which women are encouraged and supported in their efforts, in which women have equitable access to resources and opportunities. Social implications This paper addresses the impact of education, culture and child care subsidies on female labor participation. They positively impact FLFP and such a link has not been sufficiently addressed in prior literature. Originality/value In contrast to previous studies which document a broad-based picture of female work participation, this type of research deals with the link between economic growth and female labor participation, gender wage disparity and determinants of it which has been largely unexplored so far.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,outcome::labour_supply,review::narrative,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball_source,TODO::review}, - note = {systematic review looking at relationship of female labour force participation and economic growth, gender disparity in work participation -\par -main findings: U-shaped part. rate; evidence of gender pay disparity across sectors -\par -channels affecting FLFP: -\par -- demographic factors (fertility, migration, marriages, child care) -\par -- economic factors (unemployment, per capita income, non-farm job, infrastructure) -\par -- regulatory context (family and childcare policies, tax regimes, presence of subsidized healthcare) -\par -policy recc: changes to FLFP require replacement of traditional value system based on inequality of sexes (with females playing subordinate role)}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/5AR58NJ2/Kumari2018_Economic_growth,_disparity,_and_determinants_of_female_labor_force_participation.pdf} } @@ -30969,8 +30724,7 @@ policy recc: changes to FLFP require replacement of traditional value system bas type = {Article}, title = {Exchanging Sex for Material Resources: {{Reinforcement}} of Gender and Oppressive Survival Strategy}, author = {Lavee, Einat}, - year = {2016}, - month = may, + year = {2016-05/2016-06}, journal = {WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM}, volume = {56}, pages = {83--91}, @@ -31303,10 +31057,7 @@ policy recc: changes to FLFP require replacement of traditional value system bas urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Abstract Background With an ageing society and increasing retirement ages, it is important to understand how employability can be promoted in older workers with health problems. The current study aimed to determine whether (1) different chronic health problems predict transitions from paid employment to disability benefits, unemployment and early retirement, and (2) how work-related factors modify these associations. Methods Self-report questionnaire data was used from the Dutch longitudinal Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability and Motivation with 3\>years of follow-up (2010--2013), among employees aged 45--64\>years (N=8149). The influence of baseline chronic health problems and work-related factors on transitions from paid employment to disability benefits, unemployment and early retirement during follow-up was estimated in a competing risks proportional hazards model. Relative excess risk of transitions due to the interaction between chronic health problems and work-related factors was assessed. Results Severe headache, diabetes mellitus and musculoskeletal, respiratory, digestive and psychological health problems predicted an increased risk of disability benefits (HR range 1.78--2.79). Circulatory (HR=1.35) and psychological health problems (HR=2.58) predicted unemployment, and musculoskeletal (HR=1.23) and psychological health problems (HR=1.57) predicted early retirement. Work-related factors did not modify the influence of health problems on unemployment or early retirement. Psychosocial work-related factors, especially autonomy, modified the influence of health problems on disability benefits. Specifically, among workers with health problems, higher autonomy, higher support and lower psychological job demands reduced the risk of disability benefits by 82\%, 49\%, and 11\%, respectively. Conclusions All health problems affected disability benefits to a similar extent, but psychological health problems especially predicted unemployment and early retirement. For older workers with health problems, promoting an optimal work environment has the potential to contribute to sustainable employment.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::age,inequality::health,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::snowballing}, - note = {does not fall into PI; -\par -however data will be very useful to explore channels of health ineq -{$>$} income ineq} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::age,inequality::health,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @article{Lein2005, @@ -31411,25 +31162,6 @@ however data will be very useful to explore channels of health ineq -{$>$} incom abstract = {Bringing people with mental illness into employment is a phenomenon that has been extensively researched in recent years. A review to identify and synthesize available evidence on bringing this group into employment and the potential fields of interest related to barriers and facilitators has been carried out. The electronic search was done using 17 databases. In total 24 publications of systematic reviews, meta-analysis and meta-ethnographies aimed at individuating and systematizing barriers to work inclusion were included. The different process phases and the variety of circumstances that can slow down or push towards a certain condition of job seeker or employee, together with the rest of the results presented in this work, demonstrate the need to re-direct or extend the research focus related to this issue.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::disability,intervention::employment_support,intervention::therapy,intervention::training,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::job_quality,review::meta,snowball_source}, - note = {meta-review of barriers (and drivers) of inclusion into the labour market for people with disabilities (mental illness) -\par -main findings: employment outcomes seem increased for individuals able to hide their mental illness, practice of concealment of identity -\par -channels: -\par -- prejudices: of missing skills, danger, unpredictability; of hiring as act of charity due to being unproductive; of work stress as contradicting requirements of mental health -\par -- discriminatory hiring practices -\par -- generally low-skilled individuals due to discrimination/cultural/social barriers for training and work inclusion -\par -policy recc: -\par -- supported employment (environmental) -\par -- cognitive behavioural/computer-assisted therapies (cognitive) -\par -- vocational rehabilitation programs (human capital)}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/HLXMGS6S/Lettieri_Diez Villoria_2017_A Systematization of the International Evidence Related to Labor Inclusion.pdf} } @@ -31555,7 +31287,6 @@ policy recc: institution = {University of Stellenbosch}, abstract = {{$\bullet$} Youth unemployment in South Africa is high, differs substantially by race group and is increasing. In 2012, close to two-thirds of young Africans were broadly unemployed. Over the four years prior to this the unemployment rate had increased by almost ten percentage points. {$\bullet$} A wage subsidy is one type of intervention which aims to reduce youth unemployment by providing a subsidy to firms which covers part of the cost of employing young people. The outline of a youth employment incentive was provided by the National Treasury in 2011. {$\bullet$} Evidence from other countries suggests that the success of a wage subsidy can be context specific and depends on the nature of the intervention and the structure of the labour market amongst other things. Thus, in order to understand how a wage subsidy may affect youth unemployment it is useful to know how South African young people and firms may react to a wage subsidy. A randomised control trial (RCT) is one way to investigate this. {$\bullet$} In an RCT the participants in the study are randomly divided into two groups -- one which received the intervention, in this case a voucher for a wage subsidy which a firm who employs the individual could claim for six months (called the treatment group), and the second group which does not receive anything (called the control group). Since allocation to the groups is random and both groups share similar characteristics, any observed changes on average should be the result of the wage subsidy voucher. We can thus attach a causal interpretation to our results. {$\bullet$} The key finding of the paper is that those who were allocated a wage subsidy voucher were more likely to be in wage employment both one year and two years after allocation. The impact of the voucher thus persisted even after it was no longer valid. The magnitude of these effects was relatively large -- those in the voucher group were 7.4 percentage points (approximately 25 percent) more likely to be in wage employment one year after allocation and of similar magnitude two years later. This impact was not driven by changes in the sample composition. {$\bullet$} This suggests that those young people who entered jobs earlier than they would have because of the voucher were more likely to stay in jobs. This confirms the important dynamic impacts of youth employment. It also suggests that government interventions which successfully create youth employment are important and can virtuous longer-term effects. {$\bullet$} Relatively few firms actually claimed the voucher. Interviews with firms and young people suggest that this was for a number of reasons: the young people did not even get a chance to show the voucher to someone who makes hiring decision; the administrative burden associated with claiming the money, although not onerous, could not be overcome (for example, larger firms did not have a process for accepting subsidy money, human resource functions were centralised and HR had little incentive to engage in the process of claiming the voucher); or managers or firm owners questioned the legitimacy of the voucher. This suggests that a national wage subsidy policy would need to be widely advertised and information and support provided to firms who would like to claim the subsidy. {$\bullet$} However, the impact of the voucher among those individuals who were employed in firms who claimed or enquired about the subsidy was much larger than the broader estimated effect. In this paper we are unable to ascertain whether these jobs were new or not. {$\bullet$} Even after controlling for firm take up and enquiry there is still a difference in the probability of wage employment between the group with a voucher and the group without. This indicates that part of the impact of the voucher is through supply side responses of those allocated the voucher. {$\bullet$} The results indicate that the observed impact of the voucher is not driven by changes in search, increases in search intensity or movement either to look for jobs or to take up employment. {$\bullet$} Rather it seems that part of the impact may be driven by people turning down job offers. Those in the control group, especially those in households with other employed members, were more likely to turn down job offers than those in the treatment group. This suggests that there is some queuing in the South African youth labour market as young people who can wait for better paid jobs do. {$\bullet$} We can only speculate about why those in the treatment group did not engage in this behaviour. One explanation is that the voucher changed their perceptions of potential success in the job market and thus they were more willing, or able, to go to these jobs, since they thought the voucher advantaged them or they were able to borrow money from their households to travel and incur the initial costs associated with accepting a job. It may also be that households which contained voucher holders were more likely to encourage the holder to take up the job since it was perceived as part of a special programme, or it may be that more information about jobs was passed onto the households of voucher holders with employees since they were linked into firms and people in their network may have known about the voucher. {$\bullet$} These results confirm that the structure of the household is important for success in the labour market. Research on South African labour markets shows that networks are the main channel through which information about jobs is transmitted. Households with working members are thus advantaged since members receive more information about jobs. These types of households can also provide intra-household cash transfers to help pay for transport costs or other costs associated with taking up a job. {$\bullet$} However, there can also be relatively negative implications for young people in households with other earners -- they can afford to turn down jobs as they wait for potentially better paying or better matched jobs. The consequences of this may not necessarily be negative if these types of jobs eventually arrive but if they do not then these young people have sacrificed both earnings and work experience as they wait.}, keywords = {country::South Africa,group::youth,inequality::age,program::wage subsidy,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial of an employment subsidy for youth in South Africa, with an analysis of its impacts on earnings, employment probability and overall employment length.\textbf{It finds that beneficiaries were significantly more likely to be employed after both one and two years, as well as positive but insignificant impacts on earnings. \textbf{Additionally, it found a significant increase in accumulated employment length of around 1 month for the treatment cohort after 2 years.\textbf{The results suggest that the usual theory of lowered search costs for firms is a valid channel here, but it also finds responses on the supply side after receiving the voucher.\textbf{While beneficiaries did no change their search behavior, move for employment or increase their overall search intensity, there were comparatively fewer job offers turned down in the treatment group.\textbf{The study suggests this could be due to a potential removal of transport cost barriers to interviews or workplaces, an increased perception of success probabilities, household pressures or more access to job information during voucher provision.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:57:03Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/XRMBWZRX/Levinsohn2014a_Wage_subsidies_and_youth_employment_in_South_Africa.pdf} } @@ -31776,7 +31507,6 @@ policy recc: eissn = {1743-9140}, unique-id = {WOS:000744879800001}, keywords = {country::India,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp,type::work_programme}, - note = {A study on the effects of land ownership concentration on the employment guarantee scheme (NREGS) in India, by analyzing the resulting earnings and proliferation of NREGS itself.\textbf{It looks at this concentration in more general terms as a proxy for power asymmetry between potential employers and employees.\textbf{It finds that a concentration of land ownership in a region generally decreases or impedes the proliferation of NREGS since landlords use their political power to oppose the program.\textbf{It suggests this is primarily due the potential of NREGS to impact wages which is opposed by landlords to minimize rural bargaining power.\textbf{The channel that NREGS have to affect rural earnings in this way is through a de-facto enforcement of minimum wages laws, by providing an alternative to more informal work if no minimum wages are obeyed.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/3B625EDA/Li2022_Land_inequality_and_workfare_policies.pdf;/home/marty/Zotero/storage/FN529XF4/Li2022_Land_inequality_and_workfare_policies_supplementary_materials.pdf} } @@ -32392,8 +32122,7 @@ policy recc: type = {Article}, title = {Depressive Symptoms among Working Women in Rural {{North Carolina}}: {{A}} Comparison of Women in Poultry Processing and Other Low-Wage Jobs}, author = {Lipscomb, Hester J. and Dement, John M. and Epling, Carol A. and Gaynes, Bradley N. and McDonald, Mary Anne and Schoenfisch, Ashley L.}, - year = {2007}, - month = jul, + year = {2007-07/2007-10}, journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY}, volume = {30}, number = {4-5}, @@ -32521,8 +32250,7 @@ policy recc: type = {Article; Proceedings Paper}, title = {Protection of Female Workers' Rights in Employment}, author = {Loan, Nguyen Thi Hong and Trang, Pham Thu and Anh, Nguyen Thi Ngoc and Thuy, Bui Thi Thu and Thai, Nguyen Hong}, - year = {2021}, - month = jul, + year = {2021-07/2021-12}, journal = {INZYNIERIA MINERALNA-JOURNAL OF THE POLISH MINERAL ENGINEERING SOCIETY}, number = {2}, pages = {505--512}, @@ -32538,8 +32266,7 @@ policy recc: usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {11}, web-of-science-categories = {Mining \& Mineral Processing}, - keywords = {country::Vietnam,inequality::gender,issue::access,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, - note = {6th International Conference on Scientific-Research Cooperation between Vietnam and Poland (VIET-POL), HUMG, Hanoi, VIETNAM, NOV 10-14, 2021} + keywords = {country::Vietnam,inequality::gender,issue::access,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text} } @article{Lock2005a, @@ -33267,7 +32994,6 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.2139/ssrn.1815898}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Mexico,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the effects of a training program for the unemployed in Mexico, analyzing its impacts on employment probability and employment length.\textbf{It finds that generally participants are more likely to keep a longer employment at the job they find after the training.\textbf{Generally, there is little change in the speed of job take-up after the program, but due to the longer employments, there is still a positive outcome visible after the program.\textbf{It thus argues that, for evaluations solely concentrating on participants' transition out of unemployment, there is a bias in estimating the program's effectiveness which is corrected upwards by including the length of employments.\textbf{Additionally, women find employment significantly faster after participating in the training.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T15:11:16Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/CX2C9YGR/Madrid2006_Revisiting_the_Employability_Effects_of_Training_Programs_for_the_Unemployed_in.pdf} } @@ -33445,7 +33171,6 @@ policy recc: abstract = {Our paper presents the economic returns from participating in a subsidized vocational education program for women residing in low-income households in India. We combine pre-intervention data with two rounds of post-intervention data in an experimental framework to quantify the 6- and 18-month treatment effects of the program. The 6-month treatment effects indicate that women who were offered the vocational education program are 6\% points more likely to be employed, 4\% points more likely to be self-employed, work 2.5 additional hours per week, and earn 150\% more per month than women in the control group. Using a second round of follow-up data collected 18 months after the intervention, we find that the 6-month treatment effects are all sustained over the medium run. Finally, cost-benefit analysis indicates that the program costs can be recovered with less than four years of employment. Overall our findings suggest that vocational education may serve to be a promising avenue through which young women can contribute to their household welfare.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::India,inequality::gender,program::training,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial studying the impacts of, and the barriers to, vocational training participation for women in urban India, evaluating the effects on earnings, employment probability, the probability of being self-employed and hours worked.\textbf{It finds that a subsidized vocational training significantly positively impacted employment probability and hours worked, and had a large significant impact on earnings for the women.\textbf{The results of this occurred short-term and sustained over the medium-term as well (6 and 18 months after the program ended).\textbf{It suggests that primarily direct skill accumulation lead to the necessary knowledge and productivity for improved labor force participation and neither a strong change in behavior nor a certificate effect for employers were the primary changes.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T12:01:18Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/E9UDUUFP/Maitra2017_Learning_and_earning.pdf} } @@ -33713,8 +33438,7 @@ policy recc: usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {139}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {Meeting of the Research-Committe-on-Social-Stratification-and-Mobility, Oslo, NORWAY, MAY, 2005} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Mandel2009, @@ -33933,7 +33657,6 @@ policy recc: researcherid-numbers = {Marouani, Mohamed Ali/AAV-5017-2020}, unique-id = {WOS:000279633400002}, keywords = {country::Tunisia,group::youth,inequality::age,program::wage subsidy,region::MENA,sample::almp}, - note = {A modeling of the effect of wage subsidies versus tax reductions or investment subsidies with the help of a dynamic general equilibrium model.\textbf{It finds that, between the three options, an employment subsidy is the optimum choice.\textbf{However even so, employment subsidies alone do not produce a significantly positive impact in the model and are recommended to be supported by other policy choices.\textbf{On the increasing labor demand side, the policy recommendations are an increased research-development, public or private, or the promotion of more highly skilled labor intensive service exports.\textbf{On the decreasing labor supply side, the recommendations are increasing skilled laborers study time to counteract the recent introduction of shorter study periods in Tunisia, or encouraging skilled laborers to migrate.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/5P8DYPYY/Marouani2010_More_jobs_for_university_graduates.pdf} } @@ -34396,10 +34119,7 @@ policy recc: urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {We examine the patterns and determinants of household transitions into and out of poverty among the urban poor in two Nairobi informal settlements in Kenya between 2006 and 2009. We find worsening household poverty over time, with the proportion of poor households increasing from 51.2 percent in 2006 to 54.9 percent by the end of 2009. Over the period, 34.5 percent of households remained in chronic poverty, 20.4 percent fell into poverty, 16.7 percent successfully escaped poverty and 28.4 percent fully remained out of poverty. We identify slum of residence, gender and marital status of household head, attainment of at least secondary education by household head, consistent engagement in formal employment, household size and the incidence of births within a household, among key determinants of household poverty transitions. Our results underscore the need for anti-poverty policy options around provision of economic opportunities, addressing disadvantages of female-headed households, promoting access to at least secondary education, smaller household norms and birth control among the urban poor. While the outcomes are consistent with some national trends, the need for the design and implementation of slum and sub-group specific anti-poverty policies are significantly evident.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Kenya,inequality::income,inequality::poverty,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing}, - note = {looks at income inequality changes over time; -\par -does NOT look at results of specific policy interventions} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Kenya,inequality::income,inequality::poverty,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing} } @article{Mbiti2019, @@ -34521,8 +34241,7 @@ does NOT look at results of specific policy interventions} type = {Article}, title = {Behind Closed Doors a Thematic Analysis of Diabetes Community Health Worker Home Visit Content}, author = {McClellan, Sean P. and Boyd, Tyler W. and Hendrix, Jacqueline and Pena, Kryztal and Swider, Susan M. and Martin, Molly A. and Rothschild, Steven K.}, - year = {2022}, - month = oct, + year = {2022-10/2022-12}, journal = {FAMILY \& COMMUNITY HEALTH}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, @@ -34712,8 +34431,7 @@ does NOT look at results of specific policy interventions} type = {Article}, title = {New Evidence Regarding Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mental Health: {{Policy}} Implications}, author = {McGuive, Thomas G. and Miranda, Jeanne}, - year = {2008}, - month = mar, + year = {2008-03/2008-04}, journal = {HEALTH AFFAIRS}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, @@ -35082,7 +34800,6 @@ does NOT look at results of specific policy interventions} institution = {Inter-American Development Bank}, abstract = {The authors present matching estimators of the impact on earnings for individuals who attended public and private job training programs in Colombia. They estimate propensity scores by controlling for the variety of personal and socioeconomic background variables of those individuals. The effect of training, measured by the mean impact of the treatment on the treated, shows that: (i) for youths, no institution has a significant impact in the short or long run except private institutions for males; the scope of the data, however, limits the reliability of the result; (ii) for adult males, neither SENA nor the other public institutions have a significant impact in the short or long run; (iii) for SENA-trained adult females there are positive but not significant impacts in the short run and greater and close to significant effects in the long run. All other public institutions have a higher impact that is significant in the long-run; (iv) for adults trained at private institutions there are large and significant effects in both the short and long run, but for adult males in the short run the effects are smaller and only barely significant. In addition, neither short nor long courses provided by SENA seem to have a significant impact on earnings. In general, females benefit more from both short and long courses than males. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis shows that under the assumption of direct unitary costs equal to SENA, private institutions are more profitable than public institutions, which are in turn more profitable than SENA.}, keywords = {country::Colombia,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study using a nationally undertaken population survey of 1997 to analyze the impact differences on earnings between private and public training institutions for Colombian men, women, youths and adults respectively. \textbf{It splits off those trained privately, those trained publically and those trained under SENA, the largest public provider in the country, since they underlie different foci and training qualities.\textbf{It arrives at the conclusion that generally private training provides better cost-benefit potential, with public institutions aside from SENA providing better potential than SENA itself.\textbf{Public training had no significant impact on men, provided insignificant impact for women trained at SENA but significant long-term impact on all other women.\textbf{Private training had significant long-term impacts for all adults, though significant impact only for male youths and significant short-term impact only for women.\textbf{Training length made no significant difference, though gender-based differences were significant, with women profiting more off all offered training variations than men except for private youth training.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z} } @@ -35190,42 +34907,7 @@ does NOT look at results of specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {6}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research}, - keywords = {cite::framework,country::Georgia,issue::access,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, - note = {5th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI), Madrid, SPAIN, NOV 19-21, 2012 -\par -Summary -\par -"...I saw discrimination lead to poverty, I saw episodic high levels of unemployment, I saw business cycles, and I saw all kinds of inequalities{\dots}." [Joseph Stiglitz, June 5, 2012] -\par -Most of the Post Soviet countries and among them Georgia shows a fast growing asymmetry in the distribution of income and wealth during transition period. In the paper, it is analyzed the determinants of inequality in Georgia starting with the factors influencing the changing distribution of wages and income being at the core of economic inequality. -\par -Inequality should also be framed in a broader sense than income, e.g. inequality in consumption, or inequality of resources, including assets and wealth. Not very surprisingly, a strong correlation between output loss in the early phase of transition, the rise of inequality measures and the change of Gini coefficient which is a measure of inequality. -\par -The main purpose of this paper is a discussion and analysis of the development of inequality in Georgia and the reasons for the observed increase of inequality. -\par -In the paper are considered and analyzed: -\par -{$\bullet$} The current situation of inequality in Georgia well as its development -\par -since 1990 taking into account the profound political, economic as well as social transition having occurred in Georgia; -\par -{$\bullet$}The development of average inequality in the regions of Georgia where we see that in all of these regions the liberalization of markets led to a sudden rise in income dispersion; -\par -{$\bullet$} The fall of labor demand as well as the liberalization of labor market regulations which were accompanied by the emergence of all kinds of regulated forms of employment; -\par -{$\bullet$} The elimination of legal restrictions on private business activity and ownership that gave rise to self-employment throughout country. In particular, the sharp and persistent fall in labor demand of enterprises forced workers to move into low-productivity jobs in the service sector or subsistence agriculture. In many regions of Georgia social protection is lacking and the status of unemployment is not an affordable option and labor supply was reduced. -\par -Methodology: -\par -To state the desirable properties of measures of inequality when the variable under study is ordinal and check which properties are fulfilled by the various indicators. -\par -Conclusions: -\par -{$\bullet$} The main indicators which were choice by research are highly correlated with others for studying of economic inequality's in Georgia; -\par -{$\bullet$} Middle class is not formed in Georgia and differences between rich and low classes are very high; -\par -{$\bullet$} The data by state statistics is not presented for these indicators in series by years consistently. This fact is influenced on dispersion.} + keywords = {cite::framework,country::Georgia,issue::access,sample::database,TODO::full-text} } @article{Mello2013, @@ -35301,7 +34983,6 @@ Conclusions: abstract = {This paper analyses production and labour market data on manufacturing firms in Ethiopia in order to test for skill formation and job-matching effects in wage growth. Estimated age and job seniority profiles of relative marginal productivity and relative wages indicate that both on-the-job skill formation and job matching are significant sources of the growth of productivity and wages with time in the labour market. However, there is also evidence that job matching is by far the more important of the two sources.}, unique-id = {WOS:000169648900001}, keywords = {country::Ethiopia,program::job market services,program::training,region::SSA,relevance::unsure,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the possibility and eventual outcome of on-the-job learning and job matching on workers' productivity and earnings.\textbf{It finds that both on-the-job learning and job matching have a significant positive impact on both earnings and productivity over time, with specific skill increases being the primary learning source of within-job increases but a smaller fraction on increases than job matching overall.\textbf{Both skill increases and job-matching account at least for some of the in-between jobs earnings increases over a workers' labor market experience.\textbf{Job-matching may however be significantly more important to both earnings and productivity of a worker over time. \textbf{It also finds that the rate of improvement for both outcomes increases until 15 years of experience and slowly decreases above 16 years, though still keeping consistently higher than baseline estimations.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/MGVP4H5E/Mengistae2001_Skill_formation_and_job_matching_effects_in_wage_growth_in_Ethiopia.pdf} } @@ -35356,7 +35037,6 @@ Conclusions: eissn = {1872-6089}, unique-id = {WOS:000453623400009}, keywords = {country::India,program::public works,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the earnings and employment impacts of the Indian employment guarantee scheme (NREGS) in multiple rural districts, focusing especially on the spatial distribution of possible spill-over effects and the effects of surrounding areas on the treated zone.\textbf{It finds a large spatial heterogeneity between such outcomes with treated villages that are located closer to untreated areas having smaller positive impacts on earnings than treated villages that are located farther from untreated areas.\textbf{It suggests that since NREGS acts as a de-facto minimum wage enforcement, it increases labor bargaining power and this effect is not limited to directly treated zones.\textbf{Thus, on the other hand, wage in untreated districts increases more when they are closer to treated districts, an effect which may lead many studies that focus on the district level to underestimate the true effects of the Indian NREGS.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/AGJJ5H6A/Merfeld2018_Spatially_heterogeneous_effects_of_a_public_works_program.pdf} } @@ -35474,9 +35154,6 @@ Conclusions: usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health}, keywords = {country::Tanzania,inequality::gender,inequality::health,out::full-text,region::SSA,relevant,sample::database,type::microcredit}, - note = {looks at PI; LM adjacency and health outcomes; -\par -does NOT look at inequality effects (no measures of inequality employed)}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/8F9SJW54/Mhando et al_2020_Microfinance and peer health leadership intervention implementation for men in.pdf} } @@ -35761,10 +35438,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality effects (no measures of inequality employed)}, usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {18}, web-of-science-categories = {Humanities, Multidisciplinary}, - keywords = {country::Canada,inequality::age,region::NA,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::agency}, - note = {accessible from Camput Network only -\par -\href{https://katalog.ub.uni-leipzig.de/Record/ai-49-aHR0cDovL2R4LmRvaS5vcmcvMTAuMzEzOC91dHEuOTAuMi4wNw}{https://katalog.ub.uni-leipzig.de/Record/ai-49-aHR0cDovL2R4LmRvaS5vcmcvMTAuMzEzOC91dHEuOTAuMi4wNw}} + keywords = {country::Canada,inequality::age,region::NA,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::agency} } @article{Mishra2010a, @@ -35912,10 +35586,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality effects (no measures of inequality employed)}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Business, Finance}, - keywords = {country::Romania,inequality::age,inequality::gender,method::quantitative,out::full-text,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::pension}, - note = {looks at inequality; PI; -\par -NO LM adjacency for outcomes} + keywords = {country::Romania,inequality::age,inequality::gender,method::quantitative,out::full-text,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::pension} } @article{Moawad2021, @@ -36334,7 +36005,6 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} abstract = {This paper examines the impact of the program Seguro de Capacitation y Empleo (SCE) implemented to provide support in skills upgrading, job seeking, and job placement to eligible beneficiaries of the Argentinian conditional cash transfer program Plan Ales. The SCE is an example of a growing trend observed in Latin America, where labor activation components have been increasingly included into cash transfers programs to support beneficiaries in finding more stable income opportunities. Despite this growing trend, not enough is known regarding the effectiveness of these components, especially on job quality. In this context, this paper sheds light on whether the provision of a comprehensive package of active labor market measures contributes to a successful labor market integration of cash transfers beneficiaries. Taking advantage of the panel structure of the Permanent Household Survey and exploiting the time variation in the assignment of the program as identification strategy, we apply difference-in-difference estimators to measure the impact on a number of labor market indicators. We find that the program affects positively the job quality of participants by increasing the probability of having a formal job and raising hourly wages. Moreover, the intervention is associated with a lower probability of having a low-paid job and working an excessive number of hours. These effects are, however, not homogeneous across all groups of participants. While the program is more successful among the younger beneficiaries, it does not contribute to an improvement in the labor market conditions of female beneficiaries, who in fact are the majority of SCE participants. Our results suggest that reducing dependency on monetary transfers through programs, such as the SCE, that are rich in activation components is beneficial for participants' labor market trajectories and therefore, it constitutes a satisfactory exit strategy to more universal cash transfer programs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, unique-id = {WOS:000399269800030}, keywords = {country::Argentina,lmp::active,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the integration of active labor market programs (vocational training, internships, labor market services and employment subsidies) with conditional cash transfers in Argentina's 'Seguro de Capacitaci{\'o}n y Empleo' program to analyze the impacts on earnings, employment probability and job quality.\textbf{It relies on administrative survey panel data on mostly urban households receiving the conditional cash transfer.\textbf{Generally finds no significant impact in employment probability but significant positive short-term impacts on earnings and job quality, especially the tendency to be employed formally.\textbf{There is a large heterogeneity in the findings in that, first, younger beneficiaries generally have more significantly positive impacts, however, second, women see no significant improvements at all for their employment outcomes.\textbf{The article stipulates that, due to correcting for observable heterogeneity, this could be due to different ALMP components generally participated in by genders or underlying structural gender gap in Argentinian labor market.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/D7I2M9UY/Mourelo2017_Effectiveness_of_active_labor_market_tools_in_conditional_cash_transfers.pdf} } @@ -36598,8 +36268,7 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} type = {Article}, title = {Work Organization, Area Labor-Market Characteristics, and Depression among {{US}} Nursing Home Workers: {{A}} Cross-Classified Multilevel Analysis}, author = {Muntaner, C and Li, Y and Xue, {\relax XN} and O'Campo, P and Chung, {\relax HJ} and Eaton, {\relax WW}}, - year = {2004}, - month = oct, + year = {2004-10/2004-12}, journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, @@ -37201,7 +36870,6 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} usage-count-since-2013 = {15}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, keywords = {country::South_Africa,inequality::income,method::quantitative,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::sp,type::trade_liberalization}, - note = {International Conference on Globalisation, Growth and (In) Equality, Univ Warwick, Ctr Study Globalisat \& Regionalisat, Coventry, ENGLAND, MAR 17, 2002}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ESL62HUB/Naude2004_Globalisation_and_inequality_in_South_Africa.pdf} } @@ -37240,8 +36908,7 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} type = {Article}, title = {Health Care Organizations' Use of Race/Ethnicity Data to Address Quality Disparities - {{Many}} of These Projects Have Worked, but There Is Still Much Room for Improvement.}, author = {Nerenz, {\relax DR}}, - year = {2005}, - month = mar, + year = {2005-03/2005-04}, journal = {HEALTH AFFAIRS}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, @@ -37388,15 +37055,6 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} abstract = {Purpose A systematic review was conducted to review the effectiveness of workplace accommodation (WA) regarding employment, work ability, and cost-benefit among disabled people. It also describes the evidence gained on the barriers and facilitators of WA process to sustain employment. Methods We reviewed systematically current scientific evidence about effectiveness of WA among disabled persons. The outcomes were employment, work ability, and cost-benefit. Qualitative studies of employment facilitators and barriers were also included. The population comprised people with physical disability, visual impairment, hearing impairment, cognitive disability, or mental disability, aged 18-68 years. CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medic, OTseeker, PEDro, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English from January 1990 to November 2012. Results Three quantitative (one randomized controlled, one concurrently controlled, and one cohort) and eight qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. There was moderate evidence that specific types of WA (vocational counselling and guidance, education and self-advocacy, help of others, changes in work schedules, work organization, and special transportation) promote employment among physically disabled persons and reduce costs. There was low evidence that WA (liaison, education, work aids, and work techniques) coordinated by case managers increases return to work and is cost-effective when compared with the usual care of persons with physical and cognitive disabilities. The key facilitators and barriers of employment were self-advocacy, support of the employer and community, amount of training and counselling, and flexibility of work schedules and work organization. Conclusions More high-quality studies using validated measures of the work ability and functioning of disabled persons are needed. The identified barriers and facilitators found in the qualitative studies should be used to develop quantitative study designs.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::rtw,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball_source,TODO::review}, - note = {systematic review looking at effectiveness of workplace accommodation (vocational counselling/guidance, education/self-advocacy, help of others, changes in work schedules, work organization, special transportation) on employment, work ability, cost-benefit, rtw (n=11) -\par -main findings: -\par -- moderate evidence that employment among physically disabled persons promoted by: vocational counselling/guidance, education/self-advocacy, help of others, changes in work schedules, work organisation, special transportation -\par -- low evidence that rtw increased for physical/cognitive disabilities by: liaison (btw employer and other professionals), education, work aids, work techniques -\par -barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount of training/counselling, flexibility of work schedules/organisation}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/V3KT5P2Z/Nevala2015_Workplace_Accommodation_Among_Persons_with_Disabilities.pdf} } @@ -37506,8 +37164,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Gender is a key factor operating in the health workforce. Recent research evidence points to systemic gender discrimination and inequalities in health pre-service and in-service education and employment systems. Human resources for health (HRH) leaders' and researchers' lack of concerted attention to these inequalities is striking, given the recognition of other forms of discrimination in international labour rights and employment law discourse. If not acted upon, gender discrimination and inequalities result in systems inefficiencies that impede the development of the robust workforces needed to respond to today's critical health care needs. This commentary makes the case that there is a clear need for sex- and age-disaggregated and qualitative data to more precisely illuminate gender-related trends and dynamics in the health workforce. Because of their importance for measurement, the paper also presents definitions and examples of sex or gender discrimination and offers specific case examples. At a broader level, the commentary argues that gender equality should be an HRH research, leadership, and governance priority, where the aim is to strengthen health pre-service and continuing professional education and employment systems to achieve better health systems outcomes, including better health coverage. Good HRH leadership, governance, and management involve recognizing the diversity of health workforces, acknowledging gender constraints and opportunities, eliminating gender discrimination and equalizing opportunity, making health systems responsive to life course events, and protecting health workers' labour rights at all levels. A number of global, national and institution-level actions are proposed to move the gender equality and HRH agendas forward.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::health,out::abstract,sample::snowballing}, - note = {commentary on requirements for sex-/age-disaggregated \& qualitative data} + keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::health,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @article{Newman2016, @@ -37796,7 +37453,6 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o eissn = {1464-3545}, unique-id = {WOS:000233415700014}, keywords = {country::Russia,lmp::active,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study in on a vocational re-training program in Russia, analyzing its impact on earnings for participants.\textbf{The program is aimed at workers having become displaced after labor market restructuring in Russia made their skills as state-enterprise workers obsolete and now aims to allow them to reallocate their labor back into the new market environment.\textbf{It finds that the program generally positively impacted participants' earnings short-term but the effects disappeared after one year.\textbf{It suggests this is due to a certificate effect, with the training helping workers signify their skills to new employers better than those that did not receive training, but after beginning employment non-participants also reveal their skills and the difference in wages diminishes.\textbf{Lastly, the sample comes from a single city with predominantly industrial sectors and the heterogeneity in the sample is significant with women having less positive earnings impact than men.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/Y3T6U4AU/Nivorozhkin2005_An_evaluation_of_government-sponsored_vocational_training_programmes_for_the.pdf} } @@ -38051,7 +37707,6 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o urldate = {2022-02-10}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Peru,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the gendered effects of the youth training program 'ProJoven' in Peru, with a focus on the outcomes of earnings, employment probability but also (occupational) gender segregation.\textbf{There are significant positive impacts on women's employment probability and large impacts on their earnings, while for men, though having smaller positive impacts on earnings as well, there are negative impacts on employment probability.\textbf{Short-term, the employment probabilities decreased (6, 12 months survey) but then increased and surpassed the control group at the 18 month follow-up survey for women, while they stayed below the control group for men.\textbf{As part of the program, subsidies were given through special subsidies for young women with children, which generated incentives for those to participate in the labor market and allowed a less segregated labor market entry.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T12:12:09Z} } @@ -38124,7 +37779,6 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o institution = {Inter-American Development Bank}, abstract = {Information asymmetries and limited skills are two main factors affecting jobseekers' chances to access quality jobs in developing countries. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a job intermediation and wage subsidy program in Bolivia, a country with one of the highest levels of informality in Latin-America. Using administrative and survey, we find that the program substantially increases employment, formality, and earnings. These effects are heterogeneous across different subsamples of interest. Our results suggest that Active Labor Market Policies might be an effective solution for improving access to quality jobs in the context of high informality.}, keywords = {country::Bolivia,program::wage subsidy,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the earnings, employment probability and formal employment outcomes for 'Programa de Apoyo al Empleo', an employment subsidy and job market service program in Bolivia, where, while unemployment was relatively low, labor market informality is very high.\textbf{The study sees significant positive impacts on employment probability and formal employment for the short-term, with earnings impacts increasing over long-term.\textbf{Generally, larger effects on the earnings and chances of formal employment of women were observed, as well as larger impacts on the earnings of older beneficiaries.\textbf{A cost-benefit analysis sees positive returns of the program over future individual labor outcomes.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z} } @@ -38146,7 +37800,6 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o researcherid-numbers = {Novotny, Josef/B-2691-2013 Novotny, Josef/D-8499-2013}, unique-id = {WOS:000325987700004}, keywords = {country::India,program::public works,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the effects of the Indian employment guarantee scheme (NREGS) in Tamil Nadu, a single region in south India, on earnings and the local economy.\textbf{It finds generally positive impacts on welfare both of participating and non-participating households in the region, however also some adverse effects on the local economy.\textbf{First, the wages from NREGS constitute a notable part of household budgets in the first round which then puts upward pressure on private sector wages in a second round, also positively affecting non-participating household earnings.\textbf{However, the private sector wage hikes may adversely affect local farmers, especially small-scale farmers in the region.\textbf{Lastly, the scheme, due to the prevalence of its use by women, also significantly decreases relative gender wage disparity in the region.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/GQLPTZ7C/Novotny2013_A_multi-dimensional_analysis_of_the_impacts_of_the_mahatma_gandhi_national.pdf} } @@ -38480,8 +38133,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o type = {{Article}}, title = {{The Young Mother and the Labor Market}}, author = {Ogido, Rosalina and Schor, Neia}, - year = {2012}, - month = oct, + year = {2012-10/2012-12}, journal = {SAUDE E SOCIEDADE}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, @@ -38506,8 +38158,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o type = {Article}, title = {Racial Earnings Inequality in {{South Africa}}: {{An}} Assessment of Policy Options}, author = {O'Gorman, Melanie}, - year = {2010}, - month = nov, + year = {2010-11/2010-12}, journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING}, volume = {32}, number = {6}, @@ -38593,7 +38244,6 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o orcid-numbers = {Okumu, Ibrahim/0000-0001-9652-675X}, unique-id = {WOS:000479949200001}, keywords = {country::Uganda,program::training,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A qualitative study with a small quantitative component in a questionnaire reviewing the quality of existing vocational training offerings in Uganda. \textbf{It finds that generally, there is little adaptation to private sector labor skill demands.\textbf{Training effectiveness is hampered by poor quality equipment, under- or ill-trained staff and limited adoption of competence-based curricula.\textbf{In the country there is also an inadequate supervision of the individual training institutions since TVET institutions are splintered and operate semi-autonomously from any centralized state offering.\textbf{Lastly, moving into the offering of on-the-job components of a training it finds again that such internship possibilities are generally hampered by poor quality equipment in the private sector not being able to prepare trainees for working with the required technology.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ZSWRBXZW/Okumu2019_Technical_and_vocational_education_and_training_in_Uganda.pdf} } @@ -38892,8 +38542,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {This article gives an overview of poverty, deprivation and homelessness as a social ill that is eating deep into the society's fabric. It affirms that these concepts are inextricably linked, illustrating this with the case of the street homeless women. Furthermore, it describes the characteristics of street homeless women in Johannesburg inner city and their perception of poverty. It also describes the survival strategies adopted by these women on the streets. The article also illustrates that street homeless women suffer most from unprecedented population growth, high levels of poverty, homelessness, illiteracy and unemployment. They form part of the largest group of the poorly sheltered population. The street homeless women in particular constitute a population at risk, especially when the nature of their homelessness is concealed. The article suggests it might be appropriate to give special attention to the poorest segment of the population, which includes the street homeless women. They must be made to participate fully and equally in policies and strategies to alleviate poverty.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::South_Africa,inequality::gender,inequality::poverty,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing}, - note = {may be interesting to cite as an early example of intersectional analysis towards poverty, spatial (shelter) deprivation and gender - however still through a more individualized lens?} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::South_Africa,inequality::gender,inequality::poverty,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing} } @article{Omer-Salim2008, @@ -39269,8 +38918,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o type = {Article}, title = {Sustainable Development: {{Does}} Improvement in Education and Health of Women Improve Female Labour Force Participation Rate?}, author = {Osundina, Olawumi Abeni}, - year = {2020}, - month = jan, + year = {2020-01/2020-02}, journal = {SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, @@ -39445,7 +39093,6 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o researcherid-numbers = {Giovanis, Eleftherios/AAX-5634-2020}, unique-id = {WOS:000631520900001}, keywords = {country::Turkey,program::wage subsidy,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the effects of an employment subsidy program in Turkey evaluating its impact on earnings, employment probability and the probability of a formal or permanent contract.\textbf{It finds a positive but not significant impact on employment probabilities with a more significant impact for younger men, while there was no impact on earnings and no impact on the prevalence of permanent contracts.\textbf{Since it finds its most significant impact on being formally employed full time, the study suggests that the subsidy program rather increased the formalization of existing jobs than create new employment opportunity and economic activity.}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/54BB6PSY/Ozdamar2021_The_effect_of_the_2008_employment_support_programme_on_young_men's_labour.pdf} } @@ -39910,8 +39557,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {11}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues; Sociology; Urban Studies}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {Workshop on Poverty and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe, Sodertorn Univ, Soderton, SWEDEN, APR 27-28, 2007} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Paskov2012, @@ -39947,7 +39593,6 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o researcherid-numbers = {Graham, Lauren/A-9329-2017}, unique-id = {WOS:000580051200012}, keywords = {country::South Africa,group::youth,inequality::age,region::SSA,relevance::unsure,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the non-economic outcomes of youth training programs in South Africa, focusing on the effects on participants' individual welfare (with self-esteem and self-efficacy measurements), skills acquisition and job-search resilience.\textbf{It finds that the programs had a significant sustained positive impact on self-efficacy and self-esteem and a positive but insignificant increase in the future orientation of participants, as well as a significantly increased job-search resilience after the program.\textbf{It also finds that including a financial capability component into the training was correlated with larger positive personal outcomes overall, but the study design did not allow for causal explanation of the training components on their own.\textbf{It argues that such a nurturing role of youth employment programs as 'critical delivery systems' is an important empowering resource for the complexity of youth transition to work, especially in high unemployment environments.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/PZWZHHQ5/Patel2020_Evidence_of_non-economic_indicators_as_markers_of_success_for_youth_in_youth.pdf} } @@ -39996,8 +39641,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o type = {Article}, title = {Effects of Flat Tax Reforms in {{Western Europe}}}, author = {Paulus, Alari and Peichl, Andreas}, - year = {2009}, - month = sep, + year = {2009-09/2009-10}, journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING}, volume = {31}, number = {5, SI}, @@ -40263,45 +39907,6 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o abstract = {We perform a systematic review of the literature on the association between income, employment, and urban poverty from a multidisciplinary perspective. Our results, derived from the analysis of 243 articles, confirm the significant role of employment in the urban poor's lives, highlighting several factors that constrain their ability to improve their labour market outcomes: lack of access to public transport, geographical segregation, labour informality, among others. Furthermore, the paper finds different strategies used by the poor to promote their inclusion in their city's economy. We found a major bias towards research focused on advanced economies, stressing the need for development studies dealing with the specific challenges of developing economies.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,out::title,review::systematic,snowball_source}, - note = {summary: multi-disciplinary systematic review of association between income, employment, urban poverty. n=243 articles, academic focus on advanced economies; finds significant role of employment in life of urban poor; -\par -findings: most relevant barriers for improving labour market outcomes: lack of access to public transport, geographical segregation, labour informality, inadequate human capital -\par -\# Inequality -\par -[@Perez2022] identify a multitude of factors which ultimately affect income, employment and urban poverty. -\par -Among them: -\par -gender inequality, through traditional gender roles and lack of empowerment, a lack of childcare, or inequal domestic work; -\par -low human capital, which can originate through pre-existing inequalities, -\par -spatial inequality, through lack of access to transportation, residential segregation or discrimination, limited access to work, -\par -the inter-generational persistence of poverty as well as the impacts of pre-existing inequalities such as lower human capital or larger household sizes; -\par -and external factors such as extreme weather events or inflation. -\par -Strategies to reduce poverty/unemployment are: -\par -participation in informal sectors or illegal activities, -\par -credit programs, -\par -consumption from informal food sources, -\par -family and institutional support for childcare, -\par -guaranteed minimum income or universal basic income and/or living wage, -\par -income diversification, -\par -commuting subsidies, -\par -housing mobility programs, and -\par -migration.}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/GN2BERMB/figure-factors-affecting-poverty.png;/home/marty/Zotero/storage/IR9S4BNR/Perez et al_2022_The changing role of employment and alternative income sources among the urban.pdf} } @@ -40384,8 +39989,7 @@ migration.}, type = {Review}, title = {Oral Cancer Prevention and Control - {{The}} Approach of the {{World Health Organization}}}, author = {Petersen, Poul Erik}, - year = {2009}, - month = apr, + year = {2009-04/2009-05}, journal = {ORAL ONCOLOGY}, volume = {45}, number = {4-5}, @@ -40507,8 +40111,7 @@ migration.}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Management; Regional \& Urban Planning}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {5th Conference of the World-Association-for-Sustainable-Development (WASD), Griffith Univ, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, OCT 29-31, 2007} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Pham2014, @@ -41000,8 +40603,7 @@ migration.}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::age,inequality::education,inequality::generational,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {12th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), Valencia, SPAIN, MAR 05-07, 2018} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::age,inequality::education,inequality::generational,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Platts2015, @@ -41055,8 +40657,7 @@ migration.}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Management}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {9th International Conference on Hradec Economic Days 2011 - Economic Development and Management of Regions, Univ Hradec Kralove, Fac Informat \& Management, Hradec Kralove, CZECH REPUBLIC, FEB 01-02, 2011} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Plomien2019, @@ -41504,15 +41105,6 @@ migration.}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-6285}, abstract = {In economies characterized by low labor demand and high rates of youth unemployment, entrepreneurship training has the potential to enable youth to gain skills and create their own jobs. This paper presents experimental evidence on a new entrepreneurship track that provides business training and personalized coaching to university students in Tunisia. Undergraduates in the final year of licence appliquee were given the opportunity to graduate with a business plan instead of following the standard curriculum. This paper relies on randomized assignment of the entrepreneurship track to identify impacts on labor market outcomes one year after graduation. The analysis finds that the entrepreneurship track was effective in increasing self-employment among applicants, but that the effects are small in absolute terms. In addition, the employment rate among participants remains unchanged, pointing to a partial substitution from wage employment to self-employment. The evidence shows that the program fostered business skills, expanded networks, and affected a range of behavioral skills. Participation in the entrepreneurship track also heightened graduates optimism toward the future shortly after the Tunisian revolution.}, keywords = {country::Tunisia,program::training,region::MENA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A randomized control trial on the effects of participating in an entrepreneurship training programme track for university graduate students, to analyse its effects on participants' employment probability, earnings, job quality, and self-employment probability. -\par -It finds, foremost, that self-employment has been significantly increased after the intervention, though the change remains small (1-4pct.) in absolute terms. -\par -The overall employment rate remains unchanged, pointing to a partial substitution from waged employment to self-employment, and there was no change in job quality registered (firm size, earnings, formality). -\par -The channels through which this self-employment change takes place are an increase in business skills, networking effects, a changed mindset toward entrepreneurial activities and a stronger individual outlook to the future. -\par -Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for entering the private sector, but not the public sector which the study suggests may be due to the job security and earnings offered by the public sector, and sees as potentially important for future labour market policy considerations.}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/IBT9CH65/premand2012entrepreneurship_Entrepreneurship_training_and_self-employment_among_university_graduates.pdf} } @@ -41773,16 +41365,14 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Work; Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Bulgaria,inequality::disability,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database}, - note = {1st Forum on Studies of Society (FSS) International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities, Craiova, ROMANIA, MAR 31, 2016} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Bulgaria,inequality::disability,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database} } @article{PupialesRueda2016, type = {{Article}}, title = {{The work inclusion of people with disabilities: an ethnographic study in five Autonomous Communities of Spain}}, author = {Pupiales Rueda, Bernarda Elisa and Cordoba Andrade, Leonor}, - year = {2016}, - month = jul, + year = {2016-07/2016-12}, journal = {ARCHIVOS DE MEDICINA}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, @@ -42204,7 +41794,6 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en doi = {10.15405/ejsbs.304}, abstract = {Youth employment programmes are used as a means of developing employability skills through a wage subsidy strategy. This study examines the effectiveness of the Youth Employment Programme (YEP) in Mauritius in terms of the trainee's satisfaction of YEP, his/her belief that YEP would help him/her to get a job and the odds of actually being employed once the programme is over. The Human Capital Theory is used to describe the transformation process through which YEP increases youth employability. Data was randomly collected among 214 individuals who were either currently or had previously been on the programme. All logistic models fitted the data well with correct classifications ranging from 70\% to 92.5\%. None of the demographic factors predicted the effectiveness of YEP. Trainees' satisfaction was predicted by the sector of work placement, quality of programme, field of study and recommendations. Trainees' beliefs were predicted by the number of interviews, duration of unemployment prior to the programme, whether internship matched their fields of study, nature of employment and quality of the programme. However, the nature of employment and salary were the only factors that predicted the odds of actually being employed. The YEP in Mauritius may require major restructuration to cater for trainees outside the field of social sciences. Although the YEP has failed to provide the adequate support and a satisfying experience, its contribution cannot be underestimated. An evaluation of the programme should be carried out at shorter intervals to detect major loopholes so that these may be resolved in time.}, keywords = {country::Mauritius,program::wage subsidy,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A questionnaire study on the effects of vocational training and an internship under the 'Youth Employment Programme' of Mauritius, to analyze the impacts on employment probability and a participants' individual welfare.\textbf{It finds that the most significant factors of the training satisfaction of the participants and their estimation of their own employability are the quality of the program, sector of work placement and the nature of work.\textbf{All except those in field of social science had an overall lower satisfaction with the program, lower still for those previously unemployed.\textbf{There is no significant impact of program quality on employability.\textbf{It suggests that there is a too large focus on administrative and clerical jobs, but the program can also work as a facilitator through the number of interviews participated in by a participant, increasing the interview experience.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/5L96FE35/ramgutty2021study_A_study_into_the_effectiveness_of_the_youth_employment_programme_(YEP)_in.pdf} } @@ -42225,7 +41814,6 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en eissn = {1813-6982}, unique-id = {WOS:000378424600002}, keywords = {country::South Africa,program::wage subsidy,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the employment subsidy program of South Africa trying to analyze the impact of the tax incentives on youth employment probabilities and 'churn' in the labor market, proxied through employment length.\textbf{It finds no significant positive effects on employment probability or on job turnover in the youth labor market, in fact almost all outcomes on employment probability are consistently negative but not significant.\textbf{The results suggest no impact on the employment rate for youth, with subsidies possibly accruing to firms which did not change their hiring patterns.\textbf{Some suggested reasons for this are the value of the subsidy being too low to significantly alter search costs for firms, the program's targeting at medium to large sized formal sector firms decreasing potential, people making decisions over hiring not being affected by the subsidy's value, or potential outcomes only manifesting after a longer time-frame.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/SGDHL42Y/Ranchhod2016_Estimating_the_short_run_effects_of_South_Africa's_employment_tax_incentive_on.pdf} } @@ -42435,7 +42023,6 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health}, keywords = {inequality::gender,review::,sample::database,sample::snowballing,TODO::review,type::sp}, - note = {International Symposium on Universal Health Coverage - Can We Guarantee Health For All, Monash Univ Sunway Campus, Sch Med \& Hlth Sci, MALAYSIA, OCT 03-04, 2011}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/Y3UKPNSF/Ravindran2012_Universal_access.pdf} } @@ -42737,48 +42324,7 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en usage-count-last-180-days = {8}, usage-count-since-2013 = {14}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research; Psychology, Educational}, - keywords = {inequality::education,inequality::gender,issue::access,region::LAC,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, - note = {13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), Valencia, SPAIN, MAR 11-13, 2019 -\par -SUMMARY -\par -The research was carried out by the UNESCO Regional Chair in Women, Science and Technology in Latin America-FLACSO, together with Chicos.net and with the support of Disney Latin America. -\par -There are gender inequalities that affect and condition the decisions that determine people's future since childhood. -\par -Today, it is crucial to develop skills related to scientific and technological thinking. Thus, the scarce number of women in STEM-related careers (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) is a concern that has long ago become a source of discussion. This issue is critical to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (2030 Agenda). -\par -In this context, the Research was carried out to generate knowledge about the conditions and factors that favor and/or limit in childhood the opportunities and possibilities of boys and girls to be interested, develop skills and build a satisfactory relationship in the learning of STEM. It studied boys and girls aged 6-10 in Mexico City (Mexico), S{\~a}o Paulo (Brazil) and Buenos Aires (Argentina). The opinions, assessments, expectations, and representations of children, parents, and teachers related to the STEM areas were collected and analyzed. -\par -Objectives: -\par -- Investigate how boys and girls aged 6-10 relate to science and technology, and recognize their perceptions of STEM. -\par -- Identify gender biases by teachers, parents, and guardians that impact the relationship between boys and girls with STEM areas. -\par -- Propose specific actions, recommendations, and tools to disassemble gender biases in education and the family environment. -\par -This research was carried out in the framework of the Compromiso Disney (Disney Commitment) regional skill building program and its Digital Culture and Innovation in Education initiatives, which promote children's rights in the digital era. -\par -The program includes free Training for Teachers through e-learning and webinars hosted by experts in the matter, free educational resources, ongoing research, and activities and workshops for children. -\par -Findings Highlights: -\par -{$\bullet$} 9 out of 10 girls aged 6-8 associate engineering with male affinities and skills. Although girls and boys think that the four STEM disciplines can be performed by both men and women. -\par -{$\bullet$} Girls' interest in mathematics decreases as they progress through school. -\par -{$\bullet$} 1 out of 3 parents in Buenos Aires thinks that the low participation of girls in science and technology is a consequence of girls' personal taste and that they receive few stimuli at home and in school to be interested in and to relate to those disciplines. -\par -More information at http://bit.ly/research-gender -\par -Innovative aspects of the research: -\par -\ding{108} Unexplored topic in the region. There were no studies analyzing gender differences and inequalities related to science and technology in childhood, particularly during the first years of formal education. -\par -\ding{108} Focus groups of both girls and boys to identify their perceptions and assessments, considering self-assessment as critical information of the problem, which is rarely considered as part of the analysis. Recommendations focus on the need to work with boys as one of the pillars to improve the inclusion of girls in science and technology. -\par -\ding{108} It proposes an articulated strategy with the responsible parts for children and teenager education and upbringing: families, State, educators, social organizations, schools, and companies.} + keywords = {inequality::education,inequality::gender,issue::access,region::LAC,sample::database,TODO::full-text} } @article{Reis2015, @@ -42796,7 +42342,6 @@ Innovative aspects of the research: abstract = {This paper examines the effect of vocational training on labor market outcomes in Brazilian metropolitan areas. Estimates based on difference-indifferences matching indicate that vocational training increases monthly and hourly labor earnings, as well as the probability of getting a job. However, evidence does not indicate that this kind of training improves access to jobs in the formal sector. Also according to the results, vocational training in Brazil seems to be more effective for workers with more labor market experience and for those with a higher level of formal education than for individuals in disadvantaged groups.}, unique-id = {WOS:000346599800014}, keywords = {country::Brazil,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on the earnings and employment outcomes of a variety of vocational training programs in Brazil (both public and private) using administrative panel data in mostly urban areas.\textbf{It finds a significant positive impact on earnings and employment probability after one year but no impact on entering into formal employment.\textbf{Furthermore there is heterogeneity in the results along experience and education, with more educated workers and workers with more labor market experience receiving larger positive impacts from the programs.\textbf{While it does not directly analyze a difference in on-the-job training and classroom training, it does point out potential advantages to the former as a way of providing additional labor market experience.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/3DLIEJMI/Reis2015_Vocational_training_and_labor_market_outcomes_in_brazil.pdf} } @@ -43132,9 +42677,6 @@ Innovative aspects of the research: usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Public Administration}, keywords = {inequality::education,inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::institutional}, - note = {looks at inequalities; looks at impacts of PI; -\par -does NOT directly look at LM adjacency markers (but education outcomes)}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/SRXEYQTN/Rim_2021_The effect of title IX on gender disparity in graduate education.pdf} } @@ -43324,8 +42866,7 @@ does NOT directly look at LM adjacency markers (but education outcomes)}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {9}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {11th European Conference on E-Learning (ECEL), Univ Groningen, Groningen, NETHERLANDS, OCT 26-27, 2012} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Rodgers1979, @@ -43792,8 +43333,7 @@ does NOT directly look at LM adjacency markers (but education outcomes)}, usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {13}, web-of-science-categories = {Environmental Studies; Public Administration}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {Conference of the Institute-for-Small-Business-and-Entrepreneurship, Univ Tesside, Newcastle, ENGLAND, 2004} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Rowe2009, @@ -43963,17 +43503,6 @@ does NOT directly look at LM adjacency markers (but education outcomes)}, abstract = {People with disabilities are generally not considered as able participants in the workforce (paid or volunteer work) and therefore, they often experience exclusion from participating in mainstream employment opportunities. People with disabilities experience various barriers to employment, such as discrimination in the workplace, stigma, prejudice and stereotypes. However, some people with disabilities participate in the workforce and make valuable contributions towards economic development, social capital and wider society. This literature review summarises published research findings about the challenges that people with disabilities experience in pursuing employment opportunities, including volunteering and paid positions; and in undertaking these roles. Furthermore, it explores possible interventions to improve employment outcomes that are effective from the perspectives of people with disabilities. Findings indicate that effective practice takes an inclusive approach and allows clients to take ownership of solutions in relation to addressing the challenges they experience in the employment sector. For this reason, two different community development projects, which particularly focused on employment challenges for people with disabilities, as well as outlining strategies and solutions that promote client ownership were reviewed. Additionally, employment support techniques and strategies, as well as human rights' principles on work and employment for people with disabilities will be debated. Finally, implications for research and practice for the rehabilitation counselling profession and the disability employment services sector are discussed.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::job_quality,review::narrative,sample::database,snowball_source}, - note = {(narrative) review of barriers to workforce inclusion (paid/volunteer work) for people with disabilities; summary of findings -\par -main findings: -\par -- "effective practice takes an inclusive approach and allows clients to take ownership of solutions in relation to addressing the challenges they experience in the employment sector" -\par -policy recc: -\par -- employment support practices -\par -- campaigns to encourage disclosing disability}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/4ET6ZSWM/Ruhindwa et al_2016_Exploring the challenges experienced by people with disabilities in the.pdf} } @@ -44022,10 +43551,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.3233/JVR-130646}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Abstract: Unemployment is higher among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) than would be expected and vocational rehabilitation efforts to help people with MS retain or regain employment have been marginally successful. To better understand the role workplace accommodations may play in employment, 41 people with MS who had contacted the Kent State Employment Assistance Center between 10 and 15 years ago were telephoned as part of a program evaluation follow-up and asked about their experience with the accommodations and short term and long term employment outcomes. Sixty percent reported they were still working, and subjects reported that low cost, low impact accommodations were more likely to be provided. Further research was recommended.}, - keywords = {inequality::disability,out::abstract,sample::snowballing}, - note = {looks at PI outcomes; LM adjacency; -\par -does NOT look at inequality outcomes} + keywords = {inequality::disability,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @article{Russ2012, @@ -44526,8 +44052,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} type = {{Article}}, title = {{Minimum wage policy: influence on economic inequality in the European Union}}, author = {Sanchez Vellve, Francisco J.}, - year = {2017}, - month = oct, + year = {2017-10/2017-12}, journal = {INVESTIGACION ECONOMICA}, volume = {76}, number = {302}, @@ -45513,8 +45038,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {9}, web-of-science-categories = {Management}, - keywords = {country::South_Africa,inequality::gender,region::SSA,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, - note = {5th International Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance (ICMLG), Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Business Sch, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA, MAR 16-17, 2017} + keywords = {country::South_Africa,inequality::gender,region::SSA,sample::database,TODO::full-text} } @article{Sevak2018, @@ -46424,8 +45948,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {14}, web-of-science-categories = {Geriatrics \& Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary}, - keywords = {sample::database}, - note = {Annual Meeting of the Rural-Sociological-Society, CHICAGO, IL, AUG, 2002} + keywords = {sample::database} } @article{Slack2010a, @@ -46935,11 +46458,6 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} usage-count-since-2013 = {22}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary}, keywords = {cite::framework,region::global,sample::database,type::maternity_benefit}, - note = {an overview of the trajectory of maternity leave 1880-2018; -\par -looks at inputs to maternity leave (female political empowerment, democratization etc) -\par -does not look at EFFECTS of maternity leave}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/UNGU3LEN/Son_Boeger_2021_The inclusiveness of maternity leave rights over 120 years and across five.pdf} } @@ -47002,8 +46520,7 @@ does not look at EFFECTS of maternity leave}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::regulation}, - note = {3rd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts, SGEM 2016, Albena, BULGARIA, AUG 24-30, 2016} + keywords = {inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::regulation} } @article{Spencer1999a, @@ -47102,10 +46619,7 @@ does not look at EFFECTS of maternity leave}, doi = {10.1007/s10926-020-09923-w}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::Canada,inequality::income,out::full-text,region::NA,sample::snowballing,type::ubi}, - note = {looks at inequalities and LM adjacency; -\par -does NOT look at policy impacts (but theories behind it)} + keywords = {country::Canada,inequality::income,out::full-text,region::NA,sample::snowballing,type::ubi} } @article{Stainback2005, @@ -47996,10 +47510,7 @@ does NOT look at policy impacts (but theories behind it)} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {16}, web-of-science-categories = {Rehabilitation}, - keywords = {inequality::disability,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {looks at LM outcomes for people w disability; -\par -does NOT look at specific policy intervention, nor effects of/on inequality itself} + keywords = {inequality::disability,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Sundaram2015, @@ -48091,9 +47602,6 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention, nor effects of/on inequality itse usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, keywords = {country::New_Zealand,inequality::income,out::full-text,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::ubi}, - note = {looks at inequality (income) of PI;' -\par -does not look at WoW}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ULJ7UXCM/Suzuki_2021_Basic income, wealth inequality and welfare.pdf} } @@ -48385,15 +47893,6 @@ does not look at WoW}, abstract = {This article presents evidence supporting the hypothesis that promoting gender equality and women's and girls' empowerment (GEWE) leads to better health and development outcomes. We reviewed the literature across six sectors-family planning (FP); maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH); nutrition; agriculture; water, sanitation and hygiene; and financial services for the poor-and found 76 studies from low and middle-income countries that met our inclusion criteria. Across these studies, we identified common GEWE variables that emerged repeatedly as significant predictors of sector outcomes. We grouped these variables into 10 thematic categories, which we termed {\textbackslash}textasciigravegender-related levers'. These levers were then classified by the strength of evidence into Wedges, Foundations and Facilitators. Wedges are gender-related levers that had strong associations with improved outcomes across multiple sectors. They include: {\textbackslash}textasciigravecontrol over income/assets/resources', {\textbackslash}textasciigravedecision-making power' and {\textbackslash}textasciigraveeducation'. Elements of these levers overlap, but combined, they encapsulate agency. Increasing female agency promotes equality and broadly improves health and development for women, their families and their communities. The second classification, Foundations, displayed strong, positive associations across FP, MNCH and nutrition. Foundations have a more proximal relationship with sector outcomes and include: {\textbackslash}textasciigraveequitable interpersonal relationships', {\textbackslash}textasciigravemobility' and {\textbackslash}textasciigravepersonal safety'. Finally, the third group of levers, Facilitators, was associated with improved outcomes in two to three sectors and include: {\textbackslash}textasciigraveaccess to information', {\textbackslash}textasciigravecommunity groups', {\textbackslash}textasciigravepaid labour' and {\textbackslash}textasciigraverights'. These levers make it easier for women and girls to achieve their goals and are more traditional elements of development programmes. Overall, gender-related levers were associated with improvements in a variety of health and development outcomes. Furthermore, these associations were cross-sectoral, suggesting that to fully realize the benefits of promoting GEWE, the development community must collaborate in co-ordinated and integrated ways across multiple sectors. More research is needed to identify the mechanisms by which gendered interventions work and under what circumstances.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::gender,out::title,outcome::health,review::narrative,sample::database,snowball_source}, - note = {(narrative?) review of effects of dimensions of female 'empowerment' on health outcomes and development outcomes, such as access to and use of financial services -\par -main findings: -\par -- gender inequalities highly contextual (and intersectional), requires identification of variations at start of interventions where inequalities exist, overlap and work as barriers to its implementation -\par -- strong association with improved outcomes across multiple outcome sectors: control over income/assets/resources, decision-making power, education -\par -- relation with health/family planning outcomes: mobility, personal safety, equitable interpersonal relationships}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/9WPGW57Z/Taukobong et al_2016_Does addressing gender inequalities and empowering women and girls improve.pdf} } @@ -48969,10 +48468,7 @@ main findings: usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {38}, web-of-science-categories = {Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::disability,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database}, - note = {looks at inequality and LM adjacency -\par -does NOT look at PI} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::disability,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database} } @article{Tomaskovic-Devey1999, @@ -49240,8 +48736,7 @@ does NOT look at PI} type = {{Article}}, title = {{Political economy of inequality in Argentina (2003-2015): Labor institutions and social protection}}, author = {Trujillo, Lucia and Retamozo, Martin}, - year = {2017}, - month = jan, + year = {2017-01/2017-06}, journal = {TEMAS Y DEBATES}, number = {33}, pages = {35--61}, @@ -49292,10 +48787,7 @@ does NOT look at PI} urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {We investigate the relationship between female labour force participation and economic growth in the South Mediterranean countries with a two-step methodology of econometric exercise and general equilibrium modelling. Econometric estimations on female labour participation confirm the U-shaped function and the presence of region-specific barriers. Estimations have been employed in a satellite manner to a general equilibrium model for the simulation of (i) changes in female labour force participation as a result of income developments and (ii) lowering of region-specific barriers to female labour force participation. The results suggest that while the first may lead to marginally lower economic growth, the second may have a considerable positive impact on growth.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::snowballing}, - note = {looks at LM adjacency; looks at PI -\par -does NOT look at inequality outcomes (country growth instead)} + keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @article{Tuckett2016, @@ -49433,21 +48925,6 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes (country growth instead)} abstract = {The implications of technology adoption for productivity, income, and welfare have been studied widely in the context of less developed countries (LDCs). In contrast, the relationship between technology adoption and employment has attracted less interest. This systematic review evaluates the diverse yet sizeable evidence base that has remained below the radars of both reviewers and policy makers. We map the qualitative and empirical evidence and report that the effect of technology adoption on employment is skill biased and more likely to be observed when technology adoption favors product innovation as opposed to process innovation. Technology adoption is also less likely to be associated with employment creation when: (i) the evidence is related to farm employment as opposed to firm/industry employment; (ii) the evidence is related to low-income countries as opposed to lower middle-income or mixed countries; and (iii) the evidence is based on post-2001 data as opposed to pre-2001 data. There is also qualitative evidence indicating that international trade, weak forward and backward linkages, and weaknesses in governance and labor-market institutions tend to weaken the job creating effects of technology adoption. We conclude by calling for compilation of better quality survey data and further attention to sources of heterogeneity in modeling the relationship between technology adoption and employment in LDCs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::income,intervention::technology_adoption,out::title,outcome::employment,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball_source}, - note = {systematic review of effects of technology adoption on employment (in LMIC/LIC 'less developed countries') -\par -main findings: positive effect more likely when technology adoption favours product innovation not process innovation and when it is is skill based -\par -additional: -\par -- techn. adoption *less* likely to create employment when: related to farm employment not firm/industry employment; related to low-income countries not LMICs; related to data from after 2001 instead of pre-2001 -\par -- intl trade, weak forward/backward linkages, weaknesses in governance \& labor market institutions can weak job-creating effects of technology adoption -\par -inequality: -\par -- existing income inequalities makes effect of technology adoption on employment creation more ambiguous (potentially widening rift of demand for skilled versus unskilled labour) -\par -- green revolution technologies tend to reduce income/wealth inequality; also negative effect on on-farm employment}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/P6MZJ39B/Ugur_Mitra_2017_Technology Adoption and Employment in Less Developed Countries.pdf} } @@ -49851,7 +49328,6 @@ inequality: eissn = {1873-4871}, unique-id = {WOS:000710338800002}, keywords = {country::Philippines,lmp::active,program::training,region::AP,relevance::unsure,sample::almp}, - note = {A study on vocational training in the Philippines, analyzing its impact on earnings and employment probability of participants.\textbf{It finds that training graduates had a positive impact on their employment probability and received higher wages compared to only having a secondary education without the training.\textbf{However, it also finds that training graduates with previous tertiary education tended to have lower wages than graduates with only secondary previous education.\textbf{The study suggests this is due to graduates with tertiary education having a tendency to only complete a short period of tertiary training and the lowest level of their vocational training, also suggesting a link between training duration and graduate earnings.}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z} } @@ -50484,9 +49960,6 @@ inequality: usage-count-since-2013 = {14}, web-of-science-categories = {Public Administration; Social Issues}, keywords = {country::Belgium,country::Norway,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,out::full-text,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::direct_transfer}, - note = {looks at inequality; LM adjacency; -\par -uses cash benefit to identify `increased need' sample but is not impact study for cash benefit intervention}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/CHLVI38F/Vinck_Brekke_2020_Gender and education inequalities in parental employment and earnings when.pdf} } @@ -50813,10 +50286,7 @@ uses cash benefit to identify `increased need' sample but is not impact study fo urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study--2, this study considers (a) the extent to which the socioeconomic status (SES) of youth with disabilities predicted their likelihood of high school graduation, postsecondary education enrollment, and employment; (b) the extent to which other individual and family factors mediated the SES--outcome relationships; and (c) other factors that significantly explained outcome variations for youth with disabilities. Results show that SES had a statistically significant but relatively small effect on outcomes, to a sizable extent the effect of SES was mediated by other factors, and many of the covariates in the analyses (e.g., disability type and severity, gender, race/ethnicity) had their own significant relationships with outcomes that contribute to our understanding of variations in them.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::snowballing}, - note = {looks at LM adjacent outcomes, inequality, socio-economic determinants; -\par -does NOT look at specific policy interventions} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @article{Wagstaff1991, @@ -51132,8 +50602,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} type = {Article}, title = {Subdividing the Digital Divide: {{Differences}} in Internet Access and Use among Rural Residents with Medical Limitations}, author = {Wang, Jong-Yi and Bennett, Kevin and Probst, Janice}, - year = {2011}, - month = jan, + year = {2011-01/2011-03}, journal = {JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH}, volume = {13}, number = {e25}, @@ -52695,9 +52164,6 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-since-2013 = {33}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies; Economics}, keywords = {country::Ecuador,done::extracted,inequality::age,inequality::gender,inequality::income,inequality::poverty,region::LAC,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum_wage}, - note = {looks at LM adjacency; PI -\par -outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income increase/decrease)}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/CERW8FCC/Wong_2019_Minimum wage impacts on wages and hours worked of low-income workers in Ecuador.pdf} } @@ -52995,8 +52461,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {issue::age,out::year,sample::database}, - note = {13th Annual Congress of the European-Economic-Association, BERLIN, GERMANY, SEP 02-05, 1998} + keywords = {issue::age,out::year,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000080763300005, @@ -53213,8 +52678,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {Trans-Atlantic Public Economics Seminar (TAPES), FREDERIKSDAL, DENMARK, MAY 21-23, 1998} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000089745400002, @@ -53385,8 +52849,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {20}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {Annual Meeting of the Australian-Sociological-Association, UNIV WOLLONGONG, WOLLONGONG, AUSTRALIA, DEC 09-12, 1997} + keywords = {inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000165867600039, @@ -53556,8 +53019,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {17}, web-of-science-categories = {Geography}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {97th Annual Meeting of the Association-of-American-Geographers, NEW YORK, NY, FEB 27-MAR 03, 2001} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000174373300006, @@ -53808,8 +53270,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income type = {Article}, title = {The Left and Constitutional Reform, Gladstone to Miliband}, author = {Morgan, Kenneth O.}, - year = {2013}, - month = jan, + year = {2013-01/2013-03}, journal = {POLITICAL QUARTERLY}, volume = {84}, number = {1}, @@ -54077,8 +53538,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income type = {Article}, title = {Poverty and Intra-Household Distribution of Work Time in {{Turkey}}: {{Analysis}} and Some Policy Implications}, author = {Ones, Umut and Memis, Emel and Kizilirmak, Burca}, - year = {2013}, - month = nov, + year = {2013-11/2013-12}, journal = {WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM}, volume = {41}, number = {1, SI}, @@ -54460,10 +53920,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {85}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {does not look at pol interv.; BUT -\par -looks at qualitative estimation of terminations from workplace due to pregnancy - directly LM adjacent inequality. Cite} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000336473800001, @@ -54656,10 +54113,7 @@ looks at qualitative estimation of terminations from workplace due to pregnancy usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {62}, web-of-science-categories = {Green \& Sustainable Science \& Technology; Energy \& Fuels}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::China,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database}, - note = {argues for factors influencing renewable energy distributive effects; -\par -does NOT look at specific policy intervention, instead building its own predictive model} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::China,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000343850400005, @@ -55127,10 +54581,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention, instead building its own predicti usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {19}, web-of-science-categories = {Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science \& Technology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database}, - note = {looks at transportation effects on spatial inequality; -\par -does NOT look at specific policy intervention} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000349626700003, @@ -55236,8 +54687,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {{Article}}, title = {{Parenthood and Domestic Division of Labour in Spain, 2002-2010}}, author = {{Dominguez-Folgueras}, Marta}, - year = {2015}, - month = jan, + year = {2015-01/2015-03}, journal = {REVISTA ESPANOLA DE INVESTIGACIONES SOCIOLOGICAS}, number = {149}, pages = {45--63}, @@ -55795,8 +55245,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Geography; Regional \& Urban Planning}, - keywords = {inequality::spatial,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {6th International Scientific Conference on Rural Development - Innovations and Sustainability, Akademija, LITHUANIA, NOV 28-29, 2013} + keywords = {inequality::spatial,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000357881000004, @@ -56047,8 +55496,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Article}, title = {Racial Disparities in Knowledge of Pelvic Floor Disorders among Community-Dwelling Women}, author = {Mandimika, Charisse Laura and Murk, William and Mcpencow, Alexandra M. and Lake, AeuMuro G. and Miller, Devin and Connell, Kathleen Anne and Guess, Marsha Kathleen}, - year = {2015}, - month = sep, + year = {2015-09/2015-10}, journal = {FEMALE PELVIC MEDICINE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY}, volume = {21}, number = {5}, @@ -56167,8 +55615,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Article}, title = {Food Sovereignty: {{Alternatives}} to Failed Food and Hunger Policies}, author = {Mann, Alana}, - year = {2015}, - month = jul, + year = {2015-07/2015-09}, journal = {Contemporanea (Bologna, Italy : 1998)}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, @@ -56549,8 +55996,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {21}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {Conference on Revisioning Gender: Complex Inequalities and Global Dimensions, Stockholm, SWEDEN, 2014} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000368840100010, @@ -56808,8 +56254,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {8th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI), Seville, SPAIN, NOV 16-20, 2015} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000377617600008, @@ -56952,8 +56397,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary}, - keywords = {cite::framework,out::title,sample::database}, - note = {ASEE Annual Conference, Indianapolis, IN, JUN 15-18, 2014} + keywords = {cite::framework,out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000383818100002, @@ -57172,8 +56616,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {Rehabilitation}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {3rd International Conference on Universal Design (UD), York, ENGLAND, AUG 21-24, 2016} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000393244300013, @@ -57279,8 +56722,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Review}, title = {Government's Role in Promoting Healthy Living}, author = {Whitsel, Laurie P.}, - year = {2017}, - month = mar, + year = {2017-03/2017-04}, journal = {PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES}, volume = {59}, number = {5}, @@ -57344,8 +56786,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {9th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), Madrid, SPAIN, MAR 02-04, 2015} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000398711100003, @@ -57495,16 +56936,14 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {20}, web-of-science-categories = {Business; Economics}, - keywords = {sample::database,TODO::abstract}, - note = {17th Conference of the Eurasia-Business-and-Economics-Society (EBES), Venice, ITALY, OCT 15-17, 2015} + keywords = {sample::database,TODO::abstract} } @article{WOS:000401272600006, type = {{Article}}, title = {{The Magic Towns Committees and Tourism Development: Tepotzotlan and El Oro, Estado De Mexico}}, author = {{Rosas-Jaco}, M. Isabel and {Almeraya-Quintero}, S. Xochilt and {Guajardo-Hernandez}, L. Gerardo}, - year = {2017}, - month = jan, + year = {2017-01/2017-03}, journal = {AGRICULTURA SOCIEDAD Y DESARROLLO}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, @@ -58445,8 +57884,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Multidisciplinary Sciences}, - keywords = {inequality::health,out::review,review::systematic,sample::database,type::rtw}, - note = {2nd Advanced Research on Business, Management and Humanities (ARBUHUM), Phuket, THAILAND, OCT 10-12, 2017} + keywords = {inequality::health,out::review,review::systematic,sample::database,type::rtw} } @article{WOS:000432845100001, @@ -58526,8 +57964,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Article}, title = {Entrepreneurship as Activism? {{Resisting}} Gentrification in Oakland, California}, author = {Alkon, Alison Hope}, - year = {2018}, - month = may, + year = {2018-05/2018-06}, journal = {RAE-REVISTA DE ADMINISTRACAO DE EMPRESAS}, volume = {58}, number = {3}, @@ -58568,10 +58005,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {17}, web-of-science-categories = {Health Care Sciences \& Services}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::ethnicity,inequality::health,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database}, - note = {looking at policy intervention and inequality; -\par -but NOT LM adjacent functions} + keywords = {country::US,inequality::ethnicity,inequality::health,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000435491300001, @@ -58646,10 +58080,7 @@ but NOT LM adjacent functions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Rehabilitation}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database,type::rtw}, - note = {looks at policy intervention that is LM adjacent; -\par -but not inequalities in specific} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database,type::rtw} } @article{WOS:000436127900004, @@ -58900,8 +58331,7 @@ but not inequalities in specific} type = {{Article}}, title = {{The triad: initiation, transit and consolidation versus return of women that move from Tangier to Andalucia in a context of economic crisis}}, author = {Morcillo Martinez, Juana Ma and Sotomayor Morales, Eva Ma and {de la Fuente Robles}, Yolanda Ma}, - year = {2018}, - month = jan, + year = {2018-01/2018-04}, journal = {REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS REGIONALES}, number = {111}, pages = {157--180}, @@ -59263,8 +58693,7 @@ but not inequalities in specific} type = {Article}, title = {Insights on Women's Labor Participation in {{Gulf Cooperation Council}} Countries}, author = {Murray, Janet Y. and {Zhang-Zhang}, Yingying}, - year = {2018}, - month = sep, + year = {2018-09/2018-10}, journal = {BUSINESS HORIZONS}, volume = {61}, number = {5}, @@ -59404,8 +58833,7 @@ but not inequalities in specific} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {4th International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment (ICSAE), Surakarta, INDONESIA, AUG 10-12, 2017} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000450332600004, @@ -59454,10 +58882,7 @@ but not inequalities in specific} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {9}, web-of-science-categories = {Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Obstetrics \& Gynecology}, - keywords = {country::Tanzania,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::database}, - note = {looks at inequality; -\par -does NOT look at LM adjacent markers; policy intervention} + keywords = {country::Tanzania,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::database} } @inproceedings{WOS:000450585000046, @@ -59479,8 +58904,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacent markers; policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Regional \& Urban Planning}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {9th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development (ESD), Varazdin Dev \& Entrepreneurship Agcy, Istanbul, TURKEY, APR 09-10, 2015} + keywords = {inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000450806500001, @@ -59727,10 +59151,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacent markers; policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Area Studies}, - keywords = {country::Italy,inequality::migration,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database}, - note = {looks at inequality; looks partly at LM adjacency; -\par -does NOT look at specific policy interventions} + keywords = {country::Italy,inequality::migration,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database} } @inproceedings{WOS:000455655600012, @@ -59755,8 +59176,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Business; Ergonomics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Turkey,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::MENA,sample::database,type::microcredit}, - note = {Global Business Research Congress (GBRC), Istanbul, TURKEY, JUN 04-05, 2015} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Turkey,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::MENA,sample::database,type::microcredit} } @article{WOS:000455914800003, @@ -59827,8 +59247,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {country::Russia,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database}, - note = {5th International Conference on Women \& Gender Studies, Bangkok, THAILAND, JUN 29-30, 2018} + keywords = {country::Russia,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000456442700003, @@ -59910,8 +59329,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} type = {{Article}}, title = {{THE MICRO-ENTERPRISES AND THE NEED FOR STRENGTHENING: REFLECTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN AREA OF MANABI, ECUADOR}}, author = {Bustamante, Ruth Yadira Sumba and Villacreses, C. Karim Lourdes Santistevan}, - year = {2018}, - month = oct, + year = {2018-10/2018-12}, journal = {REVISTA UNIVERSIDAD Y SOCIEDAD}, volume = {10}, number = {5}, @@ -60318,8 +59736,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {8}, web-of-science-categories = {Business; Economics; Management}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {18th Eurasia-Business-and-Economics-Society Conference (EBES), Dubai, U ARAB EMIRATES, JAN, 2016} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000464656700006, @@ -60995,8 +60412,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {20}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database}, - note = {2nd International Conference on Gender Research (ICGR), Roma Tre Univ, Ipazia Sci Observ Gender Issues, Rome, ITALY, APR 11-12, 2019} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database} } @inproceedings{WOS:000471634700070, @@ -61018,8 +60434,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {2nd International Conference on Gender Research (ICGR), Roma Tre Univ, Ipazia Sci Observ Gender Issues, Rome, ITALY, APR 11-12, 2019} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000472053900001, @@ -61199,8 +60614,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} type = {Article}, title = {Secondary School Dropout and Work Outcomes in Ten Developing Countries}, author = {Mussida, Chiara and Sciulli, Dario and Signorelli, Marcello}, - year = {2019}, - month = jul, + year = {2019-07/2019-08}, journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING}, volume = {41}, number = {4}, @@ -61621,8 +61035,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} type = {Article}, title = {Forget about `the Ideal Worker': {{A}} Theoretical Contribution to the Debate on Flexible Workplace Designs, Work/Life Conflict, and Opportunities for Gender Equality}, author = {Peters, Pascale and Blomme, Robert Jan}, - year = {2019}, - month = sep, + year = {2019-09/2019-10}, journal = {BUSINESS HORIZONS}, volume = {62}, number = {5}, @@ -62513,10 +61926,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {38}, web-of-science-categories = {Family Studies; Sociology}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {inequality; policy; -\par -no LM adjacency} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000508355700011, @@ -63111,8 +62521,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {0}, web-of-science-categories = {Business}, - keywords = {country::Russia,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database}, - note = {2nd International Scientific conference on New Industrialization - Global, National, Regional Dimension (SICNI), Ural State Univ Econ, Ekaterinburg, RUSSIA, DEC 04-05, 2018} + keywords = {country::Russia,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000521955600429, @@ -63623,8 +63032,7 @@ no LM adjacency} type = {{Article}}, title = {{Some variables that influence gender perceptions in the Chilean Judicial Branch}}, author = {Fuentealba Carrasco, Pablo and Sanchez Pezo, Gabriela and Gauche Marchetti, Ximena and Santana Silva, Daniela and Rioseco Vallejos, Valentina and Sanhueza Riffo, Cynthia and Gonzalez Fuente, Rodrigo and Dominguez Montoya, Alvaro and Bustos Ibarra, Cecilia and Perez Diaz, Cecilia and Barria Paredes, Manuel}, - year = {2020}, - month = jan, + year = {2020-01/2020-06}, journal = {REVISTA CES DERECHO}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, @@ -63762,8 +63170,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research; Psychology, Educational}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), Valencia, SPAIN, MAR 11-13, 2019} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000536323100009, @@ -63789,8 +63196,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Health Care Sciences \& Services; Medicine, General \& Internal}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::health,inequality::income,inequality::poverty,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database}, - note = {Academy-Health Annual Research Meeting, Washington, DC, JUN 02-04, 2019} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::health,inequality::income,inequality::poverty,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000536507600007, @@ -64486,8 +63892,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {11th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN), Palma, SPAIN, JUL 01-03, 2019} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000556581200001, @@ -64634,8 +64039,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Iran,country::Malaysia,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {International Conference on Gender Research (ICGR), ISCAP, P Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL, APR 12-13, 2018} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Iran,country::Malaysia,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000561343700005, @@ -64791,8 +64195,7 @@ no LM adjacency} type = {Article}, title = {The Pandemic and the Labor Market in {{Brazil}}}, author = {Costa, Simone da Silva}, - year = {2020}, - month = jul, + year = {2020-07/2020-08}, journal = {REVISTA DE ADMINISTRACAO PUBLICA}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, @@ -65632,8 +65035,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {0}, web-of-science-categories = {Business, Finance; Economics}, - keywords = {inequality::income,sample::database,TODO::abstract}, - note = {Dallas Fed's Regional Centennial Conference, Dallas, TX, NOV 07, 2014} + keywords = {inequality::income,sample::database,TODO::abstract} } @article{WOS:000598879300012, @@ -66052,8 +65454,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory \& Methods; Engineering, Electrical \& Electronic}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {1st International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology (ICETIT), Inst Informat Technol \& Management, New Delhi, INDIA, JUN 21-22, 2019} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000616337900001, @@ -66126,10 +65527,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {6}, web-of-science-categories = {Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {looks at inequalities; -\par -does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000620755200001, @@ -66250,8 +65648,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {13}, web-of-science-categories = {Business; Green \& Sustainable Science \& Technology}, - keywords = {cite::framework,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::structural}, - note = {6th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption, Messina, ITALY, JUN 04-06, 2020} + keywords = {cite::framework,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::structural} } @article{WOS:000630173800010, @@ -66361,8 +65758,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} type = {{Article}}, title = {{Gender Inequality in the Economy of Modern Russia: A Quantitative Analysis of the Problem}}, author = {Lipatova, L. N.}, - year = {2021}, - month = jan, + year = {2021-01/2021-03}, journal = {REGIONOLOGIYA-REGIONOLOGY RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF REGIONAL STUDIES}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, @@ -66563,8 +65959,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} type = {Article}, title = {Determinants of Deglobalization: {{A}} Hierarchical Model to Explore Their Interrelations as a Conduit to Policy}, author = {Garg, Shamita and {Sushil}}, - year = {2021}, - month = mar, + year = {2021-03/2021-04}, journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, @@ -66758,8 +66153,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Criminology \& Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::education,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {looks at socioeconomic factors -{$>$} domestic violence; does not look at specific policy outcomes} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::education,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000650247500001, @@ -67261,8 +66655,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {0}, web-of-science-categories = {Business; Green \& Sustainable Science \& Technology; Economics; Management}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {35th International-Business-Information-Management-Association Conference (IBIMA), Seville, SPAIN, APR 01-02, 2020} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000661193800004, @@ -67331,8 +66724,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory \& Methods}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {8th IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), ELECTR NETWORK, DEC 10-13, 2020} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000664930500001, @@ -67665,8 +67057,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {0}, web-of-science-categories = {Business; Business, Finance; Economics; Education \& Educational Research; Management; Operations Research \& Management Science}, - keywords = {country::Russia,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database}, - note = {International Scientific Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon), Vladivostok, RUSSIA, OCT 02-04, 2018} + keywords = {country::Russia,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000680868200006, @@ -67710,8 +67101,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {0}, web-of-science-categories = {Business; Business, Finance; Economics; International Relations; Management}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {18th International Scientific Conference on Globalization and Its Socio-Economic Consequences, Rajecke Teplice, SLOVAKIA, OCT 10-11, 2018} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000682505100001, @@ -68121,8 +67511,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} type = {{Article}}, title = {{MEXICAN WOMEN'S UNEQUAL PARTICIPATION ON THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACCESS AND BENEFITS}}, author = {Ramirez Lopez, Berenice Patricia and Nava Bolanos, Isalia and Granados Martinez, Abraham and Badillo Gonzalez, Gabriel}, - year = {2020}, - month = jan, + year = {2020-01/2020-06}, journal = {REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE DERECHO SOCIAL}, volume = {30}, pages = {95--122}, @@ -68392,8 +67781,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} type = {{Article}}, title = {{Gender parity in international organizations: discourses v numbers}}, author = {Lenine, Enzo and Pereira, Manuela}, - year = {2021}, - month = oct, + year = {2021-10/2021-01}, journal = {RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES-MADRID}, number = {48}, pages = {101--121}, @@ -68840,8 +68228,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Business; Economics}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {10th International Scientific Symposium on Region, Entrepreneurship, Development (RED), Osijek, CROATIA, JUN, 2021} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000728754700002, @@ -69128,8 +68515,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} type = {{Article}}, title = {{Development of scales to study barriers and needed measures to address gender-based violence in schools}}, author = {{Saletti-Cuesta}, Lorena and Aizenberg, Lila and Torres, Eduardo and Sanchez, Lucia Florencia}, - year = {2022}, - month = jan, + year = {2022-01/2022-04}, journal = {INTERDISCIPLINARIA}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, @@ -69194,10 +68580,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {sample::database,TODO::SPANISH}, - note = {cite for collective bargaining possibilities / early origins of analysis -\par -looks at gender gaps on modern Fordist/early Taylorist working environment} + keywords = {sample::database,TODO::SPANISH} } @article{WOS:000744463500005, @@ -69698,10 +69081,7 @@ looks at gender gaps on modern Fordist/early Taylorist working environment} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::India,inequality::education,inequality::gender,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database}, - note = {looks at employment, LM adjacent outcomes and intersectional inequalities (gender, age, education); -\par -does NOT look at specific policy intervention} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::India,inequality::education,inequality::gender,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000763499700001, @@ -70083,8 +69463,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Article}, title = {A Web-Based Intervention for Youth with Physical Disabilities: {{Comparing}} the Role of Mentors in 12- and 4-{{Week}} Formats}, author = {Lindsay, Sally and Cagliostro, Elaine}, - year = {2020}, - month = jan, + year = {2020-01/2020-06}, journal = {JMIR PEDIATRICS AND PARENTING}, volume = {3}, number = {e15813}, @@ -70126,10 +69505,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {5}, usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {inequality::income,sample::database,TODO::QUESTION}, - note = {looks at comparative advantage and cross-country income inequality; -\par -looks at offshoring / institutional quality = policy interventions?} + keywords = {inequality::income,sample::database,TODO::QUESTION} } @article{WOS:000782363700007, @@ -70250,10 +69626,7 @@ looks at offshoring / institutional quality = policy interventions?} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database}, - note = {looks at racial inequality; -\par -does not look at LM adjacency} + keywords = {country::US,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000784548000001, @@ -70708,8 +70081,7 @@ does not look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {7}, usage-count-since-2013 = {18}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor; Management}, - keywords = {country::Russia,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database}, - note = {does not look at individual policy intervention} + keywords = {country::Russia,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000802089200008, @@ -70836,10 +70208,7 @@ does not look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {11}, web-of-science-categories = {Demography; Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {looks at gender inequality of property ownership and how it reflects on the workplace; -\par -does not look at specific policy intervention} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000808698500001, @@ -71009,8 +70378,7 @@ does not look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {16}, web-of-science-categories = {Psychiatry}, - keywords = {cite::further_reading,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {COVID-19 focused call to action for contemperaneous global and local implementation of inequality-reducing programmes} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000815531400001, @@ -71285,8 +70653,7 @@ does not look at specific policy intervention} type = {{Article}}, title = {{The open science project in an unequal world}}, author = {Beigel, Fernanda}, - year = {2022}, - month = jun, + year = {2022-06/2022-09}, journal = {RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES-MADRID}, number = {50}, pages = {163--181}, @@ -71480,8 +70847,7 @@ does not look at specific policy intervention} type = {{Article}}, title = {{Transgression of the rights of women and the LGBT community due to gender inequality in public office}}, author = {{Acosta-Toledo}, Nicole and {Vasquez-Lapeira}, Mario and Pereira Ortega, Duanys Liesel}, - year = {2022}, - month = jul, + year = {2022-07/2022-12}, journal = {DIXI}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, @@ -71890,10 +71256,7 @@ does not look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Management}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {looks at gendered inequalities in LM adjacency; -\par -does not look at specific intervention} + keywords = {inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000857197000001, @@ -72213,8 +71576,7 @@ does not look at specific intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Business, Finance}, - keywords = {country::Ukraine,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::QUESTION}, - note = {looks at legal foundations but is it specific policy intervention?} + keywords = {country::Ukraine,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::QUESTION} } @article{WOS:000870123700001, @@ -72738,10 +72100,7 @@ does not look at specific intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,inequality::racial,intersectional,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {looks at how economic under-representation fuels inequalities; -\par -does NOT look at specific policy intervention} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,inequality::racial,intersectional,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000898738300015, @@ -72964,8 +72323,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {6}, usage-count-since-2013 = {8}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies}, - keywords = {country::India,inequality::age,inequality::gender,inequality::income,inequality::migration,method::qualitative,method::quantitative,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::QUESTION}, - note = {looks at LM adjacent outcomes of vocational training} + keywords = {country::India,inequality::age,inequality::gender,inequality::income,inequality::migration,method::qualitative,method::quantitative,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::QUESTION} } @article{WOS:000910749600001, @@ -73296,8 +72654,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Article}, title = {Politicizing Violence: {{Migration}}, Sex-Gender Violence and Community Care}, author = {Stang, Maria Fernanda and Stefoni, Carolina}, - year = {2022}, - month = dec, + year = {2022-12/2022-05}, journal = {DERECHO PUCP}, number = {89}, pages = {261--288}, @@ -73344,8 +72701,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Article}, title = {Examining the Relationship between the Level of Development of Countries and the Participation of Women in the Labor Market}, author = {Sumer, Irem and Altan, Meral}, - year = {2022}, - month = jul, + year = {2022-07/2022-12}, journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, @@ -73862,8 +73218,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {Pediatrics}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::gender,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database}, - note = {looks at LM adjacent policy initiative; does NOT look at LM adjacent inequality outcomes} + keywords = {country::US,inequality::gender,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000949947800001, @@ -74823,8 +74178,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Article}, title = {Risk Factors Associated with Adherence to Medical Oncology Treatment in Pediatrics}, author = {Prieto, B. Cecilia and Ibarra, B. Gloria and Guzman, V. Pablo and Werth, C. Alejandra and Espinoza, O. Romina and Sepulveda, C. Roberto}, - year = {2023}, - month = mar, + year = {2023-03/2023-04}, journal = {ANDES PEDIATRICA}, volume = {94}, number = {2}, @@ -74932,8 +74286,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {Demography}, - keywords = {out::title,sample::database}, - note = {no look at specific policy intervention} + keywords = {out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:001008478100001, @@ -74959,8 +74312,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {0}, web-of-science-categories = {Medicine, General \& Internal}, - keywords = {country::Canada,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {does not look at LM adjacency; specific intervention impact} + keywords = {country::Canada,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:001008589400006, @@ -75009,8 +74361,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Psychology, Developmental}, - keywords = {inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {does not look at specific intervention nor LM adjacency} + keywords = {inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:001012177000001, @@ -75284,8 +74635,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Article}, title = {Climate Crisis, Women and Children: Between Vulnerability and the Urgent Protection of Their Rights. {{Glimpses}} from the {{European}} Continent}, author = {Zambrano, Karla}, - year = {2023}, - month = jun, + year = {2023-06/2023-09}, journal = {RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES-MADRID}, number = {53}, pages = {31--48}, @@ -75496,8 +74846,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory \& Methods; Ergonomics}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database}, - note = {ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS), ELECTR NETWORK, JUN 13-17, 2022} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:001036791600001, @@ -76448,8 +75797,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Article}, title = {Differential Impact of New Technology on Rural Income and Employment in Dryland Regions of India}, author = {SINGH, {\relax RP}}, - year = {1994}, - month = oct, + year = {1994-10/1994-12}, journal = {JOURNAL OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, @@ -76471,8 +75819,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} type = {Article}, title = {The Competitive Advantage of the Inner-City}, author = {PORTER, {\relax ME}}, - year = {1995}, - month = may, + year = {1995-05/1995-06}, journal = {HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW}, volume = {73}, number = {3}, @@ -76631,8 +75978,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Public Administration}, - keywords = {issue::age,out::year,sample::database}, - note = {70th Annual Conference of the Western-Economic-Association-International, SAN DIEGO, CA, JUL 05-09, 1995} + keywords = {issue::age,out::year,sample::database} } @article{WOS:A1997WV37200003, @@ -77321,13 +76667,6 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} abstract = {Background: Human resources are at the heart of health systems, playing a central role in their functionality globally. It is estimated that up to 70{\textbackslash}textbackslash\% of the health workforce are women, however, this pattern is not reflected in the leadership of health systems where women are under-represented. Methods: This systematized review explored the existing literature around women's progress towards leadership in the health sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) which has used intersectional analysis. Results: While there are studies that have looked at the inequities and barriers women face in progressing towards leadership positions in health systems within LMICs, none explicitly used an intersectionality framework in their approach. These studies did nevertheless show recurring barriers to health systems leadership created at the intersection of gender and social identities such as professional cadre, race/ethnicity, financial status, and culture. These barriers limit women's access to resources that improve career development, including mentorship and sponsorship opportunities, reduce value, recognition and respect at work for women, and increase the likelihood of women to take on dual burdens of professional work and childcare and domestic work, and, create biased views about effectiveness of men and women's leadership styles. An intersectional lens helps to better understand how gender intersects with other social identities which results in upholding these persisting barriers to career progression and leadership. Conclusion: As efforts to reduce gender inequity in health systems are gaining momentum, it is important to look beyond gender and take into account other intersecting social identities that create unique positionalities of privilege and/or disadvantage. This approach should be adopted across a diverse range of health systems programs and policies in an effort to strengthen gender equity in health and specifically human resources for health (HRH), and improve health system governance, functioning and outcomes. Keywords: Gender, Intersectionality, Health Systems, Health Workforce, Leadership, Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) Copyright: (c) 2021 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Zeinali Z, Muraya K, Molyneux S, Morgan R. The use of intersectional analysis in assessing women's leadership progress in the health workforce in LMICs: a review. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2021;x(x):x-x. doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2021.06}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::gender,inequality::socio-demographic,intersectional,out::title,review::systematic}, - note = {systematic review of female leadership in health sector (LMICs) using intersectional analysis -\par -main findings: main barriers at intersection of gender and social identity of professional cadre, race/ethnicity, financial status, culture -\par -channels: limiting women's access to career development resources: mentorship, sponsorship opportunities, reduce value, recognition, respect at work for women -\par -main barriers: increased likelihood for women to take on 'dual burdens' professional work and childcare/domestic work, biased views effectiveness of men/women's leadership styles.}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/34DLCESV/Zeinali et al_2021_The Use of Intersectional Analysis in Assessing Women's Leadership Progress in.pdf} } diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/extraction_template.yml b/data/supplementary/extraction_template.yml similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/extraction_template.yml rename to data/supplementary/extraction_template.yml diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/findings-agency.csv b/data/supplementary/findings-agency.csv similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/findings-agency.csv rename to data/supplementary/findings-agency.csv diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/findings-institutional.csv b/data/supplementary/findings-institutional.csv similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/findings-institutional.csv rename to data/supplementary/findings-institutional.csv diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/findings-structural.csv b/data/supplementary/findings-structural.csv similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/findings-structural.csv rename to data/supplementary/findings-structural.csv diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/inclusion-criteria.tsv b/data/supplementary/inclusion-criteria.tsv similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/inclusion-criteria.tsv rename to data/supplementary/inclusion-criteria.tsv diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/justified.docx b/data/supplementary/justified.docx similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/justified.docx rename to data/supplementary/justified.docx diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/query.txt b/data/supplementary/query.txt similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/query.txt rename to data/supplementary/query.txt diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/terms_inequality.csv b/data/supplementary/terms_inequality.csv similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/terms_inequality.csv rename to data/supplementary/terms_inequality.csv diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/terms_policy.csv b/data/supplementary/terms_policy.csv similarity index 96% rename from 02-data/supplementary/terms_policy.csv rename to data/supplementary/terms_policy.csv index 3f38e6a..36b5c8d 100644 --- a/02-data/supplementary/terms_policy.csv +++ b/data/supplementary/terms_policy.csv @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ redistributive,work-life balance promotion,quality of education,commuting subsid ,guaranteed income [@Perez2022],comprehensive social protection,computer-assisted therapy [@Lettieri2017] ,universal basic income [@Perez2022],sustainable social protection,work organization [@Nevala2015] ,provision of living wage [@Perez2022],supported employment [@Lettieri2017],special transportation [@Nevala2015] -,maternity leave [@Chang2021],"vocational rehabilitation [@Silvaggi2020, @Lettieri2017]",collective action +,maternity leave [@Chang2021],"vocational rehabilitation [@Silvaggi2020; @Lettieri2017]",collective action ,,unionization, diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/terms_wow.csv b/data/supplementary/terms_wow.csv similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/terms_wow.csv rename to data/supplementary/terms_wow.csv diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/un-deduplicated-study-counts.tsv b/data/supplementary/un-deduplicated-study-counts.tsv similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/un-deduplicated-study-counts.tsv rename to data/supplementary/un-deduplicated-study-counts.tsv diff --git a/02-data/supplementary/wb-country-groupings.xlsx b/data/supplementary/wb-country-groupings.xlsx similarity index 100% rename from 02-data/supplementary/wb-country-groupings.xlsx rename to data/supplementary/wb-country-groupings.xlsx diff --git a/03-documentation/findings-per-policy-area.md b/docs/findings-per-policy-area.md similarity index 99% rename from 03-documentation/findings-per-policy-area.md rename to docs/findings-per-policy-area.md index e19ce75..66b5eb7 100644 --- a/03-documentation/findings-per-policy-area.md +++ b/docs/findings-per-policy-area.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Summary of study findings -written into 02-data/supplementary/findings-*.csv tables +written into data/supplementary/findings-*.csv tables ## Institutional diff --git a/03-documentation/inequality_framework.png b/docs/inequality_framework.png similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/inequality_framework.png rename to docs/inequality_framework.png diff --git a/03-documentation/mail_2023-09-28.md b/docs/mail_2023-09-28.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/mail_2023-09-28.md rename to docs/mail_2023-09-28.md diff --git a/03-documentation/measures.md b/docs/measures.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/measures.md rename to docs/measures.md diff --git a/03-documentation/meeting_2023-09-15.md b/docs/meeting_2023-09-15.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/meeting_2023-09-15.md rename to docs/meeting_2023-09-15.md diff --git a/03-documentation/meeting_2023-10-10.md b/docs/meeting_2023-10-10.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/meeting_2023-10-10.md rename to docs/meeting_2023-10-10.md diff --git a/03-documentation/meeting_2023-11-02.md b/docs/meeting_2023-11-02.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/meeting_2023-11-02.md rename to docs/meeting_2023-11-02.md diff --git a/03-documentation/meeting_2023-11-29.md b/docs/meeting_2023-11-29.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/meeting_2023-11-29.md rename to docs/meeting_2023-11-29.md diff --git a/03-documentation/meeting_2023-12-11.md b/docs/meeting_2023-12-11.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/meeting_2023-12-11.md rename to docs/meeting_2023-12-11.md diff --git a/03-documentation/meeting_2023-12-12.md b/docs/meeting_2023-12-12.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/meeting_2023-12-12.md rename to docs/meeting_2023-12-12.md diff --git a/03-documentation/meeting_2023-12-23.md b/docs/meeting_2023-12-23.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/meeting_2023-12-23.md rename to docs/meeting_2023-12-23.md diff --git a/03-documentation/meeting_2024-01-26.md b/docs/meeting_2024-01-26.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/meeting_2024-01-26.md rename to docs/meeting_2024-01-26.md diff --git a/03-documentation/meeting_2024-02-09.md b/docs/meeting_2024-02-09.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/meeting_2024-02-09.md rename to docs/meeting_2024-02-09.md diff --git a/03-documentation/review-pool-years-done.md b/docs/review-pool-years-done.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/review-pool-years-done.md rename to docs/review-pool-years-done.md diff --git a/03-documentation/screening-tool.md b/docs/screening-tool.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/screening-tool.md rename to docs/screening-tool.md diff --git a/03-documentation/terms_of_reference-key_terms.md b/docs/terms_of_reference-key_terms.md similarity index 100% rename from 03-documentation/terms_of_reference-key_terms.md rename to docs/terms_of_reference-key_terms.md diff --git a/03-documentation/validity_tool.md b/docs/validity_tool.md similarity index 84% rename from 03-documentation/validity_tool.md rename to docs/validity_tool.md index 83c8e7a..ea0bf75 100644 --- a/03-documentation/validity_tool.md +++ b/docs/validity_tool.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Validity estimators -For a general concept description see ../03-documentation/terms_of_reference-key_terms.md#validity +For a general concept description see ../docs/terms_of_reference-key_terms.md#validity From Maitrot2017 -> Section 4, Figure 3 and Appendix table notes They rank *only* quasi-experimental/experimental diff --git a/final_document/deliverables/2024-04-02/Inequalities-WoW-Review_Oehme.docx b/final_document/deliverables/2024-04-02/Inequalities-WoW-Review_Oehme.docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80f7dc2 Binary files /dev/null and b/final_document/deliverables/2024-04-02/Inequalities-WoW-Review_Oehme.docx differ diff --git a/final_document/deliverables/2024-04-02/Observations-Extracted_raw.csv b/final_document/deliverables/2024-04-02/Observations-Extracted_raw.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3275ad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/final_document/deliverables/2024-04-02/Observations-Extracted_raw.csv @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +citation,author,year,title,publisher,uri,pubtype,discipline,country,period,maxlength,targeting,group,data,design,method,sample,unit,representativeness,causal,theory,limitations,notes,intervention,institutional,structural,agency,inequality,type,indicator,measures,findings,channels,direction,significance,external_validity,internal_validity +Adam2018,"Adam, C., Bevan, D., & Gollin, D.",2018,"Rural-urban linkages, public investment and transport costs: The case of tanzania",World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.013,article,development,Tanzania,2001,,explicit,rural workers,"national Tanzania Social Accounting Matrix (SAM, 2001); national administrative survey Integrated Labor Force Survey (2001), Tanzania Agricultural Sample Census (2003)",simulation,general equilibrium model,7.0,household,"subnational, rural",1.0,transport cost burden approach,can not account for population change (e.g. pop growth); causality based on model only,there can be spatial differences to how connected regions within a country are to markets purely due to transport costs,infrastructure,0,1,0,spatial; income,1.0,0.0,real consumption wage differences,"results depend on financing scheme, each financing scheme entails some households being worse off; rural households worse off when infrastructure is deficit-financed or paid through tariff revenue; rural households benefit most when financed through consumption taxes or by external aid",movement of rural workers out of quasi-subsistence agriculture to other locations and sectors,-1.0,2.0,3.0,0.0 +Rosen2014,"Rosen, M. I., Ablondi, K., Black, A. C., Mueller, L., Serowik, K. L., Martino, S., Mobo, B. H., & Rosenheck, R. A.",2014,Work outcomes after benefits counseling among veterans applying for service connection for a psychiatric condition,Psychiatric Services,https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300478,article,health,United States,2008-2011,6.0,explicit,disabled,"baseline, 3 follow-up surveys; timeline follow-back calendar",experimental,RCT,84.0,individual,local,1.0,,can not locate active ingredient,,counseling (benefits counseling),0,0,1,disability; age,1.0,0.0,hours worked (rtw),counseling had significant increas on more waged days worked; on average 3 additional days worked in 28 days preceding measurement,"not clear, neither belief about work, benefits, nor mental health/substance abuse service use increased significantly",1.0,2.0,2.0,5.0 +Xu2021,"Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V.",2021,"Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa",African Development Review,https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12511,article,development,Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo‐Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo; D.R. of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Côte d'Ivoire; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia,2000-2015,,implicit,workers,UNDP income equality; UN Conference on Trade and Veleopment FDI; World Bank WDI; World Bank World Governance Indicators,quasi-experimental,generalized method of moments,38.0,country,"national, census",0.0,,contains a variety of institutional-structural context within region,,trade liberalization (FDI),0,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,increased income equality through FDI (p < .1),primarily goes to agriculture which can employ low-skilled labour,-1.0,1.0,5.0,4.0 +Xu2021,"Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V.",2021,"Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa",African Development Review,https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12511,article,development,Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo‐Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo; D.R. of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Côte d'Ivoire; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia,2000-2015,,implicit,workers,UNDP income equality; UN Conference on Trade and Veleopment FDI; World Bank WDI; World Bank World Governance Indicators,quasi-experimental,generalized method of moments,38.0,country,"national, census",0.0,,contains a variety of institutional-structural context within region,,trade liberalization,0,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,"significantly decreased income equality through trade liberalization; equally for political stability, corruption, rule of law increase","higher import than export, creating jobs in other countries",1.0,2.0,5.0,4.0 +Xu2021,"Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V.",2021,"Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa",African Development Review,https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12511,article,development,Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo‐Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo; D.R. of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Côte d'Ivoire; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia,2000-2015,,implicit,workers,UNDP income equality; UN Conference on Trade and Veleopment FDI; World Bank WDI; World Bank World Governance Indicators,quasi-experimental,generalized method of moments,38.0,country,"national, census",0.0,,contains a variety of institutional-structural context within region,,education,1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,education significantly decreases income equality in the region,potentially inequal access to education through exclusion (e.g. spatial/gender/financial); differentiated quality of education,1.0,2.0,5.0,4.0 +Wong2019,"Wong, S. A.",2019,Minimum wage impacts on wages and hours worked of low-income workers in Ecuador,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.12.004,article,development,Ecuador,2011-2014,12.0,implicit,wage workers,national employment survey (ENEMDU),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference approach,1624422.0,individual,"national, census",1.0,,some small sort-dependency in panel data; can only account for effects in period of economic growth,,minimum wage,1,1,0,income; gender,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,"decreased income inequality through significant increase on income of low-wage earners; larger effect for agricultural workers, smaller for women; potentially negative impact on income of high-earners",income-compression effect,-1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0 +Wong2019,"Wong, S. A.",2019,Minimum wage impacts on wages and hours worked of low-income workers in Ecuador,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.12.004,article,development,Ecuador,2011-2014,12.0,implicit,wage workers,national employment survey (ENEMDU),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference approach,1624422.0,individual,"national, census",1.0,,some small sort-dependency in panel data; can only account for effects in period of economic growth,,minimum wage,1,1,0,income; gender,0.0,0.0,hours worked,significant effect on hours worked; no significant spillover effect on workers in control group; significant negative impact on female hours worked,possibly decreased intensive margin for female workers; affecting lower income increase of women,1.0,0.0,5.0,3.0 +Whitworth2021,"Whitworth, A.",2021,Spatial creaming and parking?: The case of the UK work programme,Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy,https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-020-09349-0,article,economics,United Kingdom,2011-2017,72.0,implicit,unemployed,Department for Work and Pensions Work Programme statistics,observational,three-stage linear model,1494.0,individual,national,0.0,social creaming & parking (used spatially),no causal inferrence attempted,,work programme,0,1,0,spatial,1.0,0.0,employment,already deprived areas experience further deprivation,providers de-prioritize job-weak areas (spatial parking),-1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0 +Suh2017,"Suh, M.-G.",2017,Determinants of female labor force participation in south korea: Tracing out the U-shaped curve by economic growth,Social Indicators Research,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1245-1,article,sociology,"Korea, Rep.",1980-2014,,implicit,married women,Statistical Database in Statistical Information Service Korea 2015,quasi-experimental,OLS regression; log-linear analysis; contingency analysis with cross-tab statistics; Gini coeff as income inequality indicator,35.0,case,"national, census",0.0,,,,education,0,1,0,income; generational; gender,1.0,1.0,employment,education significant increase in married women's employment; female labour force participation negative correlation with income inequality; female education also positively affects daughters' education level,"education being necessary not sufficient condition, also influenced by family size and structure",1.0,2.0,5.0,2.0 +Stock2021,"Stock, R. (2021).",2021,Bright as night: Illuminating the antinomies of `gender positive’ solar development,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105196,article,development,India,2018,1.0,implicit,women,"baseline survey, interviews",observational,quantitative survey and in-depth interviews; discourse analysis,200.0,household,"subnational, rural",0.0,authoritative knowledge power framework (Laclau&Mouffe),no causal research,,infrastructure,0,1,0,gender; income; spatial,1.0,0.0,employment,insignificant increased employment probability; advantaged women predominantly belong to dominant castes,project capture by village female elites; women of disadvantaged castes further excluded from training and work opportunities,1.0,0.0,3.0,0.0 +Standing2015,"Standing, G.",2015,Why Basic Income’s Emancipatory Value Exceeds Its Monetary Value,Basic Income Studies,https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2015-0021,article,economics,India,2010-2013,18.0,implicit,low-income households,baseline & 3 follow-up surveys and censuses; structured interviews,experimental,"rural RCT, randomization at village level; 18/12 months of ubi provision with follow up surveys and interviews",1665.0,household,"subnational, rural",1.0,"Lauderdale paradox (money, if scarce becomes even more valuable resource)",,"ubi paid in addition to any other state transfers; included in sample for effects on work choice (forced to work for debtors, free to pursue own-work)",ubi,1,0,1,income; ethnicity,0.0,0.0,debt,ubi significantly decreases debts; results go beyond direct monetary value; households did not have to work for lenders/to pay off debt,directly enables debt reduction; reduces debt-dependency risks; avoids taking on new debt; enables choosing less exploitative forms of borrowing,-1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0 +Standing2015,"Standing, G.",2015,Why Basic Income’s Emancipatory Value Exceeds Its Monetary Value,Basic Income Studies,https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2015-0021,article,economics,India,2010-2013,18.0,implicit,low-income households,baseline & 3 follow-up surveys and censuses; structured interviews,experimental,"rural RCT, randomization at village level; 18/12 months of ubi provision with follow up surveys and interviews",1665.0,household,"subnational, rural",1.0,"Lauderdale paradox (money, if scarce becomes even more valuable resource)",,"ubi paid in addition to any other state transfers; included in sample for effects on work choice (forced to work for debtors, free to pursue own-work)",ubi,1,0,1,income; ethnicity,0.0,0.0,saving,ubi significantly increases savings; allowed increasing economic security/empowerment of households,"shift to institutionalized saving strengthening shock resilience; schooling of the household head, landholding, caste and household size also affect savings",1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0 +SilveiraNeto2011,"Silveira Neto, R. D. M., & Azzoni, C. R.",2011,Non-spatial government policies and regional income inequality in brazil,Regional Studies,https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400903241485,article,economics,Brazil,1995-2005,,implicit,poor,national administrative survey 'Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicılio' (PNAD),quasi-experimental,"OLS, beta convergence test",27.0,region,"national, census",1.0,,limited underlying data only allows estimation of Bolsa impact at endline; minimum wage had to be estimated from minimum-wage equal job incomes,,minimum wage; direct transfers (cash),1,0,1,spatial; income,1.0,1.0,Gini coeff,"incomes have converged between regions after introduction of cash transfer and minimum wage with both accounting for 26.2% of effect; minimum wage contributed 16.6% to overall Gini reduction, transfers 9.6%",quasi-regional effects through predominant transfers to poorer regions,-1.0,2.0,5.0,2.0 +Shepherd-Banigan2021,"Shepherd-Banigan, M., Pogoda, T. K., McKenna, K., Sperber, N., & Van Houtven, C. H.",2021,Experiences of VA vocational and education training and assistance services: Facilitators and barriers reported by veterans with disabilities,In Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal,https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000437,article,psychology,United States,2018,,explicit,disabled,interviews,qualitative,semi-structured interviews,26.0,individual,local,0.0,,sample restricted to veterans with caregiver; data provide little evidence for supported employment efficacy,,training,0,0,1,age; disability,1.0,1.0,employment (rtw),vocational and educational services help strengthen individual agency and motivation; potential disability payment loss may impede skills development efforts,"primary barriers health problems, programmes not accomodating disabled veteran student needs; primary facilitator financial assistance for education and individual motivation",1.0,,2.0,0.0 +Rendall2013,"Rendall, M.",2013,Structural change in developing countries: Has it decreased gender inequality?,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.10.005,article,development,Brazil; Mexico; India; Thailand,1987-2008,,implicit,women,WB Household Survey; IPUMS USA/International/CPS,quasi-experimental,OLS; Mincer wage regression; Wellington wage gap decomposition; comparative average factor deviations,200000.0,individual,"national, census",,capital displacing production brawn (Galor & Weil 1996),,,trade liberalization (structural changes),0,1,0,gender; income,1.0,1.0,female employment shares,"all countries decreased brawn requirements (smallest change in India, 0.2ppts; largest in Thailand 15ppts); decreased labour market gender inequality in Brazil; largest steady LM inequality in India; mixed results for Mexico and Thailand",reduced requirement for physical labour (switching 'brawn' to 'brain'); switching to e.g. service-oriented labour,1.0,2.0,5.0,2.0 +Rendall2013,"Rendall, M.",2013,Structural change in developing countries: Has it decreased gender inequality?,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.10.005,article,development,Brazil; Mexico; India; Thailand,1987-2008,,implicit,women,WB Household Survey; IPUMS USA/International/CPS,quasi-experimental,OLS; Mincer wage regression; Wellington wage gap decomposition; comparative average factor deviations,200000.0,individual,"national, census",,capital displacing production brawn (Galor & Weil 1996),,,trade liberalization (structural changes),0,1,0,gender; income,1.0,1.0,female wage shares,"Brazil closed wage gap the fastest, though widened more recently; Thailand/India mixed results","reduced returns on brain intensive occupations in Brazil; different LM skill structure in Thailand/India, context dependency of structural changes",1.0,1.0,5.0,2.0 +Poppen2017,"Poppen, M., Lindstrom, L., Unruh, D., Khurana, A., & Bullis, M.",2017,Preparing youth with disabilities for employment: An analysis of vocational rehabilitation case services data,Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation,https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-160857,article,health,United States,2003-2013,,explicit,disabled young adults,state administrative Oregon Rehabilitation Case Automation system (ORCA),quasi-experimental,multivariate logistic regression; OLS,4443.0,individual,subnational,0.0,,data gathered for service delivery not research may provide lower reliability; no measurement for service quality; no nationally representative sample lowers generalizability,,training (vocational rehabilitation),0,1,1,disability; gender; age,1.0,0.0,employment,"significantly decreased employment probability for women, having mental illness or traumatic brain injury as primary disability, multiple disabilities, interpersonal/self-care impediment, receiving social security benefits; youth-transition programme, more VR services significantly increased",,1.0,2.0,3.0,2.0 +Pi2016,"Pi, J., & Zhang, P.",2016,Hukou system reforms and skilled-unskilled wage inequality in China,China Economic Review,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.08.009,article,economics,China,1988-2013,12.0,implicit,urban workers,national administrative Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2010-13,simulation,general equilibrium model,,household,"subnational, urban",0.0,,generalizability restricted due to specific institutional contexts of Chinese hukou systems; no disaggregation to private/public sector; job search not part of model,,social security; education (access),1,1,0,income; migration; ethnicity,1.0,1.0,decile ratios (90th to 10th),increased access to social security for urban migrants decreases wage inequality between skilled-unskilled urban workers if skilled sector is more capital intensive than unskilled sector,,-1.0,,3.0,0.0 +Militaru2019,"Militaru, E., Popescu, M. E., Cristescu, A., & Vasilescu, M. D.",2019,Assessing minimum wage policy implications upon income inequalities: The case of Romania,Sustainability,https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092542,article,economics,Romania,2013-2014,12.0,explicit,low-income workers,EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC),simulation,microsimulation (EUROMOD); counterfactual analysis,7500.0,household,national,0.0,,"dependent on simulation order; can not account for tax evasion, behavioural changes; over-representation of employees in sample; remaining unobservables on inequality outcomes","does not see minimum wage increase as most efficient income inequality reduction policy per se, but sees efficiency possibly enhanced by accompanying skills development programs",minimum wage,1,1,0,income; gender,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,small decrease in wage inequality; larger impact for women,"concentration of workers at minimum wage level matters, women make up larger part; increase in number of wage earners in total number of employees",-1.0,,4.0,0.0 +Liyanaarachchi2016,"Liyanaarachchi, T. S., Naranpanawa, A., & Bandara, J. S.",2016,Impact of trade liberalisation on labour market and poverty in Sri Lanka. An integrated macro-micro modelling approach,Economic Modelling,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.07.008,article,economy,Sri Lanka,2009-2010,12.0,implicit,workers,national administrative Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES),simulation,macro-micro computable general equilibrium model,19958.0,household,national,1.0,,static model not able to account for transition paths; no disaggregated sectoral input-output data available,,trade liberalization,1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Atkinson index; S-Gini index; Atkinson-Gini index; Entropy index,"reduced absolute poverty for tariff elimination only, mixed results but reduction for tariff elim and fiscal policy changes together; income inequality increases in long-run in all sectors","increased wage differences (esp for manager, professionals, technicians and urban workers); low-income households more dependent on private/gov transfers which do not increase with trade liberalization",1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0 +Li2022,"Li, Y., & Sunder, N.",2022,Land inequality and workfare policies,Journal of development studies,https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.2008362,article,development,India,2005-2006,12.0,implicit,potential labour force,"Indian Agricultural Census (2000, 2005); national administrative panel data MGNREGA public data portal",quasi-experimental,"OLS, instrumental variable approach",414.0,district,"national, census",1.0,political capture theory,sample attrition in matching NREGA districts to GINI data; assumption of no institutional/cultural unobservables,,work programme,0,1,0,income; spatial,0.0,0.0,employment (LFP rate per land ownership through Gini),"work programme generally increases LFP; but internal heterogeneity, difference in job provision not due to public job demand changes, caste, religion; previous capital inequality (land ownership) strongly affects programme efficacy","landlords oppose implementation due to general wage increases following, lobby against workfare introduction; decreased bargaining power of labour in more inequal districts",1.0,2.0,5.0,4.0 +Kuriyama2021,"Kuriyama, A., & Abe, N.",2021,Decarbonisation of the power sector to engender a 'Just transition’ in Japan: Quantifying local employment impacts,Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110610,article,development,Japan,2016,,,rural workers,Historical Data of Power Supply and Demand Record Data,simulation,multi-step projection modelling; use Gini coefficient,10.0,region,national,0.0,,has to assume amount of generated power as stable square function increase 2016-2050; employment numbers based on initial estimated model data only,"highest impact in construction and manufacturing sector, long-term large impact in power sector, stable impacts throughout in service sectors and others",infrastructure,0,1,0,spatial,1.0,0.0,employment,power sector decarbonisation positively impacts rural workers through increased employment probability,attachment of larger-scale renewable energy to rural sectors increases employment scarcity,1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0 +Khan2021,"Khan, M. A., Walmsley, T., & Mukhopadhyay, K.",2021,Trade liberalization and income inequality: The case for Pakistan,Journal of Asian Economics,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2021.101310,article,economics,Pakistan,2010-2011,,implicit,workers,GTAP database; SAM Pakistan 2010-2011 (IFPRI),simulation,computable general equilibrium model; MyGTAP model,30.0,region,national,1.0,,generalizability might be reduced due to production factor reallocations specific to the rural poor context of Pakistan,,trade liberalization,1,1,0,income; spatial,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,"mixed results for free-trade agreements (some Large TA negative correlation w Gini, some regional/bilateral also); impact of trade liberalization depends on micro-economic factors; greater mobility dissipates short-term effects; long-term some increase in income equality","increases in income of poor rural agricultural farm households dependent on grain (with largest export grain rising under most FTA, livestock falling); equity increases through increased wages of farm workers, when this did not happen generally equity decrease; wage compression effects",0.0,0.0,4.0,0.0 +Hojman2019,"Hojman, A., & López Bóo, F.",2019,Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and Mothers,Inter-American Development Bank,https://doi.org/10.18235/0001849,working paper,development,Nicaragua,2013-2015,24.0,implicit,poor mothers,baseline survey and 12-month follow-up survey,experimental,RCT; instrumental variable; marginal treatment effects,1442.0,individual,"subnational, urban",1.0,,effect on employment is insignificant with IV on randomization alone; relatively small overall sample,,subsidy (childcare),0,1,1,gender; generational; income,1.0,0.0,employment,free childcare significantly increases work participation of mothers (14ppts); increases human capital of children,subsidy removes associated childcare costs (fewer childcare hours),1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0 +Hardoy2015,"Hardoy, I., & Schøne, P.",2015,Enticing even higher female labor supply: The impact of cheaper day care,Review of Economics of the Household,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-013-9215-8,article,economics,Norway,1995-2006,48.0,implicit,mothers,Norwegian Labor and Welfare Service (NAV); Register for Employers and Employees,quasi-experimental,triple-difference approach,200530.0,individual,national,1.0,,simultaneous capacity extension may bias results,,subsidy (childcare),1,1,0,gender; education; migration,1.0,0.0,employment; hours worked,"child care price reduction increased female labour supply (about 5pct); no impact on mothers already participating in labour market; stronger impact on low-education mothers, low-income households; no significant impact on immigrant mothers",day care expenditure larger part of low-income/-education households creating larger impact; may also be due to average lower employment rates for those households,1.0,2.0,4.0,3.0 +Go2010,"Go, D. S., Kearney, M., Korman, V., Robinson, S., & Thierfelder, K.",2010,Wage subsidy and labour market flexibility in south africa,Journal of development studies,https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380903428456,article,development,South Africa,2003,,implicit,low-/semi-skilled workers,GCE model based on 2003 LM data; Pauw & Edwards (2006),simulation,"micro-simulation; multi-sector, multi-labour computable general equilibrium model",43.0,sector,national,0.0,,potentially reduced generalizability due to simulation's assumptions,,subsidy (wage),0,1,0,income,0.0,0.0,Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty headcount ratio,"overall decrease in FGT ratio, about 1.6% of households moving out of poverty; similar changes in urban/rural spaces; greater gains in poorer households",income gains for poorer households,-1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0 +Go2010,"Go, D. S., Kearney, M., Korman, V., Robinson, S., & Thierfelder, K.",2010,Wage subsidy and labour market flexibility in south africa,Journal of development studies,https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380903428456,article,development,South Africa,2003,,implicit,low-/semi-skilled workers,GCE model based on 2003 LM data; Pauw & Edwards (2006),simulation,"micro-simulation; multi-sector, multi-labour computable general equilibrium model",43.0,sector,national,0.0,,potentially reduced generalizability due to simulation's assumptions,,subsidy (wage),0,1,0,income,0.0,0.0,Gini coeff,"Overall reduction in income inequality (0.5 ppt), not significant effects",income redistribution; increased formal employment for low-/medium-skill workers,-1.0,0.0,4.0,0.0 +Gilbert2001,"Gilbert, A., Phimister, E., & Theodossiou, I.",2001,The potential impact of the minimum wage in rural areas,Regional Studies,https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400120084759,article,economic,United Kingdom,1991-1998,84.0,implicit,rural workers,national administrative panel survey British Household Panel Survey (BHPS),observational,observational methods with counterfactual approach,5500.0,household,"subnational, rural",1.0,,has to assume no effects on employment,,minimum wage,1,0,0,spatial; income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,overall insignificant decrease of income inequality; policy will have spatial dimension with rural households more affected; larger positive impact for remote rural households,rural component depends on proximity to urban areas through having access to urban markets,-1.0,1.0,3.0,0.0 +Gates2000,"Gates, L. B.",2000,Workplace Accommodation as a Social Process,Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation,https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009445929841,article,sociology,United States,2000,12.0,explicit,mentally ill workers,"survey, protocol",qualitative,action protocol development,12.0,individual,local,0.0,,,,counseling (workplace accommodation),0,1,1,disability,1.0,0.0,employment (rtw),successful accommodation requires social component; relationship largest barrier; agency of returnee must be strengthened,unsuccessful accommodations rely on the functional aspect; supervisors play primary role in success of accommodation process,1.0,,2.0,0.0 +Field2019,"Field, E., Pande, R., Rigol, N., Schaner, S., & Moore, C. T.",2019,On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women’s Financial Control Affects Labor Supply and Gender Norms,National Bureau of Economic Research,https://doi.org/10.3386/w26294,working paper,development,India,2013-2017,36.0,explicit,women workers,"baseline, 2 follow-up surveys; MGNREGS Program Management information system (MIS)",experimental,"RCT; individual account (partial treatment), account + training (full treatment)",5851.0,household,"subnational, rural",1.0,financial empowerment as normative tool,possibility of upward bias due to attenuation over time,long-run effects for constrained women working driven by private sector,training (financial),0,0,1,gender; spatial,1.0,0.0,employment; hours worked,short-term deposits into women's own accounts and training increased labour supply; long-term increased acceptance of female work and female hours worked,increased bargaining power through greater control of income,1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0 +Emigh2018,"Emigh, R. J., Feliciano, C., O’Malley, C., & Cook-Martin, D.",2018,The effect of state transfers on poverty in post-socialist eastern europe,Social Indicators Research,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1660-y,article,economics,Hungary; Bulgaria; Romania,1999-2002,24.0,implicit,poor people,panel data,quasi-experimental,two-wave panel analysis; OLS; random effects negative binomial model,7949.0,individual,national,0.0,institutionalist perspective; underclass perspective; neoclassical perspective,does not have long-term panel data to fully analyse underclass/neoclassical perspectives,"increased probability for poverty of low-education, large, Roma households",direct transfers (cash),0,1,1,income; ethnicity; gender,0.0,0.0,poverty,"level of payments may have been too small to eliminate long-term adverse effects of market transition; in each country case state transfers to individuals reduced their poverty and were at least short-term beneficial; poverty most feminized in Hungary, least feminized in Bulgaria",poverty may have feminized as market transitions progressed; larger positive transfer effects for low-education households,-1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0 +Dustmann2012,"Dustmann, C., & Schönberg, U.",2012,Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children’s Long-Term Outcomes,Economic journal: applied economics,https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.190,article,economics,Germany,1979-1992,40.0,explicit,working mothers,national administrative Social Security Records (1975-2008),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference analysis,13000.0,individual,"national, census",0.0,,sample restricted to mothers who go on maternity leave; restricted control group identification,no sign. impact on child outcomes; possible negative effect for long-term leave due to child requiring external stimuli and lowered mother's income,paid leave (6 months childcare),1,1,0,gender,1.0,0.0,income,sign. positive effects among all wage segments for mothers cumulative income 40 months after childbirth,provision of job protection and short-term monetary benefits,1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0 +Dustmann2012,"Dustmann, C., & Schönberg, U.",2012,Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children’s Long-Term Outcomes,Economic journal: applied economics,https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.190,article,economics,Germany,1979-1992,40.0,explicit,working mothers,national administrative Social Security Records (1975-2008),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference analysis,13000.0,individual,"national, census",0.0,,sample restricted to mothers who go on maternity leave; restricted control group identification,no sign. impact on child outcomes; possible negative effect for long-term leave due to child requiring external stimuli and lowered mother's income,paid leave (36 months childcare),1,1,0,gender,1.0,0.0,income,marginally sign. negative effect for low-wage mothers after 10month paid leave; significant negative effects among for all mothers cumulative income for 36 month paid leave,"long-term extension is unpaid leave, only providing job protection",-1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0 +Dustmann2012,"Dustmann, C., & Schönberg, U.",2012,Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children’s Long-Term Outcomes,Economic journal: applied economics,https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.190,article,economics,Germany,1979-1992,40.0,explicit,working mothers,national administrative Social Security Records (1975-2008),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference analysis,13000.0,individual,"national, census",0.0,,sample restricted to mothers who go on maternity leave; restricted control group identification,no sign. impact on child outcomes; possible negative effect for long-term leave due to child requiring external stimuli and lowered mother's income,paid leave (childcare),1,1,0,gender,1.0,1.0,employment (rtw share),"sign. increase in months away from work among all wage segments, positively correlated with length of paid leave; majority rtw after leave end, with slight decrease for 18-36month leave period",,-1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0 +Delesalle2021,"Delesalle, E.",2021,The effect of the Universal Primary Education program on consumption and on the employment sector: Evidence from Tanzania,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105345,article,development,Tanzania,2002-2012,36.0,implicit,rural workers,Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Population and Housing Census 2002; Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference approach; IV approach,433606.0,individual,national,0.0,human capital theory,"can not directly identify intervention compliers, constructing returns for household heads; 'villagization' effect may have impacted unobserved variables affecting returns",programme increased primary education access and introduced more technical curriculum,education (universal),0,1,0,spatial; education,1.0,1.0,education,"improved overall rural education; education inequalities persist along gender, geographical, income lines","villagization effect, increased education access",1.0,,4.0,4.0 +Delesalle2021,"Delesalle, E.",2021,The effect of the Universal Primary Education program on consumption and on the employment sector: Evidence from Tanzania,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105345,article,development,Tanzania,2002-2012,36.0,implicit,rural workers,Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Population and Housing Census 2002; Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference approach; IV approach,433606.0,individual,national,0.0,human capital theory,"can not directly identify intervention compliers, constructing returns for household heads; 'villagization' effect may have impacted unobserved variables affecting returns",programme increased primary education access and introduced more technical curriculum,education (universal),0,1,1,spatial; education; gender,1.0,0.0,consumption,sg increase for formal wage and agricultural work for women; sg increase in non-agricultural wage work for men; returns to education lower in agriculture than other self-employment/wage work,"sector choice changes, increased individual productivity",1.0,2.0,4.0,4.0 +Debowicz2014,"Debowicz, D., & Golan, J",2014,The impact of Oportunidades on human capital and income distribution in Mexico: A top-down/bottom-up approach,Journal of Policy Modeling,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.10.014,article,economics,Mexico,2008,,explicit,poor,national administrative survey Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 2008,simulation,"general equilibrium model, microeconometric simulation model",30000.0,household,national,0.0,human capital theory,analytical household-level limitations; no indirect cost-effects able to be accounted for; static model,study attempts to explictly account for spillover effects and capture conditionality for school attendance,direct transfers (cash),0,1,0,income; generational,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,raises average income of poorest households by 23%; increasing skills decreases inequality,"cash influx; positive wage effect benefitting those who keep their children at work; direct benefit for human capital increase (school attendance), indirect benefit for increased scarcity of unskilled labor",-1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0 +Davies2022,"Davies, J. M., Brighton, L. J., Reedy, F., & Bajwah, S.",2022,"Maternity provision, contract status, and likelihood of returning to work: Evidence from research intensive universities in the UK",Gender Work And Organization,https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12843,article,organization,United Kingdom,2013-2018,,implicit,high-skill female workers,FOI data of Russell Group universities,observational,cross-sectional; pooled odds ratios,17.0,employer,local,0.0,scarce high-level academic female representation through 'leaky pipeline',fragmented data restricting observable variables; doest not account for atypical/short-term contracts,study on public university employers only,paid leave (childcare),1,1,0,gender,1.0,1.0,employment (rtw ratios),significantly decreased employment probability for rtw on fixed-term contracts compared to open-ended contracts; most universities provided limited access to maternity payment for fixed-contract staff,fewer included provisions in fixed-term contracts; strict policies on payments if contract ends before end of maternity leave/minimum length of rtw; long-term continuous service requirements for extended payments,-1.0,2.0,2.0,0.0 +Clark2019,"Clark, S., Kabiru, C. W., Laszlo, S., & Muthuri, S.",2019,The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa,Demography,https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00793-3,article,sociology,Kenya,2015-2016,12.0,explicit,mothers,national administrative survey Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System,experimental,RCT,738.0,individual,"subnational, urban",1.0,economic empowerment theory,results restricted to 1 year; relatively high attrition rate,,subsidy (childcare),0,1,0,gender,1.0,1.0,employment probability difference,subsidy increased employment probability (8.5ppts) for poor married mothers,increased ability to work through lower childcare burden,1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0 +Clark2019,"Clark, S., Kabiru, C. W., Laszlo, S., & Muthuri, S.",2019,The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa,Demography,https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00793-3,article,sociology,Kenya,2015-2016,12.0,explicit,mothers,national administrative survey Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System,experimental,RCT,738.0,individual,"subnational, urban",1.0,economic empowerment theory,results restricted to 1 year; relatively high attrition rate,,subsidy (childcare),0,1,0,gender,1.0,0.0,hours worked,subsidy decreased hours worked without decreasing income for single mothers,allows shifting to jobs with more regular hours,-1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0 +Cieplinski2021,"Cieplinski, A., D’Alessandro, S., Distefano, T., & Guarnieri, P.",2021,Coupling environmental transition and social prosperity: A scenario-analysis of the Italian case,Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2021.03.007,article,economics,Italy,2010-2014,,implicit,workers,"ISTAT national accounts 2010,2014; EU-KLEMS LM data",simulation,dynamic macrosimulation model,,individual,national,1.0,,models assumption of workers accepting lower income and consumption levels for work time reduction,,regulation (working time reduction),1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini; employment rates,working time reduction policy significantly increases employment; significantly decreases income inequality,significantly decreases aggregate demand,-1.0,1.0,4.0,0.0 +Cieplinski2021,"Cieplinski, A., D’Alessandro, S., Distefano, T., & Guarnieri, P.",2021,Coupling environmental transition and social prosperity: A scenario-analysis of the Italian case,Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2021.03.007,article,economics,Italy,2010-2014,,implicit,workers,"ISTAT national accounts 2010,2014; EU-KLEMS LM data",simulation,dynamic macrosimulation model,,individual,national,1.0,,models assumption of workers accepting lower income and consumption levels for work time reduction,,ubi,1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini,decreases income inequality; negative impact on environmental outcomes,sustains aggregate demand,-1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0 +Chao2022,"Chao, C.-C., Ee, M. S., Nguyen, X., & Yu, E. S. H.",2022,"Minimum wage, firm dynamics, and wage inequality: Theory and evidence",International Journal Of Economic Theory,https://doi.org/10.1111/ijet.12307,article,economics,global,2005-2015,,,formal workers,"WB Doing Business Survey, WDI, ILOSTAT",simulation,dual economy general-equilibrium model,43.0,country,national,1.0,Harris & Todaro rural-urban migration model,"decreasing inequality through increased rural agricultural capital, while reasonable, has to be a prior assumption; short-term firm exit has to be omitted",,minimum wage,1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,"short-term reduction of skilled-unskilled wage gap but increased unemployment, decreased welfare; long-term increased wage equality and improved social welfare",firm exit from urban manufacturing increases capital to rural agricultural sector,-1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0 +Carstens2018,"Carstens, C., & Massatti, R.",2018,Predictors of labor force status in a random sample of consumers with serious mental illness,Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-018-9597-8,article,health services,United States,2014-2015,1.0,explicit,mentally ill,survey data,observational,multinomial logistic regression model,917.0,individual,national,0.0,human capital theory; strength-based therapy,"small sample due to low response rate; over-representation of women, older persons, racial minorities","employment motivators captured as increased responsibility and problem-solving, stress management, reduced depression and anxiety; employment barriers",subsidy (health care),1,1,0,disability,1.0,1.0,employment probability,LFP significantly increased for employment incentives; significantly reduced for employment barriers and Medicaid ABD programme participation; marginally reduced for,Medicaid ABD generates benefits trap of disability determination,-1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0 +Broadway2020,"Broadway, B., Kalb, G., McVicar, D., & Martin, B.",2020,The Impact of Paid Parental Leave on Labor Supply and Employment Outcomes in Australia,Feminist Economics,https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2020.1718175,article,economics,Australia,2009-2012,14.0,explicit,working mothers,"national administrative surveys Baseline Mothers Survey (BaMS), Family and Work Cohort Study (FaWCS)",quasi-experimental,propensity score matching,5000.0,individuals,"national, census",1.0,,can not account for child-care costs; can not fully exclude selection bias into motherhood; potential (down-ward) bias through pre-birth labor supply effects/financial crisis,child-care costs may have additional dampening effect on rtw,paid leave (childcare),1,1,0,gender; income,1.0,0.0,employment (rtw),short-term (<6months) decrease of rtw; long-term (>6-9months) significant positive impact on returning to work in same job under same conditions; greatest response from disadvantaged mothers,supplants previous employer-funded leave which often did not exist for disadvantaged mothers; reduction in opportunity cost of delaying rtw,1.0,2.0,5.0,3.5 +Blumenberg2014,"Blumenberg, E., & Pierce, G.",2014,A Driving Factor in Mobility? Transportation’s Role in Connecting Subsidized Housing and Employment Outcomes in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) Program,Journal of the American Planning Association,https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.935267,article,development,United States,1994-2001,84.0,implicit,poor women,baseline and follow-up survey;,experimental,RCT; multinomial regression model,3199.0,household,"subnational, metropolitan",1.0,,"low levels of explanatory power for individual model outcomes, esp for disadvantaged population groups; possible endogeneity bias through unobserved factors (e.g. human capital); binary distinction automobile access, not graduated",98% of sample is female,subsidy (housing mobility),0,1,0,spatial; gender; ethnicity,1.0,1.0,employment rate,"no relationship between subsidy and employment outcomes; increased employment probability for people living in high transit areas, but no increased job gain for moving to high transit area itself",high transit area employment paradox may be due to inherent difficulty of connecting household to opportunity in dispersed labor market just via access to transit,0.0,0.0,3.0,5.0 +Blumenberg2014,"Blumenberg, E., & Pierce, G.",2014,A Driving Factor in Mobility? Transportation’s Role in Connecting Subsidized Housing and Employment Outcomes in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) Program,Journal of the American Planning Association,https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.935267,article,development,United States,1994-2001,84.0,implicit,poor women,baseline and follow-up survey;,experimental,RCT; multinomial regression model,3199.0,household,"subnational, metropolitan",1.0,,"low levels of explanatory power for individual model outcomes, esp for disadvantaged population groups; possible endogeneity bias through unobserved factors (e.g. human capital); binary distinction automobile access, not graduated",98% of sample is female,infrastructure (transport),0,1,0,spatial; gender; ethnicity,1.0,1.0,employment rate,increased employment probability for car ownership,better transport mobility to access wider job opportunity network,1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0 +Bartha2020,"Bartha, A., & Zentai, V.",2020,Long-term care and gender equality: Fuzzy-set ideal types of care regimes in europe,"Social inclusion (vol. 8, issue 4, pp. 92–102)",https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i4.2956,article,sociology,global,2016-2019,1.0,implicit,women,European Commission; Eurofound; Mutual Information System on Social Protection; European Institute for Gender Equality,observational,fuzzy-set ideal type ranking,28.0,country,regional,0.0,familialization in LTC,scarce comparable data; ideal-types follow prior assumptions potentially restricting view,"relying on migrant work is often poorly regulated, low paid and in turn may have negative consequences on gender equality in migrant communities/home countries","social security (pensions, care facilities); regulation (LTC-reforms, fiscal policies)",1,1,0,gender; age,1.0,1.0,full-time equivalent employment rate gap between men and women,"few countries fit an ideal-type household of male bread-winner (traditional), unsupported/supported double-earner; supported double-earner type mostly prevalent in Western Europe/Scandinavian countries, Southern/Eastern Europe predominantly unsupported double-earner; women will take on more unpaid care work in that model",in-home care facilitated by rising migrant cash-for-care work sectors may increase FLFP,-1.0,0.0,4.0,0.0 +Bailey2012,"Bailey, M. J., Hershbein, B., & Miller, A. R.",2012,The Opt-In Revolution? Contraception and the Gender Gap in Wages,Economic journal: applied economics,https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.225,article,economics,United States,1968-1989,,implicit,young women,longitudinal administrative National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women (NLS-YW),quasi-experimental,linear regression models; OLS; Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with recentered influence function (RIF) procedure,5159.0,individual,national,0.0,,dataset does not capture access to contraception beyond age 20 and social multiplier effects (e.g. changed hiring/promotion patterns),,technological change (contraception),0,1,0,gender; income,1.0,1.0,hourly wage distribution (gendered),"early legal access to contraceptives ('the pill') influenced decrease in gender gap by 10% in 1980s, 30% in 1990s; estimates 1/3rd of total female wage gains induced by access 1980s-1990s","increased labor market experience (due to not exiting early); greater educational attainment, occupational upgrading; spurred personal investment in human capital and careers",-1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0 +Adams2015,"Adams, S., & Atsu, F.",2015,Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries,Journal of Policy Modeling,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.08.003,article,economics,global,1970-2012,,implicit,developing countries,panel data,quasi-experimental,"system general method of moments, fixed effects, OLS; using Gini coefficient",72.0,country,regional,0.0,,macro-level observations subsumed under region-level scale only,"LM regulations defined as hiring/firing, minimum wage, severance pay; business reg. bureaucracy costs, business starting costs, licensing and compliance costs; credit market oversight of banks, private sector credit, interest rate controls",trade liberalization (FDI),1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,FDI unlikely to generate equity-oriented welfare effects; trade openness not significantly related,wrong targeting incentive structure for FDI,1.0,2.0,4.0,4.0 +Adams2015,"Adams, S., & Atsu, F.",2015,Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries,Journal of Policy Modeling,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.08.003,article,economics,global,1970-2012,,implicit,developing countries,panel data,quasi-experimental,"system general method of moments, fixed effects, OLS; using Gini coefficient",72.0,country,regional,0.0,,macro-level observations subsumed under region-level scale only,"LM regulations defined as hiring/firing, minimum wage, severance pay; business reg. bureaucracy costs, business starting costs, licensing and compliance costs; credit market oversight of banks, private sector credit, interest rate controls",regulation (labour),1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,labour regulations and business regulations negatively related to equitable income distribution while credit market regulation has no effect in income distribution; FDI unlikely to generate equity-oriented welfare effects; trade openness not significantly related,regulatory policies often lack institutional capability to optimize for benefits; policies require specific targeting of inequality reduction,1.0,2.0,4.0,4.0 +Adams2015,"Adams, S., & Atsu, F.",2015,Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries,Journal of Policy Modeling,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.08.003,article,economics,global,1970-2012,,implicit,developing countries,panel data,quasi-experimental,"system general method of moments, fixed effects, OLS; using Gini coefficient",72.0,country,regional,0.0,,macro-level observations subsumed under region-level scale only,"LM regulations defined as hiring/firing, minimum wage, severance pay; business reg. bureaucracy costs, business starting costs, licensing and compliance costs; credit market oversight of banks, private sector credit, interest rate controls",education (school enrolment),1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,school enrolment positively related to equitable income distribution,capacity-building for public administration practitioners; more context-adapted policies generated,-1.0,2.0,4.0,4.0 +Alinaghi2020,"Alinaghi, N., Creedy, J., & Gemmell, N.",2020,The redistributive effects of a minimum wage increase in New Zealand: A microsimulation analysis,Australian Economic Review,https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12381,article,economics,New Zealand,2012-2013,,implicit,,New Zealand Household Economic Survey (HES),simulation,microsimulation model; uses Atkinson index,3500.0,individual,national,0.0,,"large sample weights may bias specific groups, e.g. sole parents",,minimum wage,1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Atkinson index,"small impact on inequality of income signals bad programme targeting; significant reduction in poverty measures for sole parents already in employment only, but insignificant for sole parents overall",many low-wage earners are secondary earners in higher income households; low-wage households often have no wage earners at all,-1.0,0.0,4.0,0.0 +Sotomayor2021,"Sotomayor, Orlando J.",2021,Can the minimum wage reduce poverty and inequality in the developing world? Evidence from Brazil,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105182,article,economics,Brazil,1995-2015,12.0,implicit,workers,national administrative surveys Monthly Employment survey (PME),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference estimator,40000.0,household,"national, census",1.0,,"survey data limited to per dwelling, can not account for inhabitants moving",,minimum wage,1,0,0,income,0.0,0.0,poverty,within three months of minimum wage increases poverty declined by 2.8%,,-1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0 +Sotomayor2021,"Sotomayor, Orlando J.",2021,Can the minimum wage reduce poverty and inequality in the developing world? Evidence from Brazil,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105182,article,economics,Brazil,1995-2015,12.0,implicit,workers,national administrative surveys Monthly Employment survey (PME),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference estimator,40000.0,household,"national, census",1.0,,"survey data limited to per dwelling, can not account for inhabitants moving",,minimum wage,1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,inequality declined by 2.4%; decreasing impact over time; diminishing returns when minimum is high relative to median earnings,unemployment costs (job losses) overwhelmed by benefits (higher wages); but inelastic relationship of increase and changes in poverty,-1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0 +Al-Mamun2014,"Al-Mamun, A., Wahab, S. A., Mazumder, M. N. H., & Su, Z.",2014,Empirical Investigation on the Impact of Microcredit on Women Empowerment in Urban Peninsular Malaysia,Journal of Developing Areas,https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2014.0030,article,development,Malaysia,2011,2.0,implicit,women,structured face-to-face interviews,quasi-experimental,"cross-sectional stratified random sampling; OLS, multiple regression analysis",242.0,individual,"subnational, urban",1.0,"household economic portfolio model (Chen & Dunn, 1996)",can not establish full experimental design,,microcredit; training,0,0,1,gender; income,1.0,0.0,empowerment index (personal savings; personal income; asset ownership),increase in household decision-making for women; increase in economic security for women; constrained by inability for individuals to obtain loans,individual access to finance; collective agency increase through meetings and training,1.0,2.0,3.0,2.0 +Ahumada2023,"Ahumada, P. P.",2023,"Trade union strength, business power, and labor policy reform: The cases of Argentina and Chile in comparative perspective",International Journal of Comparative Sociology,https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231163846,article,sociology,global,2009-2017,,,,time-series cross-sectional database for collective labour rights and class power disparity,quasi-experimental,OLS; Arellano estimator,78.0,country,regional,0.0,power resource theory,limited 2-observation dataset per country; potential remaining measurement bias due to concurrent shocks,,collective action (unionization),1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining (FACB) and violation index coding,more unequal political power distribution hinders processes of collective organisation,,,,4.0,2.0 +Cardinaleschi2019,"Cardinaleschi, S., De Santis, S., & Schenkel, M.",2019,Effects of decentralised bargaining on gender inequality: Italy,Panoeconomicus,https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1903325C,article,economics,Italy,2014,,,,Linked Employer Employees Data from Structure of Earnings Survey,quasi-experimental,OLS; Oaxaca-Blinder & Juhn-Murphy-Pierce decompositions,,firm,national; census,0.0,gender endowment discrimination; glass ceiling wage-setting institutions,Only a short-term decomposition of mostly cross-sectional dataset,,collective action (collective bargaining),1,1,0,gender; income,1.0,1.0,income shares,collective negotiation practices address gender gap marginally significantly; need to be supplemented by policies considering human-capital aspects,occupational segregation into feminized industries,1.0,1.0,5.0,2.0 +Coutinho2006,"Coutinho, M. J., Oswald, D. P., & Best, A. M.",2006,Differences in Outcomes for Female and Male Students in Special Education,Career Development for Exceptional Individuals,https://doi.org/10.1177/08857288060290010401,article,education,United States,1972-1994,72.0,implicit,young women with disabilities,National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS-88),quasi-experimental,OLS; linear and two-step multinomial logistic regression,13391.0,individual,national,0.0,,sample does not include students with more severe impairments due to requirement of self-reporting; selection based on parent-reporting may introduce bias,more men than women in skilled/technical positions across all groups,education (special needs),0,1,0,disability; gender; income; age,1.0,0.0,"female employment ratio, female income ratio","females with disabilities less likely to be employed, and earned less than males with disability; females less likely to obtain high school diploma; more likely to be biological parent","men employed more months, more hours per week than women; largest income difference in special education and low achievers",-1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0 +Dieckhoff2015,"Dieckhoff, M., Gash, V., & Steiber, N.",2015,Measuring the effect of institutional change on gender inequality in the labour market,Research in Social Stratification and Mobility,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2014.12.001,article,sociology,Austria; Belgium; Czechia; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Slovakia; Spain; Sweden; and the UK,1992-2007,192.0,,,"repeat cross-sectional data, national survey dataset European Labour Force Survey",quasi-experimental,"two-step multilevel modelling; OLS; multinomial logistic regression, fixed effects approach",18.0,country,national,1.0,,averaged across national contexts may obscure specific insights,PRELIMINARY EXTRACTION; EXTRACTION OF DEREGULATION OF TEMPORARY CONTRACTS; FAMILY POLICIES,collective action (unionization),0,1,0,gender,,,employment,men and women increased standard employment contracts with increased unionization; female employment does not decrease,increased standard employment contract probability,1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0 +Ferguson2015,"Ferguson, J.-P.",2015,The control of managerial discretion: Evidence from unionization’s impact on employment segregation,American Journal of Sociology,https://doi.org/10.1086/683357,article,sociology,United States,1984-2010,,implicit,women workers,"AFL-CIO, NLRB datasets, amended with Current Population Survey",quasi-experimental,regression-discontinuity RD test,50000.0,individual,national,1.0,,most of effects may be caused by unsobservables,,collective action (unionization),0,1,1,gender; ethnicity,1.0,0.0,employment,"stronger unionization associated with more women and minorities in management, but only marginally significant",possible self-selection into unionization,1.0,1.0,4.0,4.5 +Mukhopadhaya2003,"Mukhopadhaya, P.",2003,Trends in income disparity and equality enhancing (?) education policies in the development stages of Singapore,International Journal of Educational Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-0593(01)00051-7,article,education,Singapore,1980-1995,,,,"Census Reports, Yearbook of Statistics Snagopre",observational,regressions with multivariate decomposition,,,"national, census",0.0,,higher education institutional context may make generalizability outside Singapore harder,only contains labour market ancillary outcomes but strong arguments for generational inequalities; PRELIMINARY EXTRACTION,education,0,1,0,migration; generational; income; ethnicity,1.0,1.0,Gini coeff; Theil index; relative mean income,non-uniform representation of academic abilities across parental education backgrounds; education interventions may exacerbate income inequality through bad targeting,primary income inequality for migrants through between-occupational inequality; advantaged income brackets also advantaged in educative achievement brackets; system of financing higher education in Singapore further disadvantages poorer households,1.0,2.0,5.0,0.0 +Shin2006,"Shin, J., & Moon, S.",2006,"Fertility, relative wages, and labor market decisions: A case of female teachers",Economics of Education Review,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.06.004,article,economics,United States,1968-1988,,implicit,female teachers,National Longitudinal Survey of the Young Women,quasi-experimental,fixed effects panel regressions; panel probit estimation,2712.0,individual,national,0.0,,"looks at strictly female sample, can not account for changes relative to men",,education; regulation (relative wage-setting),1,1,0,gender,1.0,1.0,employment (FLFP rate),"higher relative wages significantly increase FLFP for female teachers; presence of new-born baby significantly decreases FLFP, significantly more than non-teachers; does not have effect on teacher/non-teacher selection",most relevant determinant for FLFP as teacher is college major in education; education level significant determinant; higher baby-exit effect may be due to relatively temporary lower wage loss for teachers,1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0 +Alexiou2023,"Alexiou, C., & Trachanas, E.",2023,The impact of trade unions and government party orientation on income inequality: Evidence from 17 OECD economies,Journal of Economic Studies,https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-12-2021-0612,article,economics,Australia; Austria; Belgium; Canada; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Italy; Japan; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Spain; Sweden; United Kingdom; United States,2000-2016,,,,Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) OECD panel data,quasi-experimental,"panel fixed effects approach, Driscoll and Kraay non-parametric covariance matrix estimator",18.0,country,regional,1.0,power resources theory,"can not account for individual drivers such as collective bargaining, arbitration, etc",,collective action (trade unionization),1,1,0,income; gender,0.0,1.0,"Gini coeff (equivalized household disposable income, market income, manufacturing pay)",unionization strongly related with decreasing income inequality; right-wing institutional contexts related with increased income inequality,redistribution of political power under unions; weak unionization increases post-redistribution inequality,-1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0 +Mun2018,"Mun, E., & Jung, J.",2018,"Policy generosity, employer heterogeneity, and women’s employment opportunities: The welfare state paradox reexamined",American Sociological Review,https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418772857,article,sociology,Japan,1992-2009,84.0,explicit,working mothers,Japan Company Handbook for Job Searchers,quasi-experimental,potential outcomes framework; fixed-effects analysis,600.0,enterprise,national,0.0,welfare state paradox (over-representation of women in low-authority jobs in progressive welfare states),limited generalizability with unique Japanese LM institutional features; limited ability to explain voluntary effects as lasting or as symbolic compliance and impression management,,paid leave (childcare),1,0,0,gender,1.0,0.0,job quality,"no change for promotions for firms not previously providing leave, positive promotion impact for firms already providing leave; incentive-based policies may lead to larger effects",voluntary compliance to maintain positive reputations,1.0,1.0,4.0,2.0 +Mun2018,"Mun, E., & Jung, J.",2018,"Policy generosity, employer heterogeneity, and women’s employment opportunities: The welfare state paradox reexamined",American Sociological Review,https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418772857,article,sociology,Japan,1992-2009,84.0,explicit,working mothers,Japan Company Handbook for Job Searchers,quasi-experimental,potential outcomes framework; fixed-effects analysis,600.0,enterprise,national,0.0,welfare state paradox (over-representation of women in low-authority jobs in progressive welfare states),limited generalizability with unique Japanese LM institutional features; limited ability to explain voluntary effects as lasting or as symbolic compliance and impression management,,paid leave (childcare),1,0,0,gender,1.0,0.0,employment,no increase in hiring discrimination against women reflected as decreased employment probability,decreases may be due to supply-side mechanisms based on individual career planning and reinforced existing gender division of household labour,0.0,0.0,4.0,2.0 +Thoresen2021,"Thoresen, S. H., Cocks, E., & Parsons, R.",2021,Three year longitudinal study of graduate employment outcomes for Australian apprentices and trainees with and without disabilities,International journal of disability development and education,https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1699648,article,education,Australia,2011-204,36.0,explicit,disabled,experimental survey,quasi-experimental,"quantitative survey (n=489); qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews (n=30); annual postal survey, baseline and 2 follow-ups; generalised estimating equation GEE",489.0,individual,local,0.0,,"non-representative sample, over-representation of learning disability; limited generalisability through sample LFP bias and attrition bias; small control sample size",Disaggregated results for female participants overall more unequal,training,0,1,1,disability; income,1.0,0.0,hours worked,"slightly lower for disabled group initially, increase to no significant difference with non-disabled group at last survey",significant but small overall increase (3.1 hours to 1 hour difference); fluctuations for non-disability group,1.0,2.0,2.0,4.0 +Thoresen2021,"Thoresen, S. H., Cocks, E., & Parsons, R.",2021,Three year longitudinal study of graduate employment outcomes for Australian apprentices and trainees with and without disabilities,International journal of disability development and education,https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1699648,article,education,Australia,2011-204,36.0,explicit,disabled,experimental survey,quasi-experimental,"quantitative survey (n=489); qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews (n=30); annual postal survey, baseline and 2 follow-ups; generalised estimating equation GEE",489.0,individual,local,0.0,,"non-representative sample, over-representation of learning disability; limited generalisability through sample LFP bias and attrition bias; small control sample size",Disaggregated results for female participants overall more unequal,training,0,1,1,disability; income,1.0,0.0,hourly/weekly income,wages of disability group substantially lower than non-disability; increases to be non-significant over time; lower for female and disability-pension recipient groups,strong initial diff means disability group potentially more often initially employed at junior rates or skewed through attrition bias,1.0,2.0,2.0,4.0 +Wang2016,"Wang, J., & Van Vliet, O.",2016,"Social Assistance and Minimum Income Benefits: Benefit Levels, Replacement Rates and Policies Across 26 Oecd Countries, 1990-2009",European Journal of Social Security,https://doi.org/10.1177/138826271601800401,article,economics,global,1990-2009,,implicit,low-income,"World Bank CPI indicators & Penn World Table; Social Assistance and Minimum Income Protection Dataset (Nelson, 2013)",observational,cross-country comparative analysis,26.0,country,regional,0.0,,some effects may stem from exchange rate/PPP changes instead,due to data availability indicator for real minimum benefits and replacement rates could be constructed for 26 OECD countries,direct transfers (social assistance),1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,real wage; replacement rate,"real benefit levels increased in most countries, benefit levels increasing more than consumer prices; income replacement rates mixed outcomes with decreases in some countries where real benefit levels increased",bulk of increases comes from deliberate policy changes; but benefit levels not linked to wages and policy changes not taking into account changes in wages,1.0,,4.0,0.0 +Wang2020,"Wang, C., Deng, M., & Deng, J.",2020,Factor reallocation and structural transformation implications of grain subsidies in China,Journal of Asian Economics,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101248,article,economics,China,2007-2016,108.0,implicit,rural workers,TERMCN-Land database; Chinese Input-Output Table 2007,simulation,historical and TERMCN-Land structural simulation model,,sector,,0.0,,aggregate national employment exogenous to model; strong correlation to Chinese economic characteristics makes generalisability difficult,,subsidy (firm-level),0,1,0,income; spatial,1.0,1.0,income ratio,the rural-urban income inequality is exacerbated if grain subsidies are removed; over the long term this increase attenuates but income ratio remains decreased for rural labour,"displacement of rural unskilled labour; unskilled labour supply increase, labour difficult to absorb into manufacturing/service sectors; low income/price elasticity for agr. products lower rural income",1.0,2.0,0.0,0.0 + diff --git a/final_document/journal_article/paper_WIP_MO.docx b/final_document/journal_article/paper_WIP_MO.docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43e4735 Binary files /dev/null and b/final_document/journal_article/paper_WIP_MO.docx differ diff --git a/final_document/journal_article/scoping_review(5).docx b/final_document/journal_article/scoping_review(5).docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b97cc7 Binary files /dev/null and b/final_document/journal_article/scoping_review(5).docx differ diff --git a/05-final_paper/meeting_eoy.docx b/final_document/meeting_eoy.docx similarity index 100% rename from 05-final_paper/meeting_eoy.docx rename to final_document/meeting_eoy.docx diff --git a/05-final_paper/meeting_eoy.html b/final_document/meeting_eoy.html similarity index 99% rename from 05-final_paper/meeting_eoy.html rename to final_document/meeting_eoy.html index 8cd52b7..9460b9f 100644 --- a/05-final_paper/meeting_eoy.html +++ b/final_document/meeting_eoy.html @@ -3757,7 +3757,7 @@ window.document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) { });