diff --git a/03-supplementary_data/lib.bib b/03-supplementary_data/lib.bib index 56bfbe5..0e75467 100644 --- a/03-supplementary_data/lib.bib +++ b/03-supplementary_data/lib.bib @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ doi = {10.1111/j.0950-0804.2004.00225.x}, abstract = {This paper studies the links between macroeconomic adjustment and poverty. The first part summarizes some of the recent evidence on poverty in the developing world. The second reviews the various channels through which macroeconomic policies affect the poor, whereas the third is devoted to the specific role of the labor market. It presents an analytical framework that captures some of the main features of the urban labor market in developing countries and studies the effects of fiscal adjustment on wages, employment, and poverty. The fourth part presents cross-country regressions linking various macroeconomic and structural variables to poverty. Higher levels and growth rates of per capita income, higher rates of real exchange rate depreciation, better health conditions, and a greater degree of commercial openness lower poverty, whereas inflation, greater income inequality, and macroeconomic volatility tend to increase it. Moreover, the impact of growth on poverty appears to be asymmetric; it seems to result from a significant relationship between episodes of increasing poverty and negative growth rates.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/R88I2N34/Agenor_2004_Macroeconomic adjustment and the poor.pdf} } @@ -2285,7 +2285,7 @@ doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2022.08.012}, abstract = {This paper compiles a systematic review of research papers that identify the effect of international trade and trade liberalization policies on socio-economic targets linked to the sustainable development goals (SDGs). A comprehensive overview of the existing literature is provided, focusing on papers that identify causality and cov-ering topics that have not been systematically analyzed previously. While existing literature reviews have fo-cused on the effects of trade openness on economic growth, its consequences for other social-and sustainable -related goals have received much less attention. We restrict the review to social-and sustainability-related SDGs and classify the empirical findings in four categories. First, we analyze the extent to which trade affects pov-erty (SDGs-1, 2, 8). The findings indicate that trade increases average incomes in most cases and that trade re-forms that include the agricultural sector generally reduce poverty. Second, we examine labor market outcomes and analyze how international trade affects wages, unemployment, and informality (SDGs-1, 5, 8). We find that with more trade, employment and wages increase in the most dynamic sectors, but decrease in others with increases in informality in some developing countries. The third bloc documents papers that evaluate whether trade is good or bad for environmental quality, evaluating how trade reforms and increases in openness affect the environment at the macro and micro level (SDGs-3, 7, 11, 12, 15). The reviewed research indicates that the effects of trade on environmental quality are complex and depend on the sectors that liberalize and the ex-istence of environmental standards linked to trade agreements. The fourth category concerns the effect of trade flows on food security, hence questioning whether opening the economies could contribute to better per-formance in SDG-2 and SDG-9. In this area, the literature is still incipient and deals mainly with correlations. More research is needed to better define the concept of food security and related indicators and to collect better data. In summary, this systematic review should guide policymakers in developing countries in the decision-making pro-cess related to trade and industrial policies. The main recommendation is to consider the main findings when de-signing new trade policy strategies concerning both unilateral trade liberalization and free trade agreements negotiations.(c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,out::abstract,review::systematic} + keywords = {out::abstract,review::systematic} } @article{Barsoum2019, @@ -5454,7 +5454,7 @@ doi = {10.1111/jmwh.13243}, abstract = {Introduction Returning to paid employment is one of the reasons women stop breastfeeding earlier than they planned to. This systematic review aimed to provide insight into the experiences and views of women and employers on breastfeeding and returning to paid employment, with findings used to inform practice and policy. Methods The review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published in English. JBI's meta-aggregative approach informed data analysis. The studies in this analysis included women who stopped breastfeeding before, and those who continued breastfeeding after, returning to paid employment and the employers, work managers, or supervisors of women who continued breastfeeding after returning to paid employment. Results Twenty-six articles presenting findings from 25 studies were included and critically appraised. Synthesized findings showed that women experienced physical and emotional difficulties and described gender and employment inequalities in accessing and receiving the support they needed. Women reported that the importance of their own motivation and having workplace legislation in place facilitated breastfeeding during employment. Support from employers, colleagues, and family members, as well as access to convenient child care, helped women continue breastfeeding on return to paid employment. Employers' personal experiences influenced their views on breastfeeding and working, and the need for more education and communication between employers and employers on breastfeeding in the workplace was recognized. Discussion Support from family, work colleagues, and employers was important to reduce the physical and emotional challenges women experienced when combing breastfeeding with return to paid employment. Gender inequalities, especially in low- and middle-income countries, in accessing support exacerbated the difficulties women experienced. Limited data were identified regarding employers' experiences and views, suggesting an urgent need for further research to explore employers' and work colleagues' experiences and views.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::gender,integrated,outcome::health,outcome::rtw,review::qualitative,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::gender,integrated,outcome::health,outcome::rtw,review::qualitative,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/NNBJSYFS/Chang et al_2021_Women's and Employers' Experiences and Views of Combining Breastfeeding with a.pdf} } @@ -5597,7 +5597,7 @@ doi = {10.1007/s12571-021-01171-x}, abstract = {Mounting concerns over food insecurity have emerged as a key agenda in many recent global development dialogues, on accounts of observed and expected health outcomes. The present study attempts a reflective summary around a yet little-explored aspect of food insecurity: health and social ramifications of coping behaviours (adaptive strategies to improve food availability, accessibility, utilisation, and stability), with specific emphasis on women and children. We conducted a systematic literature with different search engines and databases to identify a diversity of recent journal articles, reports, working papers, white papers, proceedings, dissertations, newspaper articles, book chapters, and grey literature, published in the post-2000s period. We thus identified two broad generic categories in the relevant global literature: coping behaviours that are (a) non-food (livelihood alterations) and (2) food-based. For women, the former includes outdoor employment, selling asset bases, borrowing food and/or money, and purchasing food on credit. Food-based coping strategies included reduced daily meal portion sizes and reducing the frequency of food uptake or skipping meals altogether (i.e., Food Rationing); nutritional switch (i.e., Food Stretching); and Food Sharing. Coping behaviours involving children primarily include dropping out of school, begging, stealing, and Food Seeking (i.e., eating outside home, with relatives or friends, or at charitable institutions). The likely health outcomes included stunting and wasting, disrupted socio-cognitive development among children. A subsidiary idea to conduct this study was to offer the concerned authorities an insight into the breadth of coping behaviours, so as to help them anticipate targeted and gender-responsive interventions on a priori basis. We offer a discourse on what we refer to as time poverty, especially for farm women, resulting from obligatory outdoor employment, mostly as farm labourers to highlight a social paradox: women provide massive contributions in the translation of high value goods and services of a vibrant global agricultural system, and yet are among the first victims of food insecurity themselves. This situation contradicts a number of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and aggravates gender disparity. In final section we appeal for more targeted, evidence-based research to establish direct causal linkages between food insecurity and coping behaviours, distinguishing them from life-as-usual scenarios. To that end, we present a brief critique on Coping Strategy Index (CSI) -a widely used tool to evaluate severity of coping behaviours.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::poverty,integrated,outcome::educational,outcome::job\_quality,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::poverty,integrated,outcome::educational,outcome::job\_quality,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/DA48J8QM/Chaudhuri et al_2021_Coping Behaviours and the concept of Time Poverty.pdf} } @@ -6418,7 +6418,7 @@ doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-11-170}, abstract = {Background: Employment rates of long-term ill and disabled people in the UK are low and 2.63 million are on disability-related state benefits. Since the mid-1990 s, UK governments have experimented with a range of active labour market policies aimed to move disabled people off benefits and into work to reduce the risk of poverty and social exclusion. This systematic review asks what employment impact have these interventions had and how might they work better? Methods: A systematic review of observational and qualitative empirical studies and systematic reviews published between 2002 and mid-2008 reporting employment effects and/or process evaluations of national UK government interventions focused on helping long-term sick or disabled people (aged 16-64) into the open labour market. This built on our previous systematic review which covered the years 1970 to 2001. Results: Searches identified 42 studies, 31 of which evaluated initiatives with an individual focus (improving an individual's employability or providing financial support in returning to work) while 11 evaluated initiatives with an environmental focus (directed at the employment environment or changing the behaviour of employers). This paper synthesises evidence from the 31 studies with an individual focus. The use of personal advisors and individual case management in these schemes helped some participants back to work. Qualitative studies, however, revealed that time pressures and job outcome targets influenced advisors to select \textbackslash textasciigraveeasier-to-place' claimants into programmes and also inhibited the development of mutual trust, which was needed for individual case management to work effectively. Financial incentives can help with lasting transitions into work, but the incentives were often set too low or were too short-term to have an effect. Many of the studies suffered from selection bias into these programmes of more work-ready claimants. Even though these were national programmes, they had very low awareness and take-up rates, making it unlikely that a population-level impact would be achieved even if effective for participants. Conclusions: The evidence reveals barriers and facilitators for the effective implementation of these types of interventions that could inform the continuing welfare reforms. The evidence points towards the need for more long-term, sustained and staged support for those furthest from the labour market.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/E7LJBKAR/Clayton et al_2011_Assembling the evidence jigsaw.pdf} } @@ -6639,7 +6639,7 @@ doi = {10.1176/appi.ps.57.10.1391}, abstract = {A major public policy problem is the extremely low labor force participation of people with severe mental illness coupled with their overrepresentation on the public disability rolls. This situation is especially troubling given the existence of evidence-based practices designed to return them to the labor force. This article reviews research from the fields of disability, economics, health care, and labor studies to describe the nature of barriers to paid work and economic security for people with disabling mental disorders. These barriers include low educational attainment, unfavorable labor market dynamics, low productivity, lack of appropriate vocational and clinical services, labor force discrimination, failure of protective legislation, work disincentives caused by state and federal policies, poverty-level income, linkage of health care access to disability beneficiary status, and ineffective work incentive programs. The article concludes with a discussion of current policy initiatives in health care, mental health, and disability. Recommendations for a comprehensive system of services and supports to address multiple barriers are presented. These include access to affordable health care, including mental health treatment and prescription drug coverage; integrated clinical and vocational services; safe and stable housing that is not threatened by changes in earned income; remedial and post-secondary education and vocational training; benefits counseling and financial literacy education; economic security through asset development; legal aid for dealing with employment discrimination; peer support and self-help to enhance vocational self-image and encourage labor force attachment; and active involvement of U.S. business and employer communities.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ESPFHGCM/Cook_2006_Employment barriers for persons with psychiatric disabilities.pdf} } @@ -6699,7 +6699,7 @@ doi = {10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.241}, abstract = {The new welfare system mandates participation in work activity. We review the evolution of the 1996 legislation and how states implement welfare reform. We examine evidence on recipients' employment, well-being, and future earnings potential. to assess the role of welfare in women's work. Policies rewarding work and penalizing nonwork, such as sanctions, time limits, diversion, and earnings \textbackslash textasciigrave\textbackslash textasciigravedisregards,\textbackslash lbrace''\textbackslash rbrace vary across states. While caseloads felt and employment rose, most women who left welfare work in low-wage jobs without benefits. Large minorities report material hardships and face barriers to work including depression, low skills, or no transportation. And disposable income decreased among the poorest female-headed families. Among the important challenges for future research is to differentiate between the effects of welfare reform, the economy, and other policies on women's work, and to assess how variations in state welfare programs affect caseloads and employment outcomes of recipients.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ZJ4XXP85/Corcoran et al_2000_How welfare reform is affecting women's work.pdf} } @@ -7677,7 +7677,7 @@ doi = {10.3390/su12229459}, abstract = {The objective of this article is to determine, as conclusively as possible, if the implementation of a Universal Basic Income (UBI) would lead to a significant reduction in the working age population labour supply. If this were true, implementation of a UBI may not be sustainable. To do this, we will compile empirical evidence from studies over the last few decades on the effects of implementation of a UBI on employment. We apply the PRISMA methodology to better judge their validity, which ensures maximum reliability of the results by avoiding biases and making the work reproducible. Given that the methodologies used in these studies are diverse, they are reviewed to contextualize the results taking into account the possible limitations detected in these methodologies. While many authors have been writing about this issue citing experiences or experiments, the added value of this article is that it performs a systematic review following a widely tested scientific methodology. Over 1200 documents that discuss the UBI/employment relationship have been reviewed. We found a total of 50 empirical cases, of which 18 were selected, and 38 studies with contrasted empirical evidence on this relationship. The results speak for themselves: Despite a detailed search, we have not found any evidence of a significant reduction in labour supply. Instead, we found evidence that labour supply increases globally among adults, men and women, young and old, and the existence of some insignificant and functional reductions to the system such as a decrease in workers from the following categories: Children, the elderly, the sick, those with disabilities, women with young children to look after, or young people who continued studying. These reductions do not reduce the overall supply since it is largely offset by increased supply from other members of the community.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,integrated,intervention::basic\_income,outcome::labour\_supply,relevant,review::systematic}, + keywords = {integrated,intervention::basic\_income,outcome::labour\_supply,relevant,review::systematic}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QSDCV6EM/de Paz-Banez et al_2020_Is There Empirical Evidence on How the Implementation of a Universal Basic.pdf} } @@ -9672,7 +9672,7 @@ doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105313}, abstract = {This paper provides a narrative review of the literature that addresses the connection between women's reproductive health and women's economic activity. Women's reproductive health, gender equality and decent work, are all part of the Sustainable Development Goals and this review highlights how these Goals are interconnected. The review focuses on the relationship between fertility and women's work and provides a detailed discussion of the academic literature that identifies the causal effect of fertility on changes in female labor force participation. Fertility is captured by timing, spacing and number of chil-dren, and career advancement, job quality, and hours worked are addressed on the work side. The review contrasts the fertility-work nexus for low-, middle-and high-income countries separately, recognizing national income per capita as a moderator of the effect of fertility on female labor force participation. In low-income countries, where labor force participation is for the most part in the informal sector, women must adopt their own strategies for balancing child rearing and labor force participation, such as selection of job type, relying on other women in the household for childcare, and birth spacing to limit infants in their care. In middle-income countries, women juggle child rearing and labor force participation with the overarching issue of income inequality, and early childbearing and lone motherhood perpetuate poverty. For women in high-income countries, social protection policies can assist women in managing the balance of childrearing and work, but these policies do not address underlying issues of gender inequality. Despite these policies, career advancement is interrupted by childbearing. As the relationship between fertility and women's work varies by income per capita across countries, polices that support women in achieving balance in their desired family size and accessing decent work varies across countries. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::gender,integrated,review::narrative,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::gender,integrated,review::narrative,snowball\_source}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/7GFBLXCK/Finlay_2021_Women's reproductive health and economic activity.pdf} } @@ -9936,7 +9936,7 @@ doi = {10.1353/trn.2022.0010}, abstract = {Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) was conceived as a structural intervention to fundamentally reorganise the South African economy and address persistent economic inequalities. South Africa has the world's highest income inequality, and this is reflected by vast inequalities in salaries and wages both between high and low earners, but importantly between different race and gender groups. Despite a plethora of legislation aimed at addressing inequality in ownership (such as B-BBEE) and in the workplace (employment equity legislation), women and Black workers in South Africa continue to be paid less than men and white employees, even when doing the same work (the pay gap), and are more likely to work in precarious, low-paid jobs (occupational segregation). These factors are driven by differences in the characteristics of workers, and by structural discrimination in the economy. Conceptually, we can decompose structural discrimination into two forms - that which discriminates against people who do the same job, based on race and gender (the pay gap) - and that which discriminates indirectly by occupational segregation - blacks and women concentrated in low paying occupations. In this paper, we ask whether B-BBEE - while not explicitly a labour market intervention - has had any positive impact in reducing labour market inequalities. We review the literature on occupational segregation and the gender and race pay gaps in post-apartheid South Africa, and examine the various policy interventions, with a particular focus on B-BBEE, that have attempted to address this enduring problem.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review} + keywords = {review} } @article{Frank2019, @@ -11027,7 +11027,7 @@ doi = {10.1080/00346769600000001}, abstract = {An eclectic framework is developed to understand long-term and short-term patterns in worktime, and to explain labor market anomalies such as the downward inflexibility of the workweek and coexistence of underemployment and overemployment. Neoclassical labor demand and supply models focus narrowly on monetary cost and individual welfare consequences. Post-Keynesian, institutionalist, and radical political economy paradigms suggest work hours and institutions regulating its adjustment also reflect uncertainty, relative incomes, internal labor markets, custom, power, and effort-regulation. Work hours have three measurable dimensions-mean duration, variability, and dynamic flexibility. Employers seek \textbackslash textasciigrave'numerical flexibility,'' and households desire minimal conflict with non-worktime activities. If irreconciliable, length and allocation outcomes will be determined by relative bargaining power. Given evidence of imperfect sorting in labor markets according to hours preferences, and that flexible hour arrangements favorably affect productivity or personnel cost (an \textbackslash textasciigrave'efficiency hours'' hypothesis), innovative government policies are suggested which would induce firms to better synchronize their aims with diversifying employee preferences.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ZXN2CWR6/Golden_1996_The economics of worktime length, adjustment, and flexibility - A synthesis of.pdf} } @@ -11925,7 +11925,7 @@ doi = {10.1606/1044-3894.3659}, abstract = {This paper presents a conceptual approach to understanding how government and private employers shape the employment experiences of contemporary low-wage workers. After reviewing recent changes in employment conditions that have disproportionately affected poor working families, we present two perspectives on the structural vulnerability for low-wage workers: policy and organizational stratification. The stratification approach suggests that public policy and private workplace practices interact with workers' personal and family circumstances to shape the outcomes of low-wage employment. Applying these lenses to restaurant workers, we examine why and how some workers may be uniquely disadvantaged by emerging proposals to change minimum wage laws. Promising directions for intervention are also discussed.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/D9T7GRN9/Haley-Lock_Shah_2007_Protecting vulnerable workers.pdf} } @@ -12350,7 +12350,7 @@ doi = {10.1016/j.alter.2016.02.002}, abstract = {The aim of this scoping review is to explore previous scientific studies relating to the scholarly understanding of societal participation of people with disabilities. Six relevant databases within social science were searched using societal participation of people with disabilities, or different combinations thereof, as search words. The criteria for inclusion were: working-age people with disabilities; societal participation; accounting for facilitators or/and barriers of participation; geographical focus on or link to Europe, peer-reviewed studies using quantitative or qualitative methods published in English between January 2012 and December 2013. Thirty-two studies met these inclusion criteria. Each study was analysed relating to four measures: identity of the participator group, type of participation; type of facilitators; type of barriers. The findings show that there is a dominating focus on labour market participation and that societal participation was studied mostly concerning disabled people in general instead of any specific group. The main barriers identified were related to financial factors, attitudes, health issues and unemployment. The most frequently identified facilitators were related to legislation and disability policies, as well as to support from people in close contact with disabled people, attitudes in society and employment opportunities for people with disabilities. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Association ALTER.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::disability,integrated,outcome::employment,outcome::social,outcome::wage,relevant,review::scoping,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::disability,integrated,outcome::employment,outcome::social,outcome::wage,relevant,review::scoping,snowball\_source}, note = {scoping review of linkages between societal participation and people with disabilities for identity of participant, type of participation, type of facilitators and barriers; focus on European countries (n=32, between 2012-2013) \par main findings: strongest focus on labour market participation; social participation viewed through lens of disabled people as one group instead of intersectional @@ -12444,7 +12444,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c doi = {10.1177/0022185610397144}, abstract = {Collective bargaining has served as a cornerstone institution for democracy, a mechanism for increasing workers' incomes, improving working conditions and reducing inequality, a means for ensuring fair employment relations and a source of workplace innovation. However, the number of workers belonging to trade unions has declined in many countries and global economic integration has tipped bargaining power in favour of employers. This paper reviews recent trends and developments in respect of collective bargaining. It examines the evolution of collective bargaining institutions in different regions of the world. It highlights the manner in which collective bargaining structures have adapted to competitive pressures and the increasing coordination of bargaining practices both within and across borders. In a survey of collective bargaining agendas, the authors note the increasing diversity of issues on the bargaining agenda. They highlight particularly innovative practices in respect of the application of collective agreements to non-standard workers and the role that collective bargaining played in mitigating the effects of the recent economic crisis on workers and enterprises. They argue that the support of public policy is essential to promote and sustain collective bargaining. These developments and the ongoing challenges facing collective bargaining present a number of issues for future research.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/NXSRPQCJ/Hayter et al_2011_Collective Bargaining for the 21st Century.pdf} } @@ -14422,7 +14422,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c doi = {10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.12.001}, abstract = {Background: Young adulthood is an important transitional life phase that can determine a person's career trajectory. To date, little research has examined the influence of arthritis on early work experiences. Objectives: This literature review aims at examining the impact of arthritis on the early career phase of young adults and identifying the barriers to employment. Methods: Two independent reviewers searched bibliographic databases for arthritis conditions and a series of employment-related keywords and subject headings. Information on authors, publication year; study design, sample characteristics (e.g., number of participants, age, gender, arthritis type); work outcomes measured; and specific barriers to employment was recorded. Results: Nine studies were uncovered in the review. All studies examined young people with juvenile arthritis (9 of 9 studies) and consisted of sample sizes with less then 150 participants (6 of 9 studies) who were primarily recruited from clinics (7 of 9 studies). All were cross-sectional designs. Employment status was primarily examined and ranged from 11\textbackslash textbackslash\% to 71\textbackslash textbackslash\%. Although not always statistically significant, young adults with arthritis were less likely to be employed when compared to their healthy peers. Greater disease severity, less educational attainment and being female were related to not participating in paid work. Conclusion: This review brings to light the paucity of studies examining the early employment experiences of young adults with arthritis. There is a need to expand research to contribute to recommendations for sustained and productive employment across the working life course. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/NGAG6LJ9/Jetha_2015_The impact of arthritis on the early employment experiences of young adults.pdf} } @@ -14634,7 +14634,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0269435}, abstract = {Background Health policies in most high income countries increasingly recommend provision of routine outpatient care via remote (video and/or telephone) appointments, especially due to the pandemic. This is thought to improve access to care and promote efficiency within resource-constrained health services. There is limited evidence about the impact on existing inequalities in the invitation and uptake of health services when remote outpatient care is offered. Aim To systematically review the evidence on the offer and/or uptake of real-time remote outpatient consultations in secondary and tertiary care, assessed according to key sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Seven electronic bibliographic databases were searched for studies reporting the proportion of patients with key characteristics (following PROGRESS Plus criteria) who were offered and/or accepted real-time remote outpatient consultation for any chronic condition. Comparison groups included usual care (face-to-face), another intervention, or offer/uptake within a comparable time period. Study processes were undertaken in duplicate. Data are reported narratively. Results Twenty-nine studies were included. Uptake of video consultations ranged from 5\textbackslash textbackslash\% to 78\textbackslash textbackslash\% and telephone consultations from 12\textbackslash textbackslash\% to 78\textbackslash textbackslash\%. Patients aged over 65, with lower educational attainment, on lower household incomes and without English as a first language were least likely to have a remote consultation. Females were generally more likely to have remote consultations than males. Non-white ethnicities were less likely to use remote consultations but where they did, were significantly more likely to choose telephone over video appointments (p{$<$}0.001). Conclusions Offering remote consultations may perpetuate or exacerbate existing health inequalities in access to healthcare. More research is needed on current health disparities by sociodemographic characteristics and to explore what works well for different patient groups and why so that processes can be designed to ameliorate these health disparities.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,out::abstract,review}, + keywords = {out::abstract,review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/564VAI4E/Jones et al_2022_Real-time remote outpatient consultations in secondary and tertiary care.pdf} } @@ -14898,6 +14898,23 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c langid = {english} } +@article{Kalasa2021, + title = {Horizontal versus Vertical Inequalities: The Relative Significance of Geography versus Class in Mapping Subnational Fertility}, + shorttitle = {Horizontal versus Vertical Inequalities}, + author = {Kalasa, Benoit and {Eloundou-Enyegue}, Parfait and Giroux, Sarah C}, + year = {2021}, + month = jun, + journal = {The Lancet Global Health}, + volume = {9}, + number = {6}, + pages = {e730-e731}, + issn = {2214109X}, + doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00171-6}, + urldate = {2023-10-12}, + langid = {english}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/DFWWK3AV/Kalasa et al_2021_Horizontal versus vertical inequalities.pdf} +} + @article{Kalwij2013, title = {Pathways to {{Retirement}} and {{Mortality Risk}} in {{The Netherlands}}}, author = {Kalwij, Adriaan and Alessie, Rob and Knoef, Marike}, @@ -15726,7 +15743,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c doi = {10.1007/s10597-015-9936-7}, abstract = {Supported employment is an evidence-based practice with a well-established research base. Most studies track such outcomes as employment rates, time to employment and wages earned. Few studies address client and contextual factors that impact outcomes or consider program elements beyond those that comprise the individual placement and support model. This paper reviews existing literature to shed light on the following questions: (1) What impact do labour market trends have on the effectiveness of SE? (2) How lasting are the effects of SE and what factors influence longevity of SE effects? (3) What levels and types of employment are targeted by SE? (4) What are the characteristics of people who benefit from SE? (5) What is the role of peer support in SE? and (6) What are the barriers to effective SE implementation? Research findings are synthesized and suggestions for service enhancements are offered so that the model can continue to evolve.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::age,inequality::disability,inequality::gender,integrated,intervention::employment\_support,outcome::employment,outcome::job\_quality,relevant,review::narrative,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::age,inequality::disability,inequality::gender,integrated,intervention::employment\_support,outcome::employment,outcome::job\_quality,relevant,review::narrative,snowball\_source}, note = {review of factors influencing LM outcomes of supported employment interventions for people with disabilities \par main findings: @@ -16504,7 +16521,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.1108/WJEMSD-03-2017-0009}, abstract = {Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the themes of relationship between female labor force participation (FLFP) and economic growth, gender disparity in work participation; and to identify the factors which determine females to participate in labor market. The paper uses a framework incorporating a U-shaped relationship between FLFP and economic growth, gender wise wage disparity and economic, social, cultural and other factors which affects FLFP. Design/methodology/approach Thematically, the selected literature falls into three main categories: the relationship between FLFP and economic growth; disparity in work participation in terms of male and female wages; and drivers or determinants of FLFP which have been described using international documents and experiences of the different countries. The review closes by identifying gaps in the existing research base and by suggesting areas for inquiry that have been untouched and warrant further research. Findings The key findings emerging from this examination of literature show that the FLFP rate exhibits a U-shaped during the process of economic development. Also, there are evidences of gender pay disparity across the sectors which have been justified by documenting a large number of existing literatures. Demographic factors (including fertility, migration, marriages and child care), economic factors (including unemployment, per capita income, non-farm job and infrastructure) and other explanatory variables which include the regulatory context encompassing family and childcare policies, tax regimes, and presence of subsidized health-care for workers determine the FLFP. Practical implications This paper suggests that in order to bring equality in gender pay gap, there is a requirement of replacing the traditional value system. There is need to provide an environment in which women are encouraged and supported in their efforts, in which women have equitable access to resources and opportunities. Social implications This paper addresses the impact of education, culture and child care subsidies on female labor participation. They positively impact FLFP and such a link has not been sufficiently addressed in prior literature. Originality/value In contrast to previous studies which document a broad-based picture of female work participation, this type of research deals with the link between economic growth and female labor participation, gender wage disparity and determinants of it which has been largely unexplored so far.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::gender,integrated,outcome::labour\_supply,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::gender,integrated,outcome::labour\_supply,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, note = {systematic review looking at relationship of female labour force participation and economic growth, gender disparity in work participation \par main findings: U-shaped part. rate; evidence of gender pay disparity across sectors @@ -17315,7 +17332,7 @@ policy recc: changes to FLFP require replacement of traditional value system bas doi = {10.2383/89515}, abstract = {Bringing people with mental illness into employment is a phenomenon that has been extensively researched in recent years. A review to identify and synthesize available evidence on bringing this group into employment and the potential fields of interest related to barriers and facilitators has been carried out. The electronic search was done using 17 databases. In total 24 publications of systematic reviews, meta-analysis and meta-ethnographies aimed at individuating and systematizing barriers to work inclusion were included. The different process phases and the variety of circumstances that can slow down or push towards a certain condition of job seeker or employee, together with the rest of the results presented in this work, demonstrate the need to re-direct or extend the research focus related to this issue.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::disability,integrated,intervention::employment\_support,intervention::therapy,intervention::training,outcome::employment,outcome::job\_quality,relevant,review::meta,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::disability,integrated,intervention::employment\_support,intervention::therapy,intervention::training,outcome::employment,outcome::job\_quality,relevant,review::meta,snowball\_source}, note = {meta-review of barriers (and drivers) of inclusion into the labour market for people with disabilities (mental illness) \par main findings: employment outcomes seem increased for individuals able to hide their mental illness, practice of concealment of identity @@ -17865,7 +17882,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.1007/s10926-017-9726-x}, abstract = {Purpose There is a critical need for gender-specific vocational supports for young adults with disabilities as they transition to employment. We conducted a systematic review to explore the role of gender in securing and maintaining employment. Methods Systematic searches of seven databases identified 48 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Using a narrative synthesis approach, these studies were analyzed in terms of the characteristics of the participants, methodology, results, and quality of the evidence. Results Among the 48 studies, 112,473 participants (56\textbackslash textbackslash\% male), mean age (of the total sample) was 21, represented across ten countries. Twenty-one studies reported that young men with disabilities had better employment outcomes than women with disabilities. Eight studies showed that females with disabilities had better employment outcomes than males. Five studies reported that there were no gender differences in employment outcomes for youth with various disabilities. With regards to maintaining employment, men with disabilities often work more hours and have better wages compared to women with disabilities. There are several gender-related barriers and facilitators to maintaining employment including social supports and gender role expectations. Conclusions Our findings highlight that there is a critical need for gender-specific vocational supports for young adults with disabilities.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::disability,integrated,intersectional,outcome::employment,outcome::wage,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::disability,integrated,intersectional,outcome::employment,outcome::wage,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/CAY45GFK/Lindsay et al_2018_A Systematic Review of the Role of Gender in Securing and Maintaining.pdf} } @@ -18451,7 +18468,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0226306}, abstract = {Background Persons experiencing homelessness and vulnerable housing or those with lived experience of homelessness have worse health outcomes than individuals who are stably housed. Structural violence can dramatically affect their acceptance of interventions. We carried out a systematic review to understand the factors that influence the acceptability of social and health interventions among persons with lived experience of homelessness. Methods We searched through eight bibliographic databases and selected grey literature sources for articles that were published between 1994 and 2019. We selected primary studies that reported on the experiences of homeless populations interacting with practitioners and service providers working in permanent supportive housing, case management, interventions for substance use, income assistance, and women- and youth-specific interventions. Each study was independently assessed for its methodological quality. We used a framework analysis to identify key finding and used the GRADE-CERQuaI approach to assess confidence in the key findings. Findings Our search identified 11,017 citations of which 35 primary studies met our inclusion criteria. Our synthesis highlighted that individuals were marginalized, dehumanized and excluded by their lived homelessness experience. As a result, trust and personal safety were highly valued within human interactions. Lived experience of homelessness influenced attitudes toward health and social service professionals and sometimes led to reluctance to accept interventions. Physical and structural violence intersected with low self-esteem, depression and homeless-related stigma. Positive self-identity facilitated links to long-term and integrated services, peer support, and patient-centred engagement. Conclusions Individuals with lived experience of homelessness face considerable marginalization, dehumanization and structural violence. Practitioners and social service providers should consider anti-oppressive approaches and provide, refer to, or advocate for health and structural interventions using the principles of trauma-informed care. Accepting and respecting others as they are, without judgment, may help practitioners navigate barriers to inclusiveness, equitability, and effectiveness for primary care that targets this marginalized population.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/IKNUA8UB/Magwood et al_2019_Common trust and personal safety issues.pdf} } @@ -19562,7 +19579,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.1111/j.1533-8525.2003.tb00537.x}, abstract = {This study examines the effects of economic globalization on occupational sex segregation and occupational inequality. A theory of global economic restructuring and its impact on the quality of women's work suggests that national integration into the world economy significantly expands opportunities for women in the workplace but does not remove barriers to women's advancement or ameliorate the predominance of low-paying, menial jobs held by women. Two measures of gender occupational differentiation are employed as dependent variables in cross-sectional OLS regression analyses of fifty-six countries using data from 1970-1990. Results indicate that global economic forces reduce occupational sex segregation and inequality. However, these effects are determined by a country's world system position and region. The analyses illustrate that global economic restructuring is a gendered process that transforms and builds upon existing gender inequalities. Therefore, the inclusion of global structural characteristics into comparative research on occupational sex differentiation is essential.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/J4VBBW9U/Meyer_2003_Economic globalization and women's status in the labor market.pdf} } @@ -20980,7 +20997,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.1007/s10926-014-9548-z}, abstract = {Purpose A systematic review was conducted to review the effectiveness of workplace accommodation (WA) regarding employment, work ability, and cost-benefit among disabled people. It also describes the evidence gained on the barriers and facilitators of WA process to sustain employment. Methods We reviewed systematically current scientific evidence about effectiveness of WA among disabled persons. The outcomes were employment, work ability, and cost-benefit. Qualitative studies of employment facilitators and barriers were also included. The population comprised people with physical disability, visual impairment, hearing impairment, cognitive disability, or mental disability, aged 18-68 years. CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medic, OTseeker, PEDro, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English from January 1990 to November 2012. Results Three quantitative (one randomized controlled, one concurrently controlled, and one cohort) and eight qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. There was moderate evidence that specific types of WA (vocational counselling and guidance, education and self-advocacy, help of others, changes in work schedules, work organization, and special transportation) promote employment among physically disabled persons and reduce costs. There was low evidence that WA (liaison, education, work aids, and work techniques) coordinated by case managers increases return to work and is cost-effective when compared with the usual care of persons with physical and cognitive disabilities. The key facilitators and barriers of employment were self-advocacy, support of the employer and community, amount of training and counselling, and flexibility of work schedules and work organization. Conclusions More high-quality studies using validated measures of the work ability and functioning of disabled persons are needed. The identified barriers and facilitators found in the qualitative studies should be used to develop quantitative study designs.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::disability,integrated,outcome::employment,outcome::rtw,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::disability,integrated,outcome::employment,outcome::rtw,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, note = {systematic review looking at effectiveness of workplace accommodation (vocational counselling/guidance, education/self-advocacy, help of others, changes in work schedules, work organization, special transportation) on employment, work ability, cost-benefit, rtw (n=11) \par main findings: @@ -21678,7 +21695,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o doi = {10.1108/IJSSP-09-2020-0429}, abstract = {Purpose-This study aimed to (1) systematically identify evaluation studies of U.S. active labor market programs (ALMPs) focusing on postsecondary education and job skills training for low-income individuals with employment barriers (hereinafter, Human Capital Development \textbackslash lbrace[\textbackslash rbraceHCD] programs) since the U.S. federal welfare reform of 1996, and (2) provide a synthesis of common strategies used by programs that reported post-program earnings higher than poverty thresholds. Design/methodology/approach-Using Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes (PICO) criteria endorsed by the Cochrane Collaboration, we identified evaluation studies of HCD programs from seven electronic databases and experts' suggestions. Using data (e.g., post-program earnings, main types of services) extracted from the included studies, we describe common strategies used by the programs reporting earnings above the poverty level. Findings-Of 877 studies identified from an initial search, 10 studies met our inclusion/exclusion criteria and thus were included in the final sample. Findings showed that HCD programs reporting earnings above the poverty level for a family of three were characterized by (1) curriculums targeting specific job sectors and occupations, (2) local employers' involvement in developing curriulums and providing work opportunities and (3) post-program job retention and career advancement services. Originality/value-The present study used a systematic review approach to fill gaps in research regarding HCD-focused ALMPs in the U.S. post-welfare reform era by identifying common strategies the effective programs used to help participants obtain employment and exit poverty. Findings may inform the design and implementation of employment programs that will help low-income individuals with employment barriers acquire marketable knowledge and job skills, and thus increase their economic self-sufficiency via improved employment outcomes.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review} + keywords = {review} } @article{OHiggins2010, @@ -22822,7 +22839,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o doi = {10.1080/19463138.2022.2082444}, abstract = {We perform a systematic review of the literature on the association between income, employment, and urban poverty from a multidisciplinary perspective. Our results, derived from the analysis of 243 articles, confirm the significant role of employment in the urban poor's lives, highlighting several factors that constrain their ability to improve their labour market outcomes: lack of access to public transport, geographical segregation, labour informality, among others. Furthermore, the paper finds different strategies used by the poor to promote their inclusion in their city's economy. We found a major bias towards research focused on advanced economies, stressing the need for development studies dealing with the specific challenges of developing economies.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,integrated,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {integrated,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, note = {summary: multi-disciplinary systematic review of association between income, employment, urban poverty. n=243 articles, academic focus on advanced economies; finds significant role of employment in life of urban poor; \par findings: most relevant barriers for improving labour market outcomes: lack of access to public transport, geographical segregation, labour informality, inadequate human capital @@ -23280,7 +23297,7 @@ migration.}, doi = {10.1186/s12939-021-01479-2}, abstract = {Background Persistent income inequality, the increase in precarious employment, the inadequacy of many welfare systems, and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have increased interest in Basic Income (BI) interventions. Ensuring that social interventions, such as BI, are evaluated appropriately is key to ensuring their overall effectiveness. This systematic review therefore aims to report on available methods and domains of assessment, which have been used to evaluate BI interventions. These findings will assist in informing future program and research development and implementation. Methods Studies were identified through systematic searches of the indexed and grey literature (Databases included: Scopus, Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest databases, EBSCOhost Research Databases, and PsycINFO), hand-searching reference lists of included studies, and recommendations from experts. Citations were independently reviewed by two study team members. We included studies that reported on methods used to evaluate the impact of BI, incorporated primary data from an observational or experimental study, or were a protocol for a future BI study. We extracted information on the BI intervention, context and evaluation method. Results 86 eligible articles reported on 10 distinct BI interventions from the last six decades. Workforce participation was the most common outcome of interest among BI evaluations in the 1960-1980 era. During the 2000s, studies of BI expanded to include outcomes related to health, educational attainment, housing and other key facets of life impacted by individuals' income. Many BI interventions were tested in randomized controlled trials with data collected through surveys at multiple time points. Conclusions Over the last two decades, the assessment of the impact of BI interventions has evolved to include a wide array of outcomes. This shift in evaluation outcomes reflects the current hypothesis that investing in BI can result in lower spending on health and social care. Methods of evaluation ranged but emphasized the use of randomization, surveys, and existing data sources (i.e., administrative data). Our findings can inform future BI intervention studies and interventions by providing an overview of how previous BI interventions have been evaluated and commenting on the effectiveness of these methods. Registration This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42016051218).}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,integrated,intervention::basic\_income,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {integrated,intervention::basic\_income,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/T2CM5X5B/Pinto et al_2021_Exploring different methods to evaluate the impact of basic income interventions.pdf} } @@ -24238,7 +24255,7 @@ migration.}, doi = {10.2307/3088900}, abstract = {Sociologists' principal contribution to our understanding of ascriptive inequality has been to document race and sex disparities. We have made little headway, however, in explaining these disparities because most research has sought to explain variation across ascriptive groups in more or less desirable outcomes in terms of allocators' motives. This approach has been inconclusive because motive-based theories cannot be empirically tested. Our reliance on individual-level data and the balkanization of research on ascriptive inequality into separate specialties for groups defined by different ascriptive characteristics have contributed to our explanatory stalemate. Explanation requires including mechanisms in our models-the specific processes that link groups' ascribed characteristics to variable outcomes such as earnings. I discuss mechanisms that contribute to variation in ascriptive inequality at four levels of analysis-intrapsychic, interpersonal, societal, and organizational. Redirecting our attention from motives to mechanisms is essential for understanding inequality and-equally important-for contributing meaningfully to social policies that will promote social equality.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/49QDQIX9/Reskin_2003_Including mechanisms in our models of ascriptive inequality.pdf} } @@ -24956,7 +24973,7 @@ migration.}, doi = {10.36251/josi.99}, abstract = {People with disabilities are generally not considered as able participants in the workforce (paid or volunteer work) and therefore, they often experience exclusion from participating in mainstream employment opportunities. People with disabilities experience various barriers to employment, such as discrimination in the workplace, stigma, prejudice and stereotypes. However, some people with disabilities participate in the workforce and make valuable contributions towards economic development, social capital and wider society. This literature review summarises published research findings about the challenges that people with disabilities experience in pursuing employment opportunities, including volunteering and paid positions; and in undertaking these roles. Furthermore, it explores possible interventions to improve employment outcomes that are effective from the perspectives of people with disabilities. Findings indicate that effective practice takes an inclusive approach and allows clients to take ownership of solutions in relation to addressing the challenges they experience in the employment sector. For this reason, two different community development projects, which particularly focused on employment challenges for people with disabilities, as well as outlining strategies and solutions that promote client ownership were reviewed. Additionally, employment support techniques and strategies, as well as human rights' principles on work and employment for people with disabilities will be debated. Finally, implications for research and practice for the rehabilitation counselling profession and the disability employment services sector are discussed.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::disability,integrated,outcome::employment,outcome::job\_quality,relevant,review::narrative,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::disability,integrated,outcome::employment,outcome::job\_quality,relevant,review::narrative,snowball\_source}, note = {(narrative) review of barriers to workforce inclusion (paid/volunteer work) for people with disabilities; summary of findings \par main findings: @@ -25605,7 +25622,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.015}, abstract = {Exit from work leads to different effects on health, partially depending on the socioeconomic status (SES) of people in the work exit. Several studies on the effects of exit from work on health across socioeconomic groups have been performed, but results are conflicting. The aim of this review is to systematically review the available evidence regarding the effects of exit from work on health in high and low socioeconomic groups. A systematic literature search was conducted using Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Search terms related to exit from work, health, SES and design (prospective or retrospective). Articles were included if they focused on: exit from work (early/statutory retirement, unemployment or disability pension); health (general, physical or mental health and/or health behaviour); SES (educational, occupational and/or income level); and inclusion of stratified or interaction analyses to determine differences across socioeconomic groups. This search strategy resulted in 22 studies. For general, physical or mental health and health behaviour, 13 studies found more positive effects of exit from work on health among employees with a higher SES compared to employees with a lower SES. These effects were mainly found after early/statutory retirement. In conclusion, the effects of exit from work, or more specific the effects of early/statutory retirement on health are different across socioeconomic groups. However, the findings of this review should be interpreted with caution as the studies used heterogeneous health outcomes and on each health outcome a limited number of studies was included. Yet, the positive effects of exit from work on health are mainly present in higher socioeconomic groups. Therefore, public health policies should focus on improving health of employees with a lower SES, in particular after exit from work to decrease health inequalities.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/NP4ZY5D2/Schaap et al_2018_The effects of exit from work on health across different socioeconomic groups.pdf} } @@ -26578,7 +26595,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2020.571191}, abstract = {Brain tumors (BT) are between the eight most common cancers among persons aged 40 years, with an average survival time of 10 years for patients affected by non-malignant brain tumor. Some patients continue to work, reporting difficulties in work-related activities, or even job loss. The purpose of the present study was to review the existing information about the ability people with BT to return to work and to identify factors associated with job loss. We performed a systematic review on SCOPUS and EMBASE for peer-reviewed papers that reported studies assessing work ability in patients with BT that were published in the period from January 2010 to January 2020. Out of 800 identified records, 7 articles were selected for analysis, in which 1,507 participants with BT were enrolled overall. Three main themes emerged: the impact of neuropsychological functioning on work productivity, the change of employment status for long-term survivors and issues related to return to work processes. Based on the results of selected studies, it can be concluded that the impact of BT on workforce participation is determined by depressive symptoms and cognitive deficits, as well as by high short-term mortality but also on environmental barriers. Vocational Rehabilitation programs should be implemented to help patients wishing to return to or maintain their current work, as much as possible.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::disability,integrated,outcome::employment,outcome::rtw,relevant,review::systematic}, + keywords = {inequality::disability,integrated,outcome::employment,outcome::rtw,relevant,review::systematic}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/HY4XHJF5/Silvaggi et al_2020_Employment and Work Ability of Persons With Brain Tumors.pdf} } @@ -26610,7 +26627,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.1037/pha0000230}, abstract = {Poverty is associated with poor health and affects many United States residents. The therapeutic workplace, an operant intervention designed to treat unemployed adults with histories of drug addiction, could form the basis for an effective antipoverty program. Under the therapeutic workplace, participants receive pay for work. To promote drug abstinence or medication adherence, participants must provide drug-free urine samples or take scheduled doses of medication, respectively, to maintain maximum pay. Therapeutic workplace participants receive job-skills training in Phase 1 and perform income-producing jobs in Phase 2. Many unemployed, drug-addicted adults lack skills they would need to obtain high-skilled and high-paying jobs. Many of these individuals attend therapeutic workplace training reliably, but only when offered stipends for attendance. They also work on training programs reliably, but only when they earn stipends for performance on training programs. A therapeutic workplace social business can promote employment, although special contingencies may be needed to ensure that participants are punctual and work entire work shifts, and social businesses do not reliably promote community employment. Therapeutic workplace participants work with an employment specialist to seek community employment, but primarily when they earn financial incentives. Reducing poverty is more challenging than promoting employment, because it requires promoting employment in higher paying, full-time and steady jobs. Although a daunting challenge, promoting the type of employment needed to reduce poverty is an important goal, both because of the obvious benefit in reducing poverty itself and in the potential secondary benefit of reducing poverty-related health disparities.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review} + keywords = {review} } @article{Silverstein2017, @@ -26711,7 +26728,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.2196/35929}, abstract = {Background: Older adults experience a high risk of adverse events during hospital-to-home transitions. Implementation barriers have prevented widespread clinical uptake of the various digital health technologies that aim to support hospital-to-home transitions. Objective: To guide the development of a digital health intervention to support transitions from hospital to home (the Digital Bridge intervention), the specific objectives of this review were to describe the various roles and functions of health care providers supporting hospital-to-home transitions for older adults, allowing future technologies to be more targeted to support their work; describe the types of digital health interventions used to facilitate the transition from hospital to home for older adults and elucidate how these interventions support the roles and functions of providers; describe the lessons learned from the design and implementation of these interventions; and identify opportunities to improve the fit between technology and provider functions within the Digital Bridge intervention and other transition-focused digital health interventions. Methods: This 2-phase rapid review involved a selective review of providers' roles and their functions during hospital-to-home transitions (phase 1) and a structured literature review on digital health interventions used to support older adults' hospital-to-home transitions (phase 2). During the analysis, the technology functions identified in phase 2 were linked to the provider roles and functions identified in phase 1. Results: In phase 1, various provider roles were identified that facilitated hospital-to-home transitions, including navigation-specific roles and the roles of nurses and physicians. The key transition functions performed by providers were related to the 3 categories of continuity of care (ie, informational, management, and relational continuity). Phase 2, included articles (n=142) that reported digital health interventions targeting various medical conditions or groups. Most digital health interventions supported management continuity (eg, follow-up, assessment, and monitoring of patients' status after hospital discharge), whereas informational and relational continuity were the least supported. The lessons learned from the interventions were categorized into technology- and research-related challenges and opportunities and informed several recommendations to guide the design of transition-focused digital health interventions. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for Digital Bridge and other digital health interventions to align the design and delivery of digital health interventions with provider functions, design and test interventions with older adults, and examine multilevel outcomes.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,out::title,review}, + keywords = {out::title,review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/SEXRAXGR/Singh et al_2022_Recommendations for the Design and Delivery of Transitions-Focused Digital.pdf} } @@ -27732,7 +27749,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.2165/11314710-000000000-00000}, abstract = {Capacity is limited in the developing world to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of health interventions. In Thailand, there have been concerted efforts to promote evidence-based policy making, including the introduction of economic, appraisals within health technology assessment (HTA). This paper reviews the experience of this lower middle-income country, with an emphasis on the creation of the Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), including its mission, management structures and activities. Over the past 3 decades, several HTA programmes were implemented in Thailand but not sustained or developed further into a national institute. As a response to increasing demands for HTA evidence including CEA information, the HITAP was created in 2007 as an affiliate unit of a semi-autonomous research arm of the Ministry Of Public Health. An advantage of this HTA programme over previous initiatives was that it was hosted by a research institute with long-term experience in conducting health systems and policy research and capacity building of its research staff, and excellent research and policy networks. To deal with existing impediments to conducting health economics research, the main strategies of the HITAP were carefully devised to include not only capacity strengthening of its researchers and administrative staff, but also the development of essential elements for the country's health economic evaluation methodology. These included, for example, methodological guidelines, standard protocols and benchmarks for resource allocation, many of which have been adopted by national policy-making bodies including the three major public health insurance plans. Networks and collaborations with domestic and foreign institutes have been sought as a means of resource mobilization and exchange. Although the HITAP is well financed by a number of government agencies and international organizations, the programme is vulnerable to shortages of qualified research staff, as most staff work on a part-time or temporary basis. To enhance the utilization of its research findings by policy makers, practitioners and consumers, the HITAP has adopted the principles of technical excellence, policy relevance, transparency, effective communication and participation of key stakeholders. These principles have been translated into good practice at every step of HTA management. In 2007 and 2008, the HITAP carried out assessments of a wide range of health products, medical procedures and public health initiatives. Although CEA and other economic evaluation approaches were employed in these studies, the tools and underlying efficiency goal were considered inadequate to provide complete information for prioritization. As suggested by official stakeholders, some of the projects investigated broader issues of management, feasibility, performance and socio-political implications of interventions. As yet, it is unclear what role HITAP research and associated recommendations have played in policy decisions. It is hoped that the lessons drawn on the creation of the HITAP and its experience during the first 2 years, as well as information on its main strategies and management structures, may be helpful for other resource-constrained countries when considering how best to strengthen their capacity to conduct economic appraisals of health technologies and interventions.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/4G7W6SX7/Tantivess et al_2009_Strengthening Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Thailand through the Establishment.pdf} } @@ -27801,7 +27818,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.1093/heapol/czw074}, abstract = {This article presents evidence supporting the hypothesis that promoting gender equality and women's and girls' empowerment (GEWE) leads to better health and development outcomes. We reviewed the literature across six sectors-family planning (FP); maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH); nutrition; agriculture; water, sanitation and hygiene; and financial services for the poor-and found 76 studies from low and middle-income countries that met our inclusion criteria. Across these studies, we identified common GEWE variables that emerged repeatedly as significant predictors of sector outcomes. We grouped these variables into 10 thematic categories, which we termed \textbackslash textasciigravegender-related levers'. These levers were then classified by the strength of evidence into Wedges, Foundations and Facilitators. Wedges are gender-related levers that had strong associations with improved outcomes across multiple sectors. They include: \textbackslash textasciigravecontrol over income/assets/resources', \textbackslash textasciigravedecision-making power' and \textbackslash textasciigraveeducation'. Elements of these levers overlap, but combined, they encapsulate agency. Increasing female agency promotes equality and broadly improves health and development for women, their families and their communities. The second classification, Foundations, displayed strong, positive associations across FP, MNCH and nutrition. Foundations have a more proximal relationship with sector outcomes and include: \textbackslash textasciigraveequitable interpersonal relationships', \textbackslash textasciigravemobility' and \textbackslash textasciigravepersonal safety'. Finally, the third group of levers, Facilitators, was associated with improved outcomes in two to three sectors and include: \textbackslash textasciigraveaccess to information', \textbackslash textasciigravecommunity groups', \textbackslash textasciigravepaid labour' and \textbackslash textasciigraverights'. These levers make it easier for women and girls to achieve their goals and are more traditional elements of development programmes. Overall, gender-related levers were associated with improvements in a variety of health and development outcomes. Furthermore, these associations were cross-sectoral, suggesting that to fully realize the benefits of promoting GEWE, the development community must collaborate in co-ordinated and integrated ways across multiple sectors. More research is needed to identify the mechanisms by which gendered interventions work and under what circumstances.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::gender,integrated,outcome::health,review::narrative,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::gender,integrated,outcome::health,review::narrative,snowball\_source}, note = {(narrative?) review of effects of dimensions of female 'empowerment' on health outcomes and development outcomes, such as access to and use of financial services \par main findings: @@ -28446,7 +28463,7 @@ main findings: doi = {10.1002/14651858.CD010067.pub2}, abstract = {Background Slums are densely populated, neglected parts of cities where housing and living conditions are exceptionally poor. In situ slum upgrading, at its basic level, involves improving the physical environment of the existing area, such as improving and installing basic infrastructure like water, sanitation, solid waste collection, electricity, storm water drainage, access roads and footpaths, and street lighting, as well as home improvements and securing land tenure. Objectives To explore the effects of slum upgrading strategies involving physical environment and infrastructure interventions on the health, quality of life and socio-economic wellbeing of urban slum dwellers in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Where reported, data were collected on the perspectives of slum dwellers regarding their needs, preferences for and satisfaction with interventions received. Search methods We searched for published and unpublished studies in 28 bibliographic databases including multidisciplinary (for example Scopus) and specialist databases covering health, social science, urban planning, environment and LMIC topics. Snowballing techniques included searching websites, journal handsearching, contacting authors and reference list checking. Searches were not restricted by language or publication date. Selection criteria We included studies examining the impact of slum upgrading strategies involving physical environment or infrastructure improvements (with or without additional co-interventions) on the health, quality of life and socio-economic wellbeing of LMIC urban slum dwellers. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before and after studies (CBAs) and interrupted time series (ITS) were eligible for the main analysis. Controlled studies with only post-intervention data (CPI) and uncontrolled before and after (UBA) studies were included in a separate narrative to examine consistency of results and to supplement evidence gaps in the main analysis. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias for each study. Differences between the included study interventions and outcomes precluded meta-analysis so the results were presented in a narrative summary with illustrative harvest plots. The body of evidence for outcomes within the main analysis was assessed according to GRADE as very low, low, moderate or high quality. Main results We identified 10,488 unique records, with 323 screened as full text. Five studies were included for the main analysis: one RCT with a low risk, two CBAs with a moderate risk and two CBAs with a high risk of bias. Three CBAs evaluated multicomponent slum upgrading strategies. Road paving only was evaluated in one RCT and water supply in one CBA. A total of 3453 households or observations were included within the four studies reporting sample sizes. Most health outcomes in the main studies related to communicable diseases, for which the body of evidence was judged to be low quality. One CBA with a moderate risk of bias found that diarrhoeal incidence was reduced in households which received water connections from a private water company (risk ratio (RR) 0.53; 95\textbackslash textbackslash\% confidence interval (CI) 0.27 to 1.04) and the severity of diarrhoeal episodes (RR 0.48; 95\textbackslash textbackslash\% CI 0.19 to 1.22). There was no effect for duration of diarrhoea. Road paving did not result in changes in parasitic infections or sickness in one RCT. After multicomponent slum upgrading, claims for a waterborne disease as opposed to a non-waterborne disease reduced (RR 0.64; 95\textbackslash textbackslash\% CI 0.27 to 0.98) in one CBA with a high risk of bias but there was no change in sanitation-related mortality in a CBA with a moderate risk of bias. The majority of socio-economic outcomes reported within the main studies related to financial poverty, for which the body of evidence was of very low quality. Results were mixed amongst the main studies; one RCT and two CBAs reported no effect on the income of slum dwellers following slum upgrading. One further CBA found significant reduction in monthly water expenditure (mean difference (MD) -17.11 pesos; 95\textbackslash textbackslash\% CI -32.6 to -1.62). One RCT also showed mixed results for employment variables, finding no effect on unemployment levels but increased weekly worked hours (MD 4.68; 95\textbackslash textbackslash\% CI -0.46 to 9.82) and lower risk of residents intending to migrate for work (RR 0.78; 95\textbackslash textbackslash\% CI 0.60 to 1.01). There was no evidence available to assess the impact of slum upgrading on non-communicable diseases or social capital. Maternal and perinatal conditions, infant mortality, nutritional deficiencies, injuries, self-reported quality of life, education and crime were evaluated in one study each. Nine supporting studies were included that measured varying outcomes (6794 households or observations within eight studies reporting sample sizes). One CPI evaluated cement flooring only while three UBAs and five CPIs evaluated multicomponent slum upgrading strategies. All studies but one had a high risk of bias. The studies reinforced main study findings for diarrhoea incidence and water-related expenditure. Findings for parasitic infections and financial poverty were inconsistent with the main studies. In addition, supporting studies reported a number of disparate outcomes that were not evaluated in the main studies. Five supporting studies included some limited information on slum dweller perspectives. They indicated the importance of appropriate siting of facilities, preference for private facilities, delivering synergistic interventions together, and ensuring that infrastructure was fit for purpose and systems were provided for cleaning, maintenance and repair. Authors' conclusions A high risk of bias within the included studies, heterogeneity and evidence gaps prevent firm conclusions on the effect of slum upgrading strategies on health and socio-economic wellbeing. The most common health and socio-economic outcomes reported were communicable diseases and indicators of financial poverty. There was a limited but consistent body of evidence to suggest that slum upgrading may reduce the incidence of diarrhoeal diseases and water-related expenditure. The information available on slum dwellers' perspectives provided some insight to barriers and facilitators for successful implementation and maintenance of interventions. The availability and use of reliable, comparable outcome measures to determine the effect of slum upgrading on health, quality of life and socio-economic wellbeing would make a useful contribution to new research in this important area. Given the complexity in delivering slum upgrading, evaluations should look to incorporate process and qualitative information alongside quantitative effectiveness data to determine which particular interventions work (or don't work) and for whom.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/BJIJKMC5/Turley et al_2013_Slum upgrading strategies involving physical environment and infrastructure.pdf} } @@ -28505,7 +28522,7 @@ main findings: doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.015}, abstract = {The implications of technology adoption for productivity, income, and welfare have been studied widely in the context of less developed countries (LDCs). In contrast, the relationship between technology adoption and employment has attracted less interest. This systematic review evaluates the diverse yet sizeable evidence base that has remained below the radars of both reviewers and policy makers. We map the qualitative and empirical evidence and report that the effect of technology adoption on employment is skill biased and more likely to be observed when technology adoption favors product innovation as opposed to process innovation. Technology adoption is also less likely to be associated with employment creation when: (i) the evidence is related to farm employment as opposed to firm/industry employment; (ii) the evidence is related to low-income countries as opposed to lower middle-income or mixed countries; and (iii) the evidence is based on post-2001 data as opposed to pre-2001 data. There is also qualitative evidence indicating that international trade, weak forward and backward linkages, and weaknesses in governance and labor-market institutions tend to weaken the job creating effects of technology adoption. We conclude by calling for compilation of better quality survey data and further attention to sources of heterogeneity in modeling the relationship between technology adoption and employment in LDCs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::income,integrated,intervention::technology\_adoption,outcome::employment,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {inequality::income,integrated,intervention::technology\_adoption,outcome::employment,relevant,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, note = {systematic review of effects of technology adoption on employment (in LMIC/LIC 'less developed countries') \par main findings: positive effect more likely when technology adoption favours product innovation not process innovation and when it is is skill based @@ -29259,7 +29276,7 @@ inequality: doi = {10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.02.015}, abstract = {Gender inequalities in the financial resources in later life result from the combined effect of women's atypical life courses, which include interrupted employment records and periods of care provision, and the fact that pension systems have generally been slow in mitigating \textbackslash textasciigravediversions' from continuous and full-time working lives. Gender differentials in financial resources can often result in a greater likelihood of facing poverty for older women compared to older men, and such risk can be experienced for longer periods for women, as a result of their higher life expectancy on average. For example, across the EU-27, 16\textbackslash textbackslash\% of men compared to 23\textbackslash textbackslash\% of women aged 65 and over faced a poverty risk, and at age 65, men can expect to live another 17 years on average, while women another 21 years. Although modern pension systems are increasingly recognising the diversity of women's patterns of paid and unpaid work, for example by accounting for periods of childcare in the calculation of the state pension, research continues to show a \textbackslash textasciigravepenalty' for women who have spent significant periods of their life providing care to children or dependent adults in and outside the household. Reducing such penalty is particularly important as population ageing and an increasing demand for formal and informal care are likely to present challenges with critical policy implications for societies and individuals alike. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,review}, + keywords = {review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/LQ2GF9CL/Vlachantoni_2012_Financial inequality and gender in older people.pdf} } @@ -30938,7 +30955,7 @@ inequality: doi = {10.34172/ijhpm.2021.06}, abstract = {Background: Human resources are at the heart of health systems, playing a central role in their functionality globally. It is estimated that up to 70\textbackslash textbackslash\% of the health workforce are women, however, this pattern is not reflected in the leadership of health systems where women are under-represented. Methods: This systematized review explored the existing literature around women's progress towards leadership in the health sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) which has used intersectional analysis. Results: While there are studies that have looked at the inequities and barriers women face in progressing towards leadership positions in health systems within LMICs, none explicitly used an intersectionality framework in their approach. These studies did nevertheless show recurring barriers to health systems leadership created at the intersection of gender and social identities such as professional cadre, race/ethnicity, financial status, and culture. These barriers limit women's access to resources that improve career development, including mentorship and sponsorship opportunities, reduce value, recognition and respect at work for women, and increase the likelihood of women to take on dual burdens of professional work and childcare and domestic work, and, create biased views about effectiveness of men and women's leadership styles. An intersectional lens helps to better understand how gender intersects with other social identities which results in upholding these persisting barriers to career progression and leadership. Conclusion: As efforts to reduce gender inequity in health systems are gaining momentum, it is important to look beyond gender and take into account other intersecting social identities that create unique positionalities of privilege and/or disadvantage. This approach should be adopted across a diverse range of health systems programs and policies in an effort to strengthen gender equity in health and specifically human resources for health (HRH), and improve health system governance, functioning and outcomes. Keywords: Gender, Intersectionality, Health Systems, Health Workforce, Leadership, Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) Copyright: (c) 2021 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Zeinali Z, Muraya K, Molyneux S, Morgan R. The use of intersectional analysis in assessing women's leadership progress in the health workforce in LMICs: a review. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2021;x(x):x-x. doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2021.06}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {ALREADY\_TAGGED,inequality::gender,inequality::socio-demographic,integrated,intersectional,review::systematic}, + keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::socio-demographic,integrated,intersectional,review::systematic}, note = {systematic review of female leadership in health sector (LMICs) using intersectional analysis \par main findings: main barriers at intersection of gender and social identity of professional cadre, race/ethnicity, financial status, culture