From c97314154df5bd235033630f70e00259f7e389b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Marty Oehme Date: Thu, 29 Feb 2024 12:24:07 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] chore(data): Update zotero bibtex --- 02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib | 502 ++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 259 insertions(+), 243 deletions(-) diff --git a/02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib b/02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib index c3c4168..4775564 100644 --- a/02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib +++ b/02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ title = {Governing through {{Goals}}}, year = {2017}, month = may, - publisher = {{The MIT Press}}, + publisher = {The MIT Press}, isbn = {978-0-262-03562-0 978-0-262-33741-0}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ year = {2017}, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, number = {8092}, - institution = {{World Bank}}, + institution = {World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-8092}, abstract = {Do matching frictions affect youth employment in developing countries? This paper studies a randomized controlled trial of job fairs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The job fairs match firms with a representative sample of young, educated job-seekers. The meetings at the fairs create very few jobs: one for approximately 10 firms that attended. The paper explores reasons for this, and finds significant evidence for mismatched expectations: about wages, about firms' requirements, and the average quality of job-seekers. There is evidence of learning and updating of beliefs in the aftermath of the fair. This changes behavior: both workers and firms invest more in formal job search after the fairs.}, keywords = {country::Ethiopia,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, @@ -359,8 +359,8 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl year = {2017}, month = mar, number = {23264}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w23264}, abstract = {We study the interaction between job and soft skills training on expectations and labor market outcomes in the context of a youth training program in the Dominican Republic. Program applicants were randomly assigned to one of 3 modalities: a full treatment consisting of hard and soft skills training plus an internship, a partial treatment consisting of soft skills training plus an internship, or a control group. We find strong and lasting effects of the program on personal skills acquisition and expectations, but these results are markedly different for young men and young women. Shortly after completing the program, both male and female participants report increased expectations for improved employment and livelihoods. This result is reversed for male participants in the long run, a result that can be attributed to the program's negative short-run effects on labor market outcomes for males. While these effects seem to dissipate in the long run, employed men are substantially more likely to be searching for another job. On the other hand, women experience improved labor market outcomes in the short run and exhibit substantially higher levels of personal skills in the long run. These results translate into women being more optimistic, having higher self-esteem and lower fertility in the long run. Our results suggest that job-training programs of this type can be transformative -- for women, life skills mattered and made a difference, but they can also have a downside if, like in this case for men, training creates expectations that are not met.}, langid = {english}, @@ -625,8 +625,8 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl year = {2018}, month = feb, number = {24313}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w24313}, abstract = {We evaluate the causal impacts of on-the-job soft skills training on the productivity, wages, and retention of female garment workers in India. The program increased women's extraversion and communication, and spurred technical skill upgrading. Treated workers were 20 percent more productive than controls post-program. Wages rise very modestly with treatment (by 0.5 percent), with no differential turnover, suggesting that although soft skills raise workers' marginal products, labor market frictions are large enough to create a substantial wedge between productivity and wages. Consistent with this, the net return to the firm was large: 258 percent eight months after program completion.}, langid = {english}, @@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl author = {Aedo, Cristian and Nu{\~n}ez, Sergio}, year = {2004}, number = {188}, - institution = {{Inter-American Development Bank}}, + institution = {Inter-American Development Bank}, urldate = {2022-02-10}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Argentina,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, @@ -803,8 +803,8 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl month = oct, number = {w19525}, pages = {w19525}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w19525}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -1179,8 +1179,8 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl month = nov, number = {w25265}, pages = {w25265}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w25265}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -1674,7 +1674,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, year = {2014}, month = dec, edition = {0}, - publisher = {{Routledge}}, + publisher = {Routledge}, doi = {10.4324/9781315698120}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-317-45191-4}, @@ -1859,8 +1859,8 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, month = oct, number = {w15391}, pages = {w15391}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w15391}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -1958,7 +1958,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, editor = {Lundvall, Bengt-{\AA}ke and Joseph, K. J. and Chaminade, Cristina and Vang, Jan}, year = {2009}, month = dec, - publisher = {{Edward Elgar Publishing}}, + publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, doi = {10.4337/9781849803427.00008}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-84980-342-7 978-1-84720-609-1}, @@ -1988,7 +1988,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, author = {Alvaredo, Facundo}, year = {2018}, month = may, - publisher = {{Harvard University Press}}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, doi = {10.4159/9780674984769}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-674-98476-9}, @@ -2054,7 +2054,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, series = {{{OVE Working Papers}}}, number = {15/06}, pages = {[36] p.}, - address = {{Washington}}, + address = {Washington}, institution = {{Office of Evaluation and Oversight, Inter-American Development Bank}}, abstract = {This paper evaluates Proyecto Joven, a training program targeted to poor young individuals in Argentina. The authors used a non-experimental evaluation methodology to answer the following set of questions: Did the program increase the probability of employment? Did it increase the probability of a formal employment? Did it increase the labor income of trainees? The methodology used is the matching estimators approach calculating first propensity scores for program participation and then the matching estimators to calculate the program impact. The impact of the program is negligible in terms of employment and income, but not in terms of formality, which was an important achievement in the case of Argentina, since labor informality was increasing economy wide and more specifically for the group targeted by Proyecto Joven.}, keywords = {country::Argentina,group::youth,inequality::age,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, @@ -2229,8 +2229,8 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, month = mar, number = {w19961}, pages = {w19961}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w19961}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -2300,8 +2300,8 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, month = mar, number = {w7058}, pages = {w7058}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w7058}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, langid = {english}, @@ -2992,8 +2992,8 @@ The authors conclude that, while there are modest positive outcomes, none of the editor = {Collier, Paul and Soludo, Chukwuma C. and Pattillo, Catherine}, year = {2008}, pages = {397--428}, - publisher = {{Palgrave Macmillan UK}}, - address = {{London}}, + publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK}, + address = {London}, doi = {10.1057/9780230583191_17}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-0-230-54273-0 978-0-230-58319-1}, @@ -3266,7 +3266,7 @@ does NOT look at WoW} title = {Negotiating a {{Better Future}}: {{How Interpersonal Skills Facilitate Inter-Generational Investment}}}, shorttitle = {Negotiating a {{Better Future}}}, author = {Ashraf, Nava and Sarnoff, Kim and Moore, Danielle and Welch, Keesler}, - publisher = {{American Economic Association}}, + publisher = {American Economic Association}, doi = {10.1257/rct.74}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, abstract = {Throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, secondary school completion is low, and female educational attainment lags male educational attainment. Many governments and NGOs try to address this issue by providing material support such as free uniforms and scholarships. We explore a potential alternative tool for increasing female human capital investment. A recent branch of economics, pioneered by James Heckman, has posited that differences in long-term outcomes (including wages and educational attainment) are in part driven by differences in non-cognitive skills (Heckman and Rubinstein, 2001). Non-cognitive skills are typically both difficult to measure and change, particularly among older children, but neuroscience research in recent years has shown that interpersonal skills may be best learned by early adolescents (Choudhury et al., 2006). If this is the case, programs that affect interpersonal skills may offer policymakers an unusual opportunity to improve non-cognitive skills within the school system. Motivated by this literature, we test whether improving interpersonal skills can play a role in increasing female education. We conducted an experiment in which we randomly provided eighth grade girls in Zambia with a two-week, after-school negotiation skills training. To disentangle the effects of the negotiation skills from the effects of participating in an all-girls training with a female, Zambian role model, we further randomized some girls to receive a placebo training (called ``safe space'') where girls met to play games under the supervision of the mentor but did not receive negotiation skills training. We then collected data on the effect of negotiation in two ways. First, we conducted a lab-in-the-field investment game to better understand how negotiation affected parents' investment decisions. Second, we collected administrative data on girls' educational and life outcomes such as school fee payment, attendance, grades, and pregnancy status up to when the girls would be enrolled in tenth grade.}, @@ -3511,8 +3511,8 @@ does NOT look at WoW} month = jul, number = {w15087}, pages = {w15087}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w15087}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -3530,7 +3530,7 @@ does NOT look at WoW} volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {188--220}, - publisher = {{American Economic Association}}, + publisher = {American Economic Association}, issn = {1945-7782, 1945-7790}, doi = {10.1257/app.3.3.188}, abstract = {This paper evaluates the impact of a randomized training program for disadvantaged youth introduced in Colombia in 2005. This randomized trial offers a unique opportunity to examine the impact of training in a middle income country. We use originally collected data on individuals randomly offered and not offered training. The program raises earnings and employment for women. Women offered training earn 19.6 percent more and have a 0.068 higher probability of paid employment than those not offered training, mainly in formal-sector jobs. Cost-benefit analysis of these results suggests that the program generates much larger net gains than those found in developed countries. (JEL I28, J13, J24, O15)}, @@ -3847,7 +3847,7 @@ does NOT look at WoW} issn = {0001-9720, 1750-0184}, doi = {10.3366/E0001972008000405}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {This article examines popular understandings of diabetes, and conflicts and ambiguities in the management of diabetes care, in two areas of Cameroon. Conducted over a two-year period, comparative ethnography in Yaound{\'e} and Bafut started in four diabetes clinics (two in each place). From there it extended outwards, first to the homes of patients with diabetes, and then on to a number of indigenous healers consulted by patients or their families. We explore here the tension between clinic-based demands for patients' `compliance' with treatment guidelines, including repeated strictures against resorting to `traditional' medicine, and patients' own willingness to alternate between biomedicine and indigenous practitioners, a process in which they subject the claims of both to a kind of pragmatic evaluation. The continuing importance of indigenous healing practices, and explanations for diabetes in terms of ancestral intervention or witchcraft, are considered in the light of recent anthropological debate about the `modernity of witchcraft' in Africa. , Cet article examine les interpr{\'e}tations populaires du diab{\`e}te, ainsi que les conflits et les ambigu\"{\i}t{\'e}s dans la gestion du traitement du diab{\`e}te dans deux r{\'e}gions du Cameroun. L'ethnographie comparative men{\'e}e sur une p{\'e}riode de deux ans {\`a} Yaound{\'e} et Bafut a commenc{\'e} dans quatre cliniques du diab{\`e}te (deux dans chaque ville). L'{\'e}tude s'est ensuite {\'e}largie au domicile des patients diab{\'e}tiques, puis {\`a} un certain nombre de gu{\'e}risseurs indig{\`e}nes consult{\'e}s par les patients ou leur famille. L'article explore les tensions entre d'une part les exigences des cliniques en mati{\`e}re d'observance de traitement par les patients (y compris des critiques s{\'e}v{\`e}res r{\'e}p{\'e}t{\'e}es contre le recours {\`a} la m{\'e}decine << traditionnelle >>) et, d'autre part, la volont{\'e} des patients d'alterner entre praticiens de la biom{\'e}decine et praticiens indig{\`e}nes, un processus dans lequel ils soumettent les pr{\'e}tentions des uns et des autres {\`a} une sorte d'{\'e}valuation pragmatique. L'importance persistante des pratiques de gu{\'e}rison indig{\`e}nes, et les explications du diab{\`e}te en termes d'intervention ancestrale ou de sorcellerie, sont {\'e}tudi{\'e}es {\`a} la lumi{\`e}re du d{\'e}bat anthropologique r{\'e}cent sur la << modernit{\'e} de la sorcellerie >> en Afrique.}, + abstract = {This article examines popular understandings of diabetes, and conflicts and ambiguities in the management of diabetes care, in two areas of Cameroon. Conducted over a two-year period, comparative ethnography in Yaound{\'e} and Bafut started in four diabetes clinics (two in each place). From there it extended outwards, first to the homes of patients with diabetes, and then on to a number of indigenous healers consulted by patients or their families. We explore here the tension between clinic-based demands for patients' `compliance' with treatment guidelines, including repeated strictures against resorting to `traditional' medicine, and patients' own willingness to alternate between biomedicine and indigenous practitioners, a process in which they subject the claims of both to a kind of pragmatic evaluation. The continuing importance of indigenous healing practices, and explanations for diabetes in terms of ancestral intervention or witchcraft, are considered in the light of recent anthropological debate about the `modernity of witchcraft' in Africa. , Cet article examine les interpr{\'e}tations populaires du diab{\`e}te, ainsi que les conflits et les ambigu{\"i}t{\'e}s dans la gestion du traitement du diab{\`e}te dans deux r{\'e}gions du Cameroun. L'ethnographie comparative men{\'e}e sur une p{\'e}riode de deux ans {\`a} Yaound{\'e} et Bafut a commenc{\'e} dans quatre cliniques du diab{\`e}te (deux dans chaque ville). L'{\'e}tude s'est ensuite {\'e}largie au domicile des patients diab{\'e}tiques, puis {\`a} un certain nombre de gu{\'e}risseurs indig{\`e}nes consult{\'e}s par les patients ou leur famille. L'article explore les tensions entre d'une part les exigences des cliniques en mati{\`e}re d'observance de traitement par les patients (y compris des critiques s{\'e}v{\`e}res r{\'e}p{\'e}t{\'e}es contre le recours {\`a} la m{\'e}decine << traditionnelle >>) et, d'autre part, la volont{\'e} des patients d'alterner entre praticiens de la biom{\'e}decine et praticiens indig{\`e}nes, un processus dans lequel ils soumettent les pr{\'e}tentions des uns et des autres {\`a} une sorte d'{\'e}valuation pragmatique. L'importance persistante des pratiques de gu{\'e}rison indig{\`e}nes, et les explications du diab{\`e}te en termes d'intervention ancestrale ou de sorcellerie, sont {\'e}tudi{\'e}es {\`a} la lumi{\`e}re du d{\'e}bat anthropologique r{\'e}cent sur la << modernit{\'e} de la sorcellerie >> en Afrique.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -4041,7 +4041,7 @@ does NOT look at WoW} author = {Babcock, Linda and Laschever, Sara}, year = {2003}, month = dec, - publisher = {{Princeton University Press}}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, doi = {10.1515/9780691212845}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-691-21284-5}, @@ -4483,7 +4483,7 @@ does NOT look at WoW} year = {2011}, month = jan, edition = {1}, - publisher = {{Wiley}}, + publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/9780470400531.eorms0002}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, abstract = {Abstract The majority of operations research (OR) applications and models focus on performance metrics and objectives based on effectiveness and efficiency. Equity is a key goal of nonprofit and public sector operations and has been studied considerably less than effectiveness and efficiency. In this article, we present an overview of incorporating equity in OR models and we review vehicle routing applications, such as disaster relief, mobility services, food distribution, and hazardous material transportation, which consider equity. We suggest future research directions in studying equity in vehicle routing.}, @@ -4567,7 +4567,7 @@ does NOT look at WoW} volume = {28}, number = {5}, pages = {1388--1394}, - publisher = {{John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd}}, + publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd}, issn = {0968-0802}, doi = {10.1002/sd.2092}, urldate = {2023-10-15}, @@ -4702,7 +4702,7 @@ does NOT look at WoW} author = {Bandiera, Oriana and Buehren, Niklas and Burgess, Robin and Goldstein, Markus and Gulesci, Selim and Rasul, Imran and Sulaiman, Munshi}, year = {2018}, month = dec, - publisher = {{World Bank, Washington, DC}}, + publisher = {World Bank, Washington, DC}, doi = {10.1596/28282}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -4715,7 +4715,7 @@ does NOT look at WoW} author = {Bandiera, Oriana and Buehren, Niklas and Goldstein, Markus and Rasul, Imran and Smurra, Andrea}, year = {2019}, month = feb, - publisher = {{World Bank, Washington, DC}}, + publisher = {World Bank, Washington, DC}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-8760}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -5084,8 +5084,8 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, year = {2020}, month = jul, number = {27548}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w27548}, abstract = {We randomly assign applicants to over-subscribed programs to study the effects of teaching hard and soft skills in vocational training and examine their impacts on skills and labor market outcomes using both survey and administrative data. We find that providing vocational training that either emphasizes social or technical skills increases formal employment. We also find that admission to a vocational program that emphasizes technical relative to social skills increases overall employment and also days and hours worked in the short term. Yet, emphasis on soft-skills training helps applicants sustain employment and monthly wages over the longer term and allows them to catch up with those learning hard skills. Further, through a second round of randomization, we find that offering financial support for transportation and food increases the effectiveness of the program, indicating that resource constraints may be an obstacle for individuals considering vocational training.}, langid = {english}, @@ -5253,7 +5253,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, author = {Bassi, Vittorio and Nansamba, Aisha}, year = {2019}, number = {19-08}, - publisher = {{AEA RCT Registry}}, + publisher = {AEA RCT Registry}, doi = {10.1257/rct.1005-2.0}, abstract = {This project studies the labor market matching process between young workers and firms in Uganda. We focus on three core aspects of this process. First, we study the relative importance of cognitive and non-cognitive skills in determining the labor market outcomes of young workers; second, we examine whether asymmetric information on the skills of youth that first enter the labor market is a significant source of inefficiency in terms of reduced employment opportunities and mismatch; third, we study whether an intervention improving the signal to potential employers on the skills of job market entrants reduces the asymmetric information problem and limits the related inefficiencies. We carry out this analysis through a randomized control trial in the Ugandan labor market. Our intervention exogenously improves the signals employers receive about a given young worker's non-cognitive skills, and hence is intended to reduce information asymmetries during the recruitment process. We then trace the impacts this has on worker and firm outcomes.}, langid = {english}, @@ -5903,7 +5903,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, editor = {Berg, Janine}, year = {2015}, month = jan, - publisher = {{Edward Elgar Publishing}}, + publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, doi = {10.4337/9781784712105}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-78471-210-5 978-1-78471-209-9}, @@ -6130,7 +6130,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, author = {Betts, Alexander and Bloom, Louise and Kaplan, Josiah and Omata, Naohiko}, year = {2016}, month = nov, - publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795681.001.0001}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-19-879568-1}, @@ -6769,8 +6769,8 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, year = {2019}, month = apr, number = {25788}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w25788}, abstract = {We study two interventions for underemployed youth across five Ethiopian sites: a \$300 grant to spur self-employment, and a job offer to an industrial firm. Despite significant impacts on occupational choice, income, and health in the first year, after five years we see nearly complete convergence across all groups and outcomes. Shortrun increases in productivity and earnings from the grant dissipate as recipients exit their micro-enterprises. Adverse effects of factory work on health found after one year also appear to be temporary. These results suggest that one-time and one-dimensional interventions may struggle to overcome barriers to wage- or self-employment.}, langid = {english}, @@ -6837,7 +6837,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, editor = {Madsen, Susan R.}, year = {2017}, month = may, - publisher = {{Edward Elgar Publishing}}, + publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, doi = {10.4337/9781785363863.00028}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-78536-386-3 978-1-78536-385-6}, @@ -6849,7 +6849,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, shorttitle = {Financial {{Constraints}} and {{Girls}}' {{Secondary Education}}}, author = {Blimpo, Moussa P. and Gajigo, Ousman and Pugatch, Todd}, year = {2016}, - publisher = {{Policy Research Working Paper}}, + publisher = {Policy Research Working Paper}, doi = {10.5040/9781350995024}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, abstract = {This study analyzes the impact of large-scale fee elimination for secondary school girls in The Gambia on the quantity, composition, and achievement of students. The gradual rollout of the program across geographic regions provides identifying variation in the policy. The program increased the number of girls taking the high school exit exam by 55 percent. The share of older test takers increased in poorer districts, expanding access for students who began school late, repeated grades, or whose studies had been interrupted. Despite these changes in the quantity and composition of students, there are robustly positive point estimates of the program on test scores, with suggestive evidence of gains for several subgroups of both girls and boys. Absence of learning declines is notable in a setting where expanded access could strain limited resources and reduce school quality. The findings suggest that financial constraints remain serious barriers to post-primary education, and that efforts to expand access to secondary education need not come at the expense of learning in low-income countries like The Gambia.}, @@ -6913,7 +6913,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, year = {2019}, series = {{{IDB Working Paper Series}}}, number = {1069}, - institution = {{Inter-American Development Bank}}, + institution = {Inter-American Development Bank}, abstract = {While there is a large body of literature evaluating how active labor-market policies such as training impact worker outcomes, relatively few studies examine how such policies impact workers who are displaced by trade. The few studies on training and trade-related labor adjustment focus on the impact of trade-specific assistance programs. Most countries in the world, however, do not have assistance programs that are triggered by trade events but instead implement labor-market policies for reasons other than trade. In this paper, we use detailed data on workers' employment histories and training activities to evaluate the impact of an industrial training program in Brazil on workers who are displaced from manufacturing sectors. We find that industrial training increases the probability of re-entry into the formal labor market one year after displacement by about 13.2 percentage points (equivalent to 30\%) and is effective for workers who are displaced from sectors of high exposure to import competition. This effect is explained by workers switching sectors and occupations after training. We also find that training has positive effects on employment spells and cumulative earnings in the two years after displacement.}, keywords = {country::Brazil,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, note = {A study conducted on the basis of administrative data for Brazil which intended to analyze the impact of vocational training on job re-entry for displaced workers.\textbf{Specifically focused on workers displaced from sectors highly-exposed to trade periods, whose workers are generally more unlikely to re-enter the same sector.\textbf{The results show that, while training does not significantly impact re-entry into the same sector, it does significantly increase re-entry probability into formal employment into another sector or occupation one year after displacement.}}}, @@ -7605,8 +7605,8 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} month = may, number = {w10513}, pages = {w10513}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w10513}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -7872,7 +7872,7 @@ The study concludes that, while the programme is in line with international cost year = {2007}, month = jun, edition = {1}, - publisher = {{Wiley}}, + publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0114}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-471-27287-8 978-0-470-14765-8}, @@ -7941,7 +7941,7 @@ whereas abstract, general training knowledge has little to no impact, more local year = {2017}, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, number = {7977}, - institution = {{World Bank}}, + institution = {World Bank}, abstract = {This study presents results from a randomized evaluation of two labor market interventions targeted to young women aged 18 to 19 years in three of Nairobi's poorest neighborhoods. One treatment offered participants a bundled intervention designed to simultaneously relieve credit and human capital constraints; a second treatment provided women with an unrestricted cash grant, but no training or other support. Both interventions had economically large and statistically significant impacts on income over the medium term (7 to 10 months after the end of the interventions), but these impacts dissipated in the second year after treatment. The results are consistent with a model in which savings constraints prevent women from smoothing consumption after receiving large transfers -- even in the absence of credit constraints, and when participants have no intention of remaining in entrepreneurship. The study also shows that participants hold remarkably accurate beliefs about the impacts of the treatments on occupational choice}, keywords = {country::Kenya,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, note = {An experimental study conducted on a combination of cash grants and vocational training for young women in Kenya, with an emphasis on analyzing its earnings impacts over time.\textbf{It finds that both receiving just a cash grant or a cash grant and vocational training significantly increased short-term earnings, but these earnings impacts dissipated at the second year mark after the treatment.\textbf{The findings suggest that there are more barriers a sustained impact than just a credit constrained poverty trap overall, but women wishing to begin their business were still mostly constrained by savings initially.\textbf{While the group receiving a grant and training had larger impacts, the group only receiving a cash grant was more cost effective.}}}}, @@ -8204,7 +8204,7 @@ whereas abstract, general training knowledge has little to no impact, more local author = {Buehren, Niklas and Goldstein, Markus and Gulesci, Selim and Sulaiman, Munshi and Yam, Venus}, year = {2017}, month = feb, - publisher = {{World Bank, Washington, DC}}, + publisher = {World Bank, Washington, DC}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-7961}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -8590,7 +8590,7 @@ whereas abstract, general training knowledge has little to no impact, more local year = {2011}, month = jan, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, - publisher = {{The World Bank}}, + publisher = {The World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-5518}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -9013,7 +9013,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} volume = {46}, number = {3}, pages = {305--324}, - publisher = {{Informa UK Limited}}, + publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, doi = {10.1080/13600818.2018.1508565}, langid = {english}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/JEFWTZ7G/Canelas_Gisselquist_2018_Horizontal inequality as an outcome.pdf} @@ -9581,7 +9581,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} author = {Chalcraft, John}, year = {2008}, month = oct, - publisher = {{Stanford University Press}}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, doi = {10.1515/9781503627000}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-5036-2700-0}, @@ -9623,7 +9623,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} volume = {63}, number = {5}, pages = {665--678}, - publisher = {{Emerald Publishing Limited}}, + publisher = {Emerald Publishing Limited}, issn = {0040-0912}, doi = {10.1108/ET-04-2020-0085}, abstract = {Purpose The major objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of the technical and vocational training courses imparted to generate employment or enhance the productivity of participants. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted in the province of Sindh, Pakistan by adopting a quasi-experimental approach. The experiment was conducted on 105 individuals-with the age group of 20-25-distributed between the treatment group and the control group. The data collected through the experiment were analyzed by applying a paired-sample t-test, independent sample t-test and one-way between-group analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings The findings of this study show statistically significant higher monthly earnings of Rs14, 223 after the training intervention program. Findings also exhibit a significant difference in monthly earnings between the control and the treatment groups. Practical implications The findings of the study can provide useful input to policymakers while devising the policies regarding technical education and vocational training (TVET) and to the international donors in assessing the impact of the training initiatives. Originality/value This study presents experimental-driven evidence on the role of technical education and vocational training in improving the labor market outcomes.}, @@ -9961,8 +9961,8 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} year = {2014}, series = {{{CID Working Paper Series}}}, number = {280}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{Harvard University}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {Harvard University}, abstract = {Can government programs that fail to deliver still influence citizen behavior? Large literatures in political science and economics study the effect of various government programs on how citizens engage with the state. A tacit assumption in many of these papers is that citizens value government programs proportionally to the amount of money spent. Yet there is tremendous heterogeneity in the mapping between spending and how much value citizens actually get from a program. And even programs that do not work may still reflect substantial government investments, thereby informing citizens' beliefs about how much weight the government places on their welfare. Using a large-scale randomized evaluation of a vocational training program in southern Punjab we provide evidence that good intentions might matter; citizens offered a program that almost no one used voted for the ruling party at higher rates in subsequent elections if offered multiple training vouchers than if only offered one. Men who received the training offer became more socially engaged and used government services at higher rates. Women had the opposite reaction. These results have implications for theories of civic engagement.}, keywords = {country::India,region::AP,relevance::unsure,relevant,sample::almp}, note = {A study on the effects of a vocational training subsidy in Pakistan which, by participation rate should be seen as a failed intervention, on the perception of its target population, as well as their political participation and future use of government services.\textbf{It finds that even for ostensibly failed ALMPs the societal outcome can still be significant, with higher political voting favor for the ruling party, as well as additionally increased pro-social engagement and government service use.\textbf{While these findings apply to men in the study, women had the opposite outcome, with a decrease in both.\textbf{The study suggests this gender heterogeneity may stem from the value of courses on offer during the failed ALMP program being primarily targeted, designed for and by, men and (inadvertently or otherwise) proving inadequate for women's welfare.\textbf{Thus, the perception of attempts to meet social welfare goals by the government might be as important as the actual outcomes of its programs, in people's perception.}}}}}, @@ -10445,7 +10445,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} month = jul, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, number = {6545}, - institution = {{World Bank}}, + institution = {World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-6545}, abstract = {This paper provides experimental evidence on the effects of vocational and entrepreneurial training for Malawian youth, in an environment where access to schooling and formal sector employment is extremely low. It tracks a large fraction of program drop-outs---a common phenomenon in the training evaluation literature---and examines the determinants and consequences of dropping out and how it mediates the effects of such programs. The analysis finds that women make decisions in a more constrained environment, and their participation is affected by family obligations. Participation is more expensive for them, resulting in worse training experience. The training results in skills development, continued investment in human capital, and improved well-being, with more positive effects for men, but no improvements in labor market outcomes in the short run.}, langid = {english}, @@ -10481,7 +10481,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} journal = {Empirical Economics}, volume = {48}, pages = {849--881}, - publisher = {{IZA Discussion Paper}}, + publisher = {IZA Discussion Paper}, issn = {0377-7332}, doi = {10.1007/s00181-014-0805-y}, abstract = {Failure of participants to complete training programs is pervasive in existing active labor market programs, both in developed and developing countries. From a policy perspective, it is of interest to know if dropouts benefit from the time they spend in training since these programs require considerable resources. We shed light on this issue by estimating the average employment effects of different lengths of exposure by dropouts in a Korean job training program, and contrasting it to the ones by program completers. To do this, we employ methods to estimate effects from continuous treatments using the generalized propensity score, under the assumption that selection into different lengths of exposure is based on a rich set of observed covariates. We find that dropouts with longer exposures exhibit higher employment probabilities one year after receiving training, but only after surpassing a threshold of exposure of about 12-15 weeks. In contrast, program completers exhibit higher returns from their time of exposure to the program than dropouts, but these tend to decline for longer program durations.}, @@ -11574,7 +11574,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} issn = {0714-9808, 1710-1107}, doi = {10.1353/cja.2007.0015}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, - abstract = {ABSTRACT In response to the anticipated pressures of population aging, national governments and supranational bodies such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU) have promoted policies to encourage the labour force participation of older workers. The recent elimination of mandatory retirement in Ontario is an example of such a policy, and others include changes to national pension systems and changes to disability and employment insurance programs, active labour-market policies, and the promotion of phased or gradual retirement. This paper reviews the different policy approaches taken in the six countries included in the Workforce Aging in the New Economy (WANE) project, placing Canadian policy approaches in relation to those taken in Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. From the life course perspective, the policy approaches discussed here do not consider the heterogeneity of older workers' life courses or the related domains of health and family. As well, the changes made thus far do not appear likely to lead to increased labour force participation by older workers, and some may leave older workers at greater risk of low income and low-wage work. , R{\'E}SUM{\'E} En r{\'e}ponse aux pressions bient{\^o}t exerc{\'e}es par le vieillissement de la population, des gouvernements nationaux et des organismes supranationaux comme l'Organisation de coop{\'e}ration et de d{\'e}veloppement {\'e}conomiques (OCDE) et l'Union europ{\'e}enne (UE) ont pr{\'e}conis{\'e} l'adoption de politiques visant {\`a} encourager les travailleurs {\^a}g{\'e}s {\`a} demeurer ou {\`a} revenir sur le march{\'e} du travail. L'{\'e}limination r{\'e}cente de l'obligation {\`a} la retraite en Ontario en est un exemple, et certaines autres politiques comportent des modifications aux r{\'e}gimes nationaux de pension ainsi qu'aux programmes d'assurance-invalidit{\'e} et d'assurance-emploi, des politiques d'intervention active sur le march{\'e} du travail et la promotion de la retraite graduelle. Le pr{\'e}sent article examine les diff{\'e}rentes approches politiques prises par les six pays participant au projet Workforce Aging in the New Economy (WANE), un projet sur le vieillissement de la population active face {\`a} la nouvelle {\'e}conomie qui place les approches politiques canadiennes en relation avec celles de l'Australie, de l'Allemagne, des Pays-Bas, du Royaume-Uni et des {\'E}tats-unis. Les approches politiques faisant l'objet de discussion ici ne tiennent pas compte de l'h{\'e}t{\'e}rog{\'e}n{\'e}it{\'e} du cours de la vie des travailleurs {\^a}g{\'e}s ou des domaines connexes de la sant{\'e} et de la famille. De m{\^e}me, les modifications apport{\'e}es jusqu'{\`a} maintenant ne semblent pas vouloir mener {\`a} une participation accrue des travailleurs {\^a}g{\'e}s au march{\'e} du travail, et certaines peuvent entra\^{\i}ner, pour les travailleurs {\^a}g{\'e}s, un plus grand risque de trouver seulement un emploi moins bien r{\'e}mun{\'e}r{\'e}.}, + abstract = {ABSTRACT In response to the anticipated pressures of population aging, national governments and supranational bodies such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU) have promoted policies to encourage the labour force participation of older workers. The recent elimination of mandatory retirement in Ontario is an example of such a policy, and others include changes to national pension systems and changes to disability and employment insurance programs, active labour-market policies, and the promotion of phased or gradual retirement. This paper reviews the different policy approaches taken in the six countries included in the Workforce Aging in the New Economy (WANE) project, placing Canadian policy approaches in relation to those taken in Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. From the life course perspective, the policy approaches discussed here do not consider the heterogeneity of older workers' life courses or the related domains of health and family. As well, the changes made thus far do not appear likely to lead to increased labour force participation by older workers, and some may leave older workers at greater risk of low income and low-wage work. , R{\'E}SUM{\'E} En r{\'e}ponse aux pressions bient{\^o}t exerc{\'e}es par le vieillissement de la population, des gouvernements nationaux et des organismes supranationaux comme l'Organisation de coop{\'e}ration et de d{\'e}veloppement {\'e}conomiques (OCDE) et l'Union europ{\'e}enne (UE) ont pr{\'e}conis{\'e} l'adoption de politiques visant {\`a} encourager les travailleurs {\^a}g{\'e}s {\`a} demeurer ou {\`a} revenir sur le march{\'e} du travail. L'{\'e}limination r{\'e}cente de l'obligation {\`a} la retraite en Ontario en est un exemple, et certaines autres politiques comportent des modifications aux r{\'e}gimes nationaux de pension ainsi qu'aux programmes d'assurance-invalidit{\'e} et d'assurance-emploi, des politiques d'intervention active sur le march{\'e} du travail et la promotion de la retraite graduelle. Le pr{\'e}sent article examine les diff{\'e}rentes approches politiques prises par les six pays participant au projet Workforce Aging in the New Economy (WANE), un projet sur le vieillissement de la population active face {\`a} la nouvelle {\'e}conomie qui place les approches politiques canadiennes en relation avec celles de l'Australie, de l'Allemagne, des Pays-Bas, du Royaume-Uni et des {\'E}tats-unis. Les approches politiques faisant l'objet de discussion ici ne tiennent pas compte de l'h{\'e}t{\'e}rog{\'e}n{\'e}it{\'e} du cours de la vie des travailleurs {\^a}g{\'e}s ou des domaines connexes de la sant{\'e} et de la famille. De m{\^e}me, les modifications apport{\'e}es jusqu'{\`a} maintenant ne semblent pas vouloir mener {\`a} une participation accrue des travailleurs {\^a}g{\'e}s au march{\'e} du travail, et certaines peuvent entra{\^i}ner, pour les travailleurs {\^a}g{\'e}s, un plus grand risque de trouver seulement un emploi moins bien r{\'e}mun{\'e}r{\'e}.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -11890,8 +11890,8 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} editor = {Cozzens, Susan E. and Wetmore, Jameson}, year = {2010}, pages = {433--446}, - publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}}, - address = {{Dordrecht}}, + publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, + address = {Dordrecht}, doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-9615-9_26}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-90-481-9614-2 978-90-481-9615-9}, @@ -11903,8 +11903,8 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} title = {Nanotechnology and the {{Challenges}} of {{Equity}}, {{Equality}} and {{Development}}}, editor = {Cozzens, Susan E. and Wetmore, Jameson}, year = {2011}, - publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}}, - address = {{Dordrecht}}, + publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, + address = {Dordrecht}, doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-9615-9}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-90-481-9614-2 978-90-481-9615-9}, @@ -11988,7 +11988,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} year = {2014}, month = sep, edition = {0}, - publisher = {{Routledge}}, + publisher = {Routledge}, doi = {10.4324/9781315768311}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-315-76831-1}, @@ -12020,7 +12020,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} year = {2019}, series = {Discussion {{Paper Series}}}, number = {12793}, - institution = {{Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)}}, + institution = {Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)}, abstract = {Traditional apprenticeships based on private arrangements are widespread in developing countries. Public interventions have attempted to address failures in the apprenticeship markets to expand access or improve training quality. Subsidized dual apprenticeships have the potential to address financial constraints for youths and firms' inability to commit to provide general skill training. This paper analyzes the impact of subsidized dual apprenticeships combining on-the-job and theoretical training in C{\^o}te d'Ivoire. We set up an experiment that simultaneously randomized whether interested youths were assigned to a formal apprenticeship, and whether apprenticeship positions opened by firms were filled with formal apprentices. We document direct effects for youths and indirect effects for firms, such as whether they substitute between traditional and subsidized apprentices. In the short run, youths increase their human capital investments and we observe a net entry of apprentices into firms. Substitution effects are limited: the intervention creates 0.74 to 0.77 new position per subsidized apprentice. The subsidy offsets forgone labor earnings. Four years after the start of the experiment, treated youths perform more complex tasks and their earnings are higher by 15 percent. We conclude that subsidized dual apprenticeships expand access to training, upgrade skills and improve earnings for youths without crowding out traditional apprentices.}, keywords = {country::Ivory Coast,program::training,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, note = {An experimental study on the effects of dual apprenticeships (internship, vocational training and subsidy component) on earnings and job creation for youth in C{\^o}te d'Ivoire.\textbf{It finds that subsidized apprenticeships overall create new job positions, as well as being able to offset foregone earnings for participating youth.\textbf{After 4 years participants had a significant positive impact on earnings, as well as on the complexity of tasks they pursued.\textbf{The study suggests this is due to allowing a quicker return on participants' increased human capital by removing apprenticeship opportunity costs through the subsidy.}}}}, @@ -12777,7 +12777,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} author = {Davala, Sarath and Jhabvala, Renana and Mehta, Soumya Kapoor and Standing, Guy}, year = {2015}, edition = {1}, - publisher = {{Bloomsbury Publishing Plc}}, + publisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing Plc}, doi = {10.5040/9781472593061}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {Would it be possible to provide people with a basic income as a right? The idea has a long history. This book draws on two pilot schemes conducted in the Indian State of Madhya Pradesh, in which thousands of men, women and children were provided with an unconditional monthly cash payment. In a context in which the Indian government at national and state levels spends a vast amount on subsidies and selective schemes that are chronically expensive, inefficient, inequitable and subject to extensive corruption, there is scope for switching at least some of the spending to a modest basic income. This book explores what would be likely to happen if this were done. The book draws on a series of evaluation surveys conducted over the course of the eighteen months in which the main pilot was in operation, supplemented with detailed case studies of individuals and families. It looks at the impact on health and nutrition, on schooling, on economic activity, women's agency and the welfare of those with disabilities. Above all, the book considers whether or not a basic income could be transformative, in not only improving individual and family welfare but in promoting economic growth and development, as well as having an emancipatory effect for people long mired in conditions of poverty and economic insecurity.}, @@ -12974,7 +12974,7 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy}, author = {Deaton, Angus}, year = {1997}, month = jul, - publisher = {{The World Bank}}, + publisher = {The World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/0-8018-5254-4}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-8018-5254-1}, @@ -13065,7 +13065,7 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy}, month = apr, eprint = {10.2307/j.ctv120qtc1}, eprinttype = {jstor}, - publisher = {{Duke University Press}}, + publisher = {Duke University Press}, doi = {10.2307/j.ctv120qtc1}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-8223-9134-0 978-0-8223-4561-9}, @@ -13149,6 +13149,22 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } +@article{Dehejia2015, + title = {Experimental and {{Non-Experimental Methods}} in {{Development Economics}}: {{A Porous Dialectic}}}, + shorttitle = {Experimental and {{Non-Experimental Methods}} in {{Development Economics}}}, + author = {Dehejia, Rajeev}, + year = {2015}, + month = jan, + journal = {Journal of Globalization and Development}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + issn = {1948-1837, 2194-6353}, + doi = {10.1515/jgd-2014-0005}, + urldate = {2024-02-28}, + abstract = {Abstract This paper surveys six widely-used non-experimental methods for estimating treatment effects (instrumental variables, regression discontinuity, direct matching, propensity score matching, linear regression and non-parametric methods, and difference-in-differences), and assesses their internal and external validity relative both to each other and to randomized controlled trials. While randomized controlled trials can achieve the highest degree of internal validity when cleanly implemented in the field, the availability of large, nationally representative data sets offers the opportunity for a high degree of external validity using non-experimental methods. We argue that each method has merits in some context and they are complements rather than substitutes.}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/92TACU6Y/Dehejia2015_Experimental_and_Non-Experimental_Methods_in_Development_Economics.pdf} +} + @article{DeHenau2010, title = {Maybe {{Baby}}: {{Comparing Partnered Women}}'s {{Employment}} and {{Child Policies}} in the {{EU-15}}}, shorttitle = {Maybe {{Baby}}}, @@ -13385,7 +13401,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {202--235}, - publisher = {{American Economic Association}}, + publisher = {American Economic Association}, issn = {19457782, 19457790}, doi = {10.1257/app.20170497}, abstract = {A field experiment in Sri Lanka provided wage subsidies to randomly chosen microenterprises to test whether hiring additional labor benefits such firms and whether a short-term subsidy can have a lasting impact on firm employment. Using 12 rounds of surveys to track dynamics 4 years after treatment, we find that firms increased employment during the subsidy period. Treated firms were more likely to survive, but there was no lasting impact on employment and no effect on profitability or sales either during or after the subsidy period. There is some heterogeneity in effects; the subsidies have a more durable effect on manufacturers.}, @@ -13541,7 +13557,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi author = {De Paz, Carmen and Muller, Miriam and Munoz Boudet, Ana Maria and Gaddis, Isis}, year = {2020}, month = apr, - publisher = {{World Bank, Washington, DC}}, + publisher = {World Bank, Washington, DC}, doi = {10.1596/33622}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, langid = {english}, @@ -13555,7 +13571,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi year = {2021}, month = jun, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, - publisher = {{The World Bank}}, + publisher = {The World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-9709}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, langid = {english}, @@ -13663,7 +13679,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi shorttitle = {Gender {{Inequalities}} and {{Demographic Behavior}}}, author = {Desai, Sonalde}, year = {1994}, - institution = {{Population Council}}, + institution = {Population Council}, doi = {10.31899/pgy1994.1003}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, abstract = {As India prepares for the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), it is clear that the country's population policy faces a number of serious challenges. Although India was the first country to announce an official family planning program in 1952, its population has grown from 361 million in 1951 to 844 million in 1991. This is one of three reports on the relationship between gender equity, family structure and dynamics, and the achievement of reproductive choice prepared by the Population Council for the 1994 International Year of the Family and the 1994 ICPD. These reports provide critical reviews of the relationship between gender inequality and demographic behavior in three demographically significant, culturally distinct parts of the developing world: Egypt, India, and Ghana and Kenya. The purpose of the reports is to help governments and international agencies design and implement policies that are affirmative of women, sensitive to the family's central role in resource allocation and distribution, and effective in achieving broad-based population and development goals.}, @@ -13736,7 +13752,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi year = {2021}, month = jul, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, - publisher = {{The World Bank}}, + publisher = {The World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-9736}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, langid = {english}, @@ -13843,8 +13859,8 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi month = apr, number = {w16933}, pages = {w16933}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w16933}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -13971,7 +13987,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi title = {A Call to Action to Save {{SDG10}}}, author = {{DFI}}, year = {2023}, - institution = {{Development Finance International}} + institution = {Development Finance International} } @article{Dhatt2017, @@ -14006,7 +14022,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi year = {2016}, series = {{{IDB Working Paper Series}}}, number = {693}, - institution = {{Inter-American Development Bank}}, + institution = {Inter-American Development Bank}, abstract = {Abstract: This paper brings new evidence on the impact of The Peruvian Job Youth Training Program (Projoven). Compared with prior evaluations of the program, this one has several advantages. This is the first experimental impact evaluation of Projoven, and also the first to measure impacts over a longer period: almost three years after training. Additionally, the evaluation supplements data from a follow-up survey with administrative data from the country's Electronic Payroll (Planilla Electr{\'o}nica), allowing for a more accurate measure of formal employment. It also measures whether socio- emotional skills of beneficiaries improved with program participation. The evaluation finds a high long term positive impact of Projoven on formal employment. It also finds certain heterogeneity of program impacts across subpopulations. Impacts on formal employment vary depending on the beneficiaries' gender and age, with different patterns of statistical significance depending on the data source used to measure employment formality. Finally, it does not find significant impacts on socio-emotional skills.}, keywords = {country::Peru,group::youth,inequality::age,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:26:12Z}, @@ -14239,8 +14255,8 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi title = {The {{Bureaucratic Labor Market}}}, author = {DiPrete, Thomas A.}, year = {1989}, - publisher = {{Springer US}}, - address = {{Boston, MA}}, + publisher = {Springer US}, + address = {Boston, MA}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4899-0849-0}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-4899-0851-3 978-1-4899-0849-0}, @@ -15019,8 +15035,8 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi month = may, number = {w10498}, pages = {w10498}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w10498}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {We study resource allocation within households in C{\^o}te d'Ivoire. In C{\^o}te d'Ivoire, as in much of Africa, husbands and wives farm separate plots, and there is some specialization by gender in the crops that are grown. These different crops are differentially sensitive to particular kinds of rainfall shocks. We find that conditional on overall levels of expenditure, the composition of household expenditure is sensitive to the gender of the recipient of a rainfall shock. For example, rainfall shocks associated with high yields of women's crops shift expenditure towards food. Strong social norms constrain the use of profits from yam cultivation, which is carried out almost exclusively by men. In line with these norms, we find that rainfall-induced fluctuations in income from yams are transmitted to expenditures on education and food, not to expenditures on private goods (like alcohol and tobacco). We reject the hypothesis of complete insurance within households, even with respect to publicly observable weather shocks. Different sources of income are allocated to different uses depending upon both the identity of the income earner and upon the origin of the income.}, @@ -15054,8 +15070,8 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi month = dec, number = {w20784}, pages = {w20784}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w20784}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -16748,7 +16764,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} title = {Evaluation of a Savings and Micro-Credit Program for Vulnerable Young Women in {{Nairobi}}}, author = {Erulkar, Annabel and Chong, Erica}, year = {2005}, - institution = {{Population Council}}, + institution = {Population Council}, doi = {10.31899/pgy19.1010}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, abstract = {Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY) was a four-year initiative undertaken by the Population Council and K-Rep Development Agency to reduce adolescents' vulnerabilities to adverse social and reproductive health outcomes by improving livelihoods options. The project targeted out-of-school adolescent girls and young women aged 16--22 residing in low-income and slum areas of Nairobi. TRY used a modified group-based micro-finance model to extend integrated savings, credit, business support, and mentoring to out-of-school adolescents and young women. A longitudinal study of participants was conducted with a matched comparison group identified through cross-sectional community-based studies, undertaken at baseline and endline to enable an assessment of changes associated with the project. This report states that 326 participants and their controls were interviewed at baseline and 222 pairs were interviewed at endline. The results suggest that rigorous micro-finance models may be appropriate for a subset of girls, especially those who are older and less vulnerable. The impact on noneconomic indicators is less clear. Additional experimentation and adaptation is required to develop livelihoods models that acknowledge and respond to the particular situation of adolescent girls.}, @@ -16760,7 +16776,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} shorttitle = {Tap and {{Reposition Youth}} ({{TRY}})}, author = {Erulkar, Annabel and Bruce, Judith and Dondo, Aleke and Sebstad, Jennefer and Matheka, James and Khan, Arjmand and Gathuku, Anne}, year = {2006}, - institution = {{Population Council}}, + institution = {Population Council}, doi = {10.31899/pgy1.1007}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} @@ -16955,7 +16971,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} title = {The {{European Commission Inequality Marker}}: {{Guidelines}} for the {{Application}} and {{Scoring}} of {{Interventions}}}, author = {{European Commission. Directorate-General for International Partnerships}}, year = {2023}, - publisher = {{Publications Office of the European Union}}, + publisher = {Publications Office of the European Union}, isbn = {978-92-76-59307-2} } @@ -16991,7 +17007,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} author = {Evans, David K. and Ngatia, M{\~u}thoni}, year = {2018}, month = apr, - publisher = {{World Bank, Washington, DC}}, + publisher = {World Bank, Washington, DC}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-8421}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -17141,8 +17157,8 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} month = jul, number = {w17207}, pages = {w17207}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w17207}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -17646,8 +17662,8 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} month = sep, number = {w26294}, pages = {w26294}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w26294}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Can greater control over earned income incentivize women to work and influence gender norms? In collaboration with Indian government partners, we provided rural women with individual bank accounts and randomly varied whether their wages from a public workfare program were directly deposited into these accounts or into the male household head's account (the status quo). Women in a random subset of villages were also trained on account use. In the short run, relative to women just offered bank accounts, those who also received direct deposit and training increased their labor supply in the public and private sectors. In the long run, gender norms liberalized: women who received direct deposit and training became more accepting of female work, and their husbands perceived fewer social costs to having a wife who works. These effects were concentrated in households with otherwise lower levels of, and stronger norms against, female work. Women in these households also worked more in the long run and became more empowered. These patterns are consistent with models of household decision-making in which increases in bargaining power from greater control over income interact with, and influence, gender norms.}, @@ -17774,8 +17790,8 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} shorttitle = {Disruptive {{Voices}}}, author = {Fine, Michelle}, year = {1992}, - publisher = {{University of Michigan Press}}, - address = {{Ann Arbor, MI}}, + publisher = {University of Michigan Press}, + address = {Ann Arbor, MI}, doi = {10.3998/mpub.23686}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-472-06465-6}, @@ -18367,8 +18383,8 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} editor = {Agola, Nathaniel O. and Hunter, Alan}, year = {2016}, pages = {57--74}, - publisher = {{Palgrave Macmillan UK}}, - address = {{London}}, + publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK}, + address = {London}, doi = {10.1057/978-1-137-60168-1_4}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-137-60167-4 978-1-137-60168-1}, @@ -18633,7 +18649,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} issn = {1360-2276, 1365-3156}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02927.x}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {Abstract Objectives{\enspace} There has been increased attention to access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) at schools in developing countries, but a dearth of empirical studies on the impact. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of school-based WASH on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya, from 2007 to 2008. Methods{\enspace} Public primary schools nested in three geographical strata were randomly assigned and allocated to one of three study arms [water treatment and hygiene promotion (WT \& HP), additional sanitation improvement, or control] to assess the effects on pupil absence at 2-year follow-up. Results{\enspace} We found no overall effect of the intervention on absence. However, among schools in two of the geographical areas not affected by post-election violence, those that received WT and HP showed a 58\% reduction in the odds of absence for girls (OR 0.42, CI 0.21--0.85). In the same strata, sanitation improvement in combination with WT and HP resulted in a comparable drop in absence, although results were marginally significant (OR 0.47, 0.21--1.05). Boys were not impacted by the intervention. Conclusion{\enspace} School WASH improvements can improve school attendance for girls, and mechanisms for gendered impacts should be explored. Incomplete intervention compliance highlights the challenges of achieving consistent results across all settings. , Objectifs:{\enspace} Une attention croissante a {\'e}t{\'e} accord{\'e}e {\`a} l'acc{\`e}s {\`a} l'eau, {\`a} l'assainissement et {\`a} l'hygi{\`e}ne dans les {\'e}coles des pays en d{\'e}veloppement, mais il y a un manque d'{\'e}tudes empiriques sur l'impact. Nous avons men{\'e} un essai randomis{\'e} en grappes sur l'acc{\`e}s {\`a} l'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygi{\`e}ne en milieu scolaire, sur les absences des {\'e}l{\`e}ves, dans la province de Nyanza, au Kenya, de 2007 {\`a} 2008. M{\'e}thodes:{\enspace} Les {\'e}coles publiques primaires imbriqu{\'e}es dans trois strates g{\'e}ographiques ont {\'e}t{\'e} assign{\'e}es al{\'e}atoirement et affect{\'e}es {\`a} l'un des trois bras de l'{\'e}tude (traitement de l'eau et promotion de l'hygi{\`e}ne, am{\'e}lioration additionnelle de l'assainissement ou t{\'e}moins) afin d'{\'e}valuer les effets sur les absences des {\'e}l{\`e}ves au bout de deux ans de suivi. R{\'e}sultats:{\enspace} Nous n'avons trouv{\'e} aucun effet g{\'e}n{\'e}ral de l'intervention sur les absences. Cependant, parmi les {\'e}coles dans deux des zones g{\'e}ographiques non touch{\'e}es par la violence post{\'e}lectorale, celles qui ont re{\c c}u un traitement de l'eau et la promotion de l'hygi{\`e}ne ont montr{\'e} une r{\'e}duction de 58\% des chances pour les absences pour les filles (OR: 0.42; IC: 0.21 {\`a} 0.85). Dans la m{\^e}me strate, l'am{\'e}lioration de l'assainissement en combinaison avec le traitement de l'eau et la promotion de l'hygi{\`e}ne a entra\^{\i}n{\'e} une baisse comparable des absences, m{\^e}me si les r{\'e}sultats {\'e}taient marginalement significatifs (OR: 0.47; IC: 0.21 {\`a} 1.05). Les absences des gar{\c c}ons n'ont pas {\'e}t{\'e} affect{\'e}es par l'intervention. Conclusion:{\enspace} Les am{\'e}liorations de l'acc{\`e}s {\`a} l'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygi{\`e}ne {\`a} l'{\'e}cole peuvent am{\'e}liorer la fr{\'e}quentation scolaire des filles et des m{\'e}canismes pour les impacts li{\'e}s au sexe devraient {\^e}tre explor{\'e}s. Le respect incomplet de l'intervention souligne les d{\'e}fis pour atteindre des r{\'e}sultats coh{\'e}rents dans tous les cadres. , Objetivos:{\enspace} Ha habido un aumento en la atenci{\'o}n prestada al agua, la sanidad y la higiene (ASH) en los colegios de pa{\'i}ses en v{\'i}as de desarrollo, pero una escasez de estudios emp{\'i}ricos sobre su impacto. Hemos realizado un ensayo aleatorizado por conglomerados en colegios con ASH sobre el ausentismo de los alumnos de la Provincia de Nyanza, Kenia, entre el 2007--2008. M{\'e}todos:{\enspace} Las escuelas p{\'u}blicas primarias dentro de tres estratos geogr{\'a}ficos fueron asignadas de forma aleatoria a uno de los tres brazos del estudio (tratamiento del agua y promoci{\'o}n de la higiene, mejoras sanitarias adicionales, o control) para evaluar los efectos sobre el ausentismo de los alumnos tras dos a{\~n}os de seguimiento. Resultados:{\enspace} No encontramos un efecto general de la intervenci{\'o}n en ausencia de los alumnos. Sin embargo, entre las escuelas en dos de las {\'a}reas geogr{\'a}ficas no afectadas por la violencia posterior a las elecciones, aquellos que recibieron tratamiento del agua y promoci{\'o}n de la higiene mostraron una reducci{\'o}n del 58\% en la probabilidad de ausentismo de las ni{\~n}as (OR 0.42, CI 0.21--0.85). En el mismo estrato, la mejora sanitaria en combinaci{\'o}n con el tratamiento del agua y la promoci{\'o}n de la higiene result{\'o} en una ca{\'i}da comparable en el ausentismo, aunque los resultados eran marginalmente significativos (OR 0.47, 0.21--1.05). La intervenci{\'o}n no ten{\'i}a un impacto sobre los chicos. Conclusi{\'o}n:{\enspace} En los colegios con mejoras en ASH puede mejorar la participaci{\'o}n de las ni{\~n}as, y deber{\'i}an investigarse mecanismos con impactos condicionados por el g{\'e}nero. Un cumplimiento incompleto de la intervenci{\'o}n pone de manifiesto los retos existentes para alcanzar resultados consistentes en todos los emplazamientos.}, + abstract = {Abstract Objectives{\enspace} There has been increased attention to access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) at schools in developing countries, but a dearth of empirical studies on the impact. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of school-based WASH on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya, from 2007 to 2008. Methods{\enspace} Public primary schools nested in three geographical strata were randomly assigned and allocated to one of three study arms [water treatment and hygiene promotion (WT \& HP), additional sanitation improvement, or control] to assess the effects on pupil absence at 2-year follow-up. Results{\enspace} We found no overall effect of the intervention on absence. However, among schools in two of the geographical areas not affected by post-election violence, those that received WT and HP showed a 58\% reduction in the odds of absence for girls (OR 0.42, CI 0.21--0.85). In the same strata, sanitation improvement in combination with WT and HP resulted in a comparable drop in absence, although results were marginally significant (OR 0.47, 0.21--1.05). Boys were not impacted by the intervention. Conclusion{\enspace} School WASH improvements can improve school attendance for girls, and mechanisms for gendered impacts should be explored. Incomplete intervention compliance highlights the challenges of achieving consistent results across all settings. , Objectifs:{\enspace} Une attention croissante a {\'e}t{\'e} accord{\'e}e {\`a} l'acc{\`e}s {\`a} l'eau, {\`a} l'assainissement et {\`a} l'hygi{\`e}ne dans les {\'e}coles des pays en d{\'e}veloppement, mais il y a un manque d'{\'e}tudes empiriques sur l'impact. Nous avons men{\'e} un essai randomis{\'e} en grappes sur l'acc{\`e}s {\`a} l'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygi{\`e}ne en milieu scolaire, sur les absences des {\'e}l{\`e}ves, dans la province de Nyanza, au Kenya, de 2007 {\`a} 2008. M{\'e}thodes:{\enspace} Les {\'e}coles publiques primaires imbriqu{\'e}es dans trois strates g{\'e}ographiques ont {\'e}t{\'e} assign{\'e}es al{\'e}atoirement et affect{\'e}es {\`a} l'un des trois bras de l'{\'e}tude (traitement de l'eau et promotion de l'hygi{\`e}ne, am{\'e}lioration additionnelle de l'assainissement ou t{\'e}moins) afin d'{\'e}valuer les effets sur les absences des {\'e}l{\`e}ves au bout de deux ans de suivi. R{\'e}sultats:{\enspace} Nous n'avons trouv{\'e} aucun effet g{\'e}n{\'e}ral de l'intervention sur les absences. Cependant, parmi les {\'e}coles dans deux des zones g{\'e}ographiques non touch{\'e}es par la violence post{\'e}lectorale, celles qui ont re{\c c}u un traitement de l'eau et la promotion de l'hygi{\`e}ne ont montr{\'e} une r{\'e}duction de 58\% des chances pour les absences pour les filles (OR: 0.42; IC: 0.21 {\`a} 0.85). Dans la m{\^e}me strate, l'am{\'e}lioration de l'assainissement en combinaison avec le traitement de l'eau et la promotion de l'hygi{\`e}ne a entra{\^i}n{\'e} une baisse comparable des absences, m{\^e}me si les r{\'e}sultats {\'e}taient marginalement significatifs (OR: 0.47; IC: 0.21 {\`a} 1.05). Les absences des gar{\c c}ons n'ont pas {\'e}t{\'e} affect{\'e}es par l'intervention. Conclusion:{\enspace} Les am{\'e}liorations de l'acc{\`e}s {\`a} l'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygi{\`e}ne {\`a} l'{\'e}cole peuvent am{\'e}liorer la fr{\'e}quentation scolaire des filles et des m{\'e}canismes pour les impacts li{\'e}s au sexe devraient {\^e}tre explor{\'e}s. Le respect incomplet de l'intervention souligne les d{\'e}fis pour atteindre des r{\'e}sultats coh{\'e}rents dans tous les cadres. , Objetivos:{\enspace} Ha habido un aumento en la atenci{\'o}n prestada al agua, la sanidad y la higiene (ASH) en los colegios de pa{\'i}ses en v{\'i}as de desarrollo, pero una escasez de estudios emp{\'i}ricos sobre su impacto. Hemos realizado un ensayo aleatorizado por conglomerados en colegios con ASH sobre el ausentismo de los alumnos de la Provincia de Nyanza, Kenia, entre el 2007--2008. M{\'e}todos:{\enspace} Las escuelas p{\'u}blicas primarias dentro de tres estratos geogr{\'a}ficos fueron asignadas de forma aleatoria a uno de los tres brazos del estudio (tratamiento del agua y promoci{\'o}n de la higiene, mejoras sanitarias adicionales, o control) para evaluar los efectos sobre el ausentismo de los alumnos tras dos a{\~n}os de seguimiento. Resultados:{\enspace} No encontramos un efecto general de la intervenci{\'o}n en ausencia de los alumnos. Sin embargo, entre las escuelas en dos de las {\'a}reas geogr{\'a}ficas no afectadas por la violencia posterior a las elecciones, aquellos que recibieron tratamiento del agua y promoci{\'o}n de la higiene mostraron una reducci{\'o}n del 58\% en la probabilidad de ausentismo de las ni{\~n}as (OR 0.42, CI 0.21--0.85). En el mismo estrato, la mejora sanitaria en combinaci{\'o}n con el tratamiento del agua y la promoci{\'o}n de la higiene result{\'o} en una ca{\'i}da comparable en el ausentismo, aunque los resultados eran marginalmente significativos (OR 0.47, 0.21--1.05). La intervenci{\'o}n no ten{\'i}a un impacto sobre los chicos. Conclusi{\'o}n:{\enspace} En los colegios con mejoras en ASH puede mejorar la participaci{\'o}n de las ni{\~n}as, y deber{\'i}an investigarse mecanismos con impactos condicionados por el g{\'e}nero. Un cumplimiento incompleto de la intervenci{\'o}n pone de manifiesto los retos existentes para alcanzar resultados consistentes en todos los emplazamientos.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -18889,7 +18905,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} month = jan, volume = {41}, pages = {343--375}, - publisher = {{Emerald Group Publishing Limited}}, + publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, doi = {10.1108/S0147-912120140000041017}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-78441-456-6 978-1-78441-455-9}, @@ -19887,7 +19903,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} year = {2014}, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, number = {6959}, - institution = {{World Bank}}, + institution = {World Bank}, keywords = {country::Pakistan,program::cash grant,program::training,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp}, note = {An experimental control trial on the effect of either business training or a large cash grant on the earnings potential of micro-entrepreneurs in rural Pakistan. \par @@ -20192,8 +20208,8 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin month = apr, number = {w4707}, pages = {w4707}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w4707}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, langid = {english}, @@ -20700,8 +20716,8 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin author = {Graham, Mark and Anwar, Mohammad Amir}, year = {2019}, pages = {177--187}, - publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}}, - address = {{1 Oliver's Yard,~55 City Road~London~EC1Y 1SP}}, + publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd}, + address = {1 Oliver's Yard,~55 City Road~London~EC1Y 1SP}, doi = {10.4135/9781529793536.n16}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, collaborator = {Ash, James and Kitchin, Rob and Leszczynski, Agnieszka}, @@ -21178,7 +21194,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin volume = {98}, number = {3}, pages = {488--502}, - publisher = {{The MIT Press}}, + publisher = {The MIT Press}, issn = {00346535, 15309142}, doi = {10.1162/REST_a_00584}, abstract = {This study examines the impact of a randomized experiment in Jordan in which female community college graduates were assigned to receive a wage subsidy voucher. The wage voucher led to a 38 percentage point increase in employment in the short run, but the average effect is much smaller and no longer statistically significant after the voucher period has expired. The extra job experience gained as a result of the wage subsidy does not provide a stepping-stone to new jobs for these recent graduates, which appears to be due to productivity levels not rising above a binding minimum wage.}, @@ -21798,7 +21814,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin year = {2016}, month = dec, pages = {19--34}, - publisher = {{transcript Verlag}}, + publisher = {transcript Verlag}, doi = {10.1515/9783839431238-003}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-3-8394-3123-8}, @@ -22358,8 +22374,8 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin editor = {Hankivsky, Olena and {Jordan-Zachery}, Julia S.}, year = {2019}, pages = {95--132}, - publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, - address = {{Cham}}, + publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, + address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-98473-5_5}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-3-319-98472-8 978-3-319-98473-5}, @@ -22408,7 +22424,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin month = sep, volume = {10}, pages = {181--202}, - publisher = {{Emerald Publishing Limited}}, + publisher = {Emerald Publishing Limited}, doi = {10.1108/S1479-354720170000010008}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Purpose Many youth with a disability would like to work but encounter challenges finding employment. Vocational interventions can help youth with disabilities gain employment skills and jobs. In this chapter, we assess: (1) how vocational programs for youth with physical disabilities influence employment-related skills and outcomes; and (2) the common components of vocational programs for these youth. Design/methodology Our research team conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature with six major databases: Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase. Publications selected for inclusion met the following criteria: (1) peer-reviewed journal article, dissertation, or conference paper, published between 1990 and January 2014; (2) addresses vocational program or intervention for youth with physical disabilities; and (3) sample includes at least 50\% youth (aged 15--25) with an acquired or congenital physical disability. Findings Of the 4,588 studies identified in our search, 8 met the inclusion criteria. In six of the studies, the majority of participants gained paid or unpaid employment after participating in a vocational program. Five studies showed improved knowledge and perceptions of employment. Most studies showed improvements in at least one vocational outcome such as knowledge about job searching, job interviews, advocating for workplace adaptations, and how to access services and supports. Common intervention components included: experiential learning, mentorship, and family involvement. Most programs took place in the community or rehabilitation centers that varied in length and were delivered by a variety of professionals. Most programs had a combination of group and individual components. Implications There is some evidence to suggest that vocational programs can influence employment outcomes for youth with physical disabilities. However, further research is needed with more rigorous and longitudinal designs.}, @@ -22477,8 +22493,8 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies editor = {Hankivsky, Olena and {Jordan-Zachery}, Julia S.}, year = {2019}, series = {The {{Politics}} of {{Intersectionality}}}, - publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, - address = {{Cham}}, + publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, + address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-98473-5}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-3-319-98472-8 978-3-319-98473-5}, @@ -22494,8 +22510,8 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies editor = {Hankivsky, Olena and {Jordan-Zachery}, Julia S.}, year = {2019}, pages = {133--166}, - publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, - address = {{Cham}}, + publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, + address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-98473-5_6}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-3-319-98472-8 978-3-319-98473-5}, @@ -22511,8 +22527,8 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies editor = {Hankivsky, Olena and {Jordan-Zachery}, Julia S.}, year = {2019}, pages = {1--28}, - publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, - address = {{Cham}}, + publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, + address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-98473-5_1}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-3-319-98472-8 978-3-319-98473-5}, @@ -22530,7 +22546,7 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies month = dec, edition = {1}, pages = {21--39}, - publisher = {{Wiley}}, + publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/9781119959847.ch2}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-0-470-65638-9 978-1-119-95984-7}, @@ -22656,8 +22672,8 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies editor = {Cozzens, Susan E. and Wetmore, Jameson}, year = {2010}, pages = {251--269}, - publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}}, - address = {{Dordrecht}}, + publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, + address = {Dordrecht}, doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-9615-9_15}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-90-481-9614-2 978-90-481-9615-9}, @@ -23091,8 +23107,8 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c month = aug, number = {w20383}, pages = {w20383}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w20383}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -23123,7 +23139,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c year = {2018}, month = jul, pages = {344--368}, - publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190628963.013.10}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Two important recent trends in most developing countries are the rise in female labor force participation and the closing of gender gaps in school enrollment. This article begins by exploring the causes of the increases in female education, which include greater job availability and policy interventions that have promoted girls' education. The article then explores the causes of increased female employment, which include a sectoral shift from ``brawn-based'' industries to services, as well as policies that have increased girls' education. The article also discusses the effects of these increases in female education and labor supply, particularly for the well-being of women.}, @@ -23605,7 +23621,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c year = {2011}, series = {{{IDB Working Paper Series}}}, number = {271}, - institution = {{Inter-American Development Bank}}, + institution = {Inter-American Development Bank}, urldate = {2022-03-09}, abstract = {This paper attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of Bolivia's labor market institutions, particularly the Plan Nacional de Empleo de Emergencia (PLANE). It is found that unemployment as conventionally defined may not be the most important problem in Bolivia's labor market, as the non-salaried market is always an alternative. While unemployment durations and unemployment scarring consequences are relatively low, labor market regulations and labor market programs do not help to increase the size of the formal market, apparently as a result of Bolivia's rigid labor markets and labor policies based mainly on temporary employment programs. Such programs, however, may have helped to smooth consumption. Given the country's high level of informality, protection policies are second best to active policies specifically designed to increase the productivity/employability of vulnerable populations.}, langid = {english}, @@ -23810,7 +23826,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c title = {Vocational Education in {{Kenya}}: {{Evidence}} from a Randomized Evaluation among Youth}, author = {Hicks, Joan Hamory and Kremer, Michael and Mbiti, Isaac and Miguel, Edward}, year = {2013}, - institution = {{International Growth Centre}}, + institution = {International Growth Centre}, keywords = {country::Kenya,program::training,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, note = {A randomized control trial on the effects of participating in the 'Technical and Vocational Vouchers Program' in Kenya, analyzing its effects on participants' earnings, employment probability and resulting job quality. \par @@ -24048,7 +24064,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part volume = {126}, number = {597}, pages = {2115--2146}, - publisher = {{[Oxford University Press, Royal Economic Society, Wiley]}}, + publisher = {[Oxford University Press, Royal Economic Society, Wiley]}, issn = {00130133, 14680297}, doi = {10.1111/ecoj.12211}, abstract = {We use a randomised experiment to evaluate Turkey's vocational training programmes for the unemployed. A detailed follow-up survey of a large sample with low attrition enables precise estimation of treatment impacts and their heterogeneity. The average impact of training on employment is positive but close to zero and statistically insignificant, which is much lower than programme officials and applicants expected. Over the first year, training had statistically significant effects on the quality of employment and these positive impacts are stronger when training is offered by private providers. However, administrative data show that after three years these effects have also dissipated.}, @@ -24233,7 +24249,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part author = {Hojman, Andr{\'e}s and L{\'o}pez B{\'o}o, Florencia}, year = {2019}, month = aug, - institution = {{Inter-American Development Bank}}, + institution = {Inter-American Development Bank}, doi = {10.18235/0001849}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {This paper evaluates the impacts of a public program that introduced access to part-time childcare centers for children younger than four years of age in poor urban areas in Nicaragua. We explore the effects of this program on several measures of children's and parental outcomes. Our identification strategy exploits the original randomization and the distance to the centers, using Instrumental Variables (IV) and Marginal Treatment Effects (MTE) methods to tackle imperfect compliance with the original treatment assignments. We present a theoretical model to rationalize our IV assumptions. We find a positive impact of 0.35 standard deviations on the personal-social domain of a widely used development test, and an impact of 14 percentage points on mothers' work participation. Our results are robust to different econometric specifications. We also find suggestive evidence that quality greatly matters for the impacts at the child level, but not at the mother level.}, @@ -24390,7 +24406,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part year = {2015}, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, number = {7404}, - institution = {{World Bank}}, + institution = {World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-7404}, abstract = {This study uses a randomized experiment to evaluate the impacts of the training and internship program piloted in Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu counties by the Kenya Private Sector Alliance and the Government of Kenya with support from the World Bank's Kenya Youth Empowerment Project. The program provided three months of classroom-based technical training coupled with three months of internships in private firms to vulnerable youths between ages 15 and 29 years, with vulnerable being defined as those out of school and/or with no permanent job. The analysis in this paper is based on survey data collected before the program started (July 2012) and 15 months after the program ended (July 2014). The results of the impact evaluation show that the program has been successful in placing youths in paid jobs and has contributed to an increase of 15 percent in current employment among male participants. The evaluation also found that the program has had positive effects on wage earnings, especially those of females and among older males, with wages increasing by about K Sh 5,000 for males and by K Sh 7,500 for females. With a total unit cost of K Sh 97,000 per beneficiary, an estimated K Sh 6,768 monthly wage for males and K Sh 9,623 monthly wage for females, the program's benefits exceeded the costs for males and females. The program also encouraged youths to participate in either (certified) skills training or an internship program, and helped to increase the probability of participants' opening a bank account and accumulating savings (for females).}, keywords = {area::urban,country::Kenya,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, @@ -24535,8 +24551,8 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part author = {Hooker, Charles and Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly}, year = {2003}, pages = {217--234}, - publisher = {{SAGE Publications, Inc.}}, - address = {{2455 Teller Road,~Thousand Oaks~California~91320~United States}}, + publisher = {SAGE Publications, Inc.}, + address = {2455 Teller Road,~Thousand Oaks~California~91320~United States}, doi = {10.4135/9781452229539.n10}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, collaborator = {Pearce, Craig and Conger, Jay}, @@ -24777,8 +24793,8 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part month = nov, number = {w18535}, pages = {w18535}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w18535}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -25026,8 +25042,8 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part editor = {Kakwani, Nanak and Silber, Jacques}, year = {2013}, pages = {187--214}, - publisher = {{Palgrave Macmillan UK}}, - address = {{London}}, + publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK}, + address = {London}, doi = {10.1057/9780230592407_10}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, isbn = {978-1-349-28167-1 978-0-230-59240-7}, @@ -25447,50 +25463,50 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part title = {Resolution on Decent Work and the Informal Economy}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2002}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2013, title = {Resolution Concerning Statistics of Work, Employment and Labour Underutilization}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2013}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2015, title = {Recommendation {{No}}. 204 Concerning the {{Transition}} from the {{Informal}} to the {{Formal Economy}}}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2015}, - address = {{International Labour Office, Geneva}}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + address = {International Labour Office, Geneva}, + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2016, title = {Women at {{Work Trends}} 2016}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2016}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2019, title = {Working Conditions in a Global Perspective}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2019}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2021, title = {Resolution Concerning Inequalities and the World of Work}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2021}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2021a, title = {Inequalities and the World of Work}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2021}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2022, @@ -25503,42 +25519,42 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part title = {World {{Employment}} and {{Social Outlook}}: {{Trends}} 2022}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2022}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2022b, title = {Follow-up to the Resolution Concerning Inequalities and the World of Work: {{Comprehensive}} and Integrated {{ILO}} Strategy to Reduce and Prevent Inequalities in the World of Work}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2022}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2023, title = {World {{Employment}} and {{Social Outlook}}: {{Trends}} 2023}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2023}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2023a, title = {The Road to Decent Work for Domestic Workers}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2023}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2023b, title = {Guidelines Concerning a Statistical Definition of Informal Employment}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2023}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @techreport{ILO2023c, title = {Resolution Concerning Statistics on the Informal Economy}, author = {{ILO}}, year = {2023}, - institution = {{International Labour Organization}} + institution = {International Labour Organization} } @article{Ince2010a, @@ -25953,7 +25969,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part year = {2011}, month = jun, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, - publisher = {{The World Bank}}, + publisher = {The World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-5710}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -26316,8 +26332,8 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part month = jun, number = {w27449}, pages = {w27449}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w27449}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {This article discusses cultural barriers to women's participation and success in the labor market in developing countries. I begin by describing how gender norms influence the relationship between economic development and female employment, as well as how gender norms vary substantially across societies at the same level of economic development. I then examine several specific gender-related social norms and how they constrain women's employment. I present examples of policies aimed at dismantling these cultural barriers to female employment and the impacts they have. Download a PDF Information on access}, @@ -26350,7 +26366,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part volume = {37}, number = {3}, pages = {305--329}, - publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, + publisher = {Elsevier BV}, doi = {10.1016/0047-2727(88)90044-8}, langid = {english}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/NQUNDDHK/Jenkins_1988_Empirical measurement of horizontal inequity.pdf} @@ -26389,8 +26405,8 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part month = aug, number = {w13305}, pages = {w13305}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w13305}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -26848,8 +26864,8 @@ no PI} month = feb, number = {w24312}, pages = {w24312}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w24312}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {How would universal and permanent cash transfers affect the labor market? Since 1982, all Alaskan residents have received a yearly cash dividend from the Alaska Permanent Fund. Using data from the Current Population Survey and a synthetic control method, we show that the dividend had no effect on employment, and increased part-time work by 1.8 percentage points (17\%). We calibrate expected micro and macro effects of the cash transfer using prior literature, and find our results to be consistent with cash stimulating the local economy --- a general equilibrium effect. We further show that non-tradable sectors have a more positive employment response than tradable sectors. Overall, our results suggest that a universal and permanent cash transfer does not significantly decrease aggregate employment.}, @@ -26908,7 +26924,7 @@ no PI} journal = {World Development}, volume = {123}, pages = {104593}, - publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, + publisher = {Elsevier BV}, doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.06.017}, langid = {english}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/84NI6IJ9/Jordá_Niño-Zarazúa_2019_Global inequality.pdf} @@ -27853,7 +27869,7 @@ no PI} issn = {0309-1317, 1468-2427}, doi = {10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00549.x}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {Social and territorial structures form intricate relations that transcend a social stratification or spatial focus. Territorial features and geographic displacements are structuring principles for society, as societal features and social change effect the structure and use of territory. Based on our examination of the conceptual and theoretical links between spatial and social mobility, we propose a concept that represents a new form of inequality. Termed `motility', this construct describes the potential and actual capacity of goods, information or people to be mobile both geographically and socially. Three major features of motility --- access, competence and appropriation --- are introduced. In this article, we focus on conceptual and theoretical contributions of motility. In addition, we suggest a number of possible empirical investigations. Motility presents us with an innovative perspective on societal changes without prematurely committing researchers to work within structuralist or postmodern perspectives. More generally, we propose to revisit the fluidification debate in the social sciences with a battery of questions that do not begin and end with whether or not society is in flux. Instead, we introduce a field of research that takes advantage of the insights from competing paradigms in order to reveal the social dynamics and consequences of displacements in geographic and social space. Les structures sociales et territoriales forment des relations complexes qui d{\'e}passent toute stratification sociale ou convergence spatiale. Les caract{\'e}ristiques territoriales et d{\'e}placements g{\'e}ographiques sont, pour la soci{\'e}t{\'e}, des principes structurants, tout comme les caract{\'e}ristiques soci{\'e}tales et le changement social font na\^{\i}tre la structure et l'usage d'un territoire. A partir d'un examen des liens conceptuels et th{\'e}oriques entre les mobilit{\'e}s spatiale et sociale, cet article propose un concept traduisant une nouvelle forme d'in{\'e}galit{\'e}: appel{\'e}`motilit{\'e}', il d{\'e}crit le potentiel et l'aptitude r{\'e}elle des marchandises, informations ou individus {\`a}{\^e}tre mobiles sur un plan tant g{\'e}ographique que social. Trois traits essentiels de la motilit{\'e}--- acc{\`e}s, comp{\'e}tence et appropriation --- sont pr{\'e}sent{\'e}s. Si l'article s'attache aux contributions conceptuelles et th{\'e}oriques de la motilit{\'e}, il sugg{\`e}re aussi plusieurs axes possibles d'{\'e}tudes empiriques. La motilit{\'e} offre une perspective novatrice sur les changements soci{\'e}taux, sans engager pr{\'e}matur{\'e}ment les travaux de recherches sur des rails structuralistes ou post-modernes. Plus g{\'e}n{\'e}ralement, il s'agit de revisiter le d{\'e}bat sur la fluidification en sciences sociales {\`a} l'aide d'une batterie de questions qui, ni au d{\'e}but ni {\`a} la fin, ne demande si la soci{\'e}t{\'e} est fluctuante ou non. En revanche, l'article propose un domaine de recherches qui exploite les r{\'e}flexions tir{\'e}es de paradigmes concurrents afin de r{\'e}v{\'e}ler la dynamique sociale et les cons{\'e}quences des d{\'e}placements dans l'espace g{\'e}ographique et social.}, + abstract = {Social and territorial structures form intricate relations that transcend a social stratification or spatial focus. Territorial features and geographic displacements are structuring principles for society, as societal features and social change effect the structure and use of territory. Based on our examination of the conceptual and theoretical links between spatial and social mobility, we propose a concept that represents a new form of inequality. Termed `motility', this construct describes the potential and actual capacity of goods, information or people to be mobile both geographically and socially. Three major features of motility --- access, competence and appropriation --- are introduced. In this article, we focus on conceptual and theoretical contributions of motility. In addition, we suggest a number of possible empirical investigations. Motility presents us with an innovative perspective on societal changes without prematurely committing researchers to work within structuralist or postmodern perspectives. More generally, we propose to revisit the fluidification debate in the social sciences with a battery of questions that do not begin and end with whether or not society is in flux. Instead, we introduce a field of research that takes advantage of the insights from competing paradigms in order to reveal the social dynamics and consequences of displacements in geographic and social space. Les structures sociales et territoriales forment des relations complexes qui d{\'e}passent toute stratification sociale ou convergence spatiale. Les caract{\'e}ristiques territoriales et d{\'e}placements g{\'e}ographiques sont, pour la soci{\'e}t{\'e}, des principes structurants, tout comme les caract{\'e}ristiques soci{\'e}tales et le changement social font na{\^i}tre la structure et l'usage d'un territoire. A partir d'un examen des liens conceptuels et th{\'e}oriques entre les mobilit{\'e}s spatiale et sociale, cet article propose un concept traduisant une nouvelle forme d'in{\'e}galit{\'e}: appel{\'e}`motilit{\'e}', il d{\'e}crit le potentiel et l'aptitude r{\'e}elle des marchandises, informations ou individus {\`a}{\^e}tre mobiles sur un plan tant g{\'e}ographique que social. Trois traits essentiels de la motilit{\'e}--- acc{\`e}s, comp{\'e}tence et appropriation --- sont pr{\'e}sent{\'e}s. Si l'article s'attache aux contributions conceptuelles et th{\'e}oriques de la motilit{\'e}, il sugg{\`e}re aussi plusieurs axes possibles d'{\'e}tudes empiriques. La motilit{\'e} offre une perspective novatrice sur les changements soci{\'e}taux, sans engager pr{\'e}matur{\'e}ment les travaux de recherches sur des rails structuralistes ou post-modernes. Plus g{\'e}n{\'e}ralement, il s'agit de revisiter le d{\'e}bat sur la fluidification en sciences sociales {\`a} l'aide d'une batterie de questions qui, ni au d{\'e}but ni {\`a} la fin, ne demande si la soci{\'e}t{\'e} est fluctuante ou non. En revanche, l'article propose un domaine de recherches qui exploite les r{\'e}flexions tir{\'e}es de paradigmes concurrents afin de r{\'e}v{\'e}ler la dynamique sociale et les cons{\'e}quences des d{\'e}placements dans l'espace g{\'e}ographique et social.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -28061,7 +28077,7 @@ no PI} year = {2009}, month = jun, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, - publisher = {{The World Bank}}, + publisher = {The World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-4976}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -28076,8 +28092,8 @@ no PI} month = may, number = {w18115}, pages = {w18115}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w18115}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -28092,8 +28108,8 @@ no PI} month = jun, number = {w26006}, pages = {w26006}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w26006}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -28654,7 +28670,7 @@ no PI} month = nov, eprint = {10.2307/j.ctt183p1j8}, eprinttype = {jstor}, - publisher = {{Pluto Press}}, + publisher = {Pluto Press}, doi = {10.2307/j.ctt183p1j8}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-78371-220-5 978-0-7453-3520-9}, @@ -29466,7 +29482,7 @@ policy recc: author = {Klugman, Jeni and Hanmer, Lucia and Twigg, Sarah and Hasan, Tazeen and {McCleary-Sills}, Jennifer and Santamaria, Julieth}, year = {2014}, month = sep, - publisher = {{The World Bank}}, + publisher = {The World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/978-1-4648-0359-8}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-4648-0359-8 978-1-4648-0360-4}, @@ -29981,7 +29997,7 @@ policy recc: title = {Leading {{Change}}}, author = {Kotter, John P.}, year = {2011}, - publisher = {{Vahlen}}, + publisher = {Vahlen}, doi = {10.15358/9783800646159}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-3-8006-4615-9}, @@ -30459,7 +30475,7 @@ policy recc: changes to FLFP require replacement of traditional value system bas year = {2015}, month = jan, pages = {340--360}, - publisher = {{Edward Elgar Publishing}}, + publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, doi = {10.4337/9781784712105.00023}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-78471-210-5 978-1-78471-209-9}, @@ -31536,7 +31552,7 @@ policy recc: year = {2014}, series = {Stellenbosch {{Economic Working Papers}}}, number = {02}, - institution = {{University of Stellenbosch}}, + institution = {University of Stellenbosch}, abstract = {{$\bullet$} Youth unemployment in South Africa is high, differs substantially by race group and is increasing. In 2012, close to two-thirds of young Africans were broadly unemployed. Over the four years prior to this the unemployment rate had increased by almost ten percentage points. {$\bullet$} A wage subsidy is one type of intervention which aims to reduce youth unemployment by providing a subsidy to firms which covers part of the cost of employing young people. The outline of a youth employment incentive was provided by the National Treasury in 2011. {$\bullet$} Evidence from other countries suggests that the success of a wage subsidy can be context specific and depends on the nature of the intervention and the structure of the labour market amongst other things. Thus, in order to understand how a wage subsidy may affect youth unemployment it is useful to know how South African young people and firms may react to a wage subsidy. A randomised control trial (RCT) is one way to investigate this. {$\bullet$} In an RCT the participants in the study are randomly divided into two groups -- one which received the intervention, in this case a voucher for a wage subsidy which a firm who employs the individual could claim for six months (called the treatment group), and the second group which does not receive anything (called the control group). Since allocation to the groups is random and both groups share similar characteristics, any observed changes on average should be the result of the wage subsidy voucher. We can thus attach a causal interpretation to our results. {$\bullet$} The key finding of the paper is that those who were allocated a wage subsidy voucher were more likely to be in wage employment both one year and two years after allocation. The impact of the voucher thus persisted even after it was no longer valid. The magnitude of these effects was relatively large -- those in the voucher group were 7.4 percentage points (approximately 25 percent) more likely to be in wage employment one year after allocation and of similar magnitude two years later. This impact was not driven by changes in the sample composition. {$\bullet$} This suggests that those young people who entered jobs earlier than they would have because of the voucher were more likely to stay in jobs. This confirms the important dynamic impacts of youth employment. It also suggests that government interventions which successfully create youth employment are important and can virtuous longer-term effects. {$\bullet$} Relatively few firms actually claimed the voucher. Interviews with firms and young people suggest that this was for a number of reasons: the young people did not even get a chance to show the voucher to someone who makes hiring decision; the administrative burden associated with claiming the money, although not onerous, could not be overcome (for example, larger firms did not have a process for accepting subsidy money, human resource functions were centralised and HR had little incentive to engage in the process of claiming the voucher); or managers or firm owners questioned the legitimacy of the voucher. This suggests that a national wage subsidy policy would need to be widely advertised and information and support provided to firms who would like to claim the subsidy. {$\bullet$} However, the impact of the voucher among those individuals who were employed in firms who claimed or enquired about the subsidy was much larger than the broader estimated effect. In this paper we are unable to ascertain whether these jobs were new or not. {$\bullet$} Even after controlling for firm take up and enquiry there is still a difference in the probability of wage employment between the group with a voucher and the group without. This indicates that part of the impact of the voucher is through supply side responses of those allocated the voucher. {$\bullet$} The results indicate that the observed impact of the voucher is not driven by changes in search, increases in search intensity or movement either to look for jobs or to take up employment. {$\bullet$} Rather it seems that part of the impact may be driven by people turning down job offers. Those in the control group, especially those in households with other employed members, were more likely to turn down job offers than those in the treatment group. This suggests that there is some queuing in the South African youth labour market as young people who can wait for better paid jobs do. {$\bullet$} We can only speculate about why those in the treatment group did not engage in this behaviour. One explanation is that the voucher changed their perceptions of potential success in the job market and thus they were more willing, or able, to go to these jobs, since they thought the voucher advantaged them or they were able to borrow money from their households to travel and incur the initial costs associated with accepting a job. It may also be that households which contained voucher holders were more likely to encourage the holder to take up the job since it was perceived as part of a special programme, or it may be that more information about jobs was passed onto the households of voucher holders with employees since they were linked into firms and people in their network may have known about the voucher. {$\bullet$} These results confirm that the structure of the household is important for success in the labour market. Research on South African labour markets shows that networks are the main channel through which information about jobs is transmitted. Households with working members are thus advantaged since members receive more information about jobs. These types of households can also provide intra-household cash transfers to help pay for transport costs or other costs associated with taking up a job. {$\bullet$} However, there can also be relatively negative implications for young people in households with other earners -- they can afford to turn down jobs as they wait for potentially better paying or better matched jobs. The consequences of this may not necessarily be negative if these types of jobs eventually arrive but if they do not then these young people have sacrificed both earnings and work experience as they wait.}, keywords = {country::South Africa,group::youth,inequality::age,program::wage subsidy,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, note = {A randomized control trial of an employment subsidy for youth in South Africa, with an analysis of its impacts on earnings, employment probability and overall employment length.\textbf{It finds that beneficiaries were significantly more likely to be employed after both one and two years, as well as positive but insignificant impacts on earnings. \textbf{Additionally, it found a significant increase in accumulated employment length of around 1 month for the treatment cohort after 2 years.\textbf{The results suggest that the usual theory of lowered search costs for firms is a valid channel here, but it also finds responses on the supply side after receiving the voucher.\textbf{While beneficiaries did no change their search behavior, move for employment or increase their overall search intensity, there were comparatively fewer job offers turned down in the treatment group.\textbf{The study suggests this could be due to a potential removal of transport cost barriers to interviews or workplaces, an increased perception of success probabilities, household pressures or more access to job information during voucher provision.}}}}}}, @@ -31917,8 +31933,8 @@ policy recc: month = dec, number = {w14541}, pages = {w14541}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w14541}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -31953,7 +31969,7 @@ policy recc: month = aug, volume = {44}, pages = {179--212}, - publisher = {{Emerald Group Publishing Limited}}, + publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, doi = {10.1108/S0147-912120160000044012}, urldate = {2023-12-06}, isbn = {978-1-78560-944-2 978-1-78560-943-5}, @@ -33211,7 +33227,7 @@ policy recc: month = mar, series = {Impact {{Evaluation Series}}}, number = {88}, - institution = {{World Bank}}, + institution = {World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-6389}, langid = {english}, keywords = {country::Nicaragua,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, @@ -33436,11 +33452,11 @@ policy recc: @techreport{Maitrot2017, title = {Poverty and Wellbeing Impacts of Microfinance: {{What}} Do We Know?}, - author = {Ma\^{\i}trot, Mathilde and {Ni{\~n}o-Zaraz{\'u}a}, Miguel}, + author = {Ma{\^i}trot, Mathilde and {Ni{\~n}o-Zaraz{\'u}a}, Miguel}, year = {2017}, number = {2017/190}, - address = {{Helsinki}}, - institution = {{UNU-WIDER}}, + address = {Helsinki}, + institution = {UNU-WIDER}, abstract = {Over the last 35 years, microfinance has been generally regarded as an effective policy tool in the fight against poverty. Yet, the question of whether access to credit leads to poverty reduction and improved wellbeing remains open. To address this question, we conduct a systematic review of the quantitative literature of microfinance's impacts in the developing world, covering 54 studies out of 5311 identified studies. The analysis relies on a theory of change framework that links the complex interactions and channels that exist between microfinance activities, outputs, outcomes and impacts. Overall, we find that the limited comparability of outcomes measured in the selected studies and the heterogeneity of microfinance-lending technologies, together with a considerable variation in socio-economic conditions and contexts in which impact studies have been conducted, render the interpretation and generalization of findings intricate. This is coupled with a degree of uncertainty about the internal and external validity of a considerable number of studies. Taking into consideration the limitations of the existing empirical evidence, and cognisant of the absence of clear evidence, we conclude that microfinance is likely to induce short-term dynamism in the financial life of the poor and vulnerable non-poor, although this dynamism seems to fall short of achieving sizable impacts on consumption expenditures, human capital and assets, and, ultimately, poverty reduction.}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/E2CQR7HX/review matrix R&R_MNZ.xlsx;/home/marty/Zotero/storage/US3V7JDR/Maitrot_Poverty_and_wellbeing_impacts_of_microfinance.pdf} } @@ -33600,8 +33616,8 @@ policy recc: year = {2017}, volume = {504}, pages = {425--436}, - publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, - address = {{Cham}}, + publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, + address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-59111-7_35}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-3-319-59110-0 978-3-319-59111-7}, @@ -34009,8 +34025,8 @@ policy recc: editor = {Williams, Charlotte}, year = {2016}, pages = {235--257}, - publisher = {{Palgrave Macmillan UK}}, - address = {{London}}, + publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK}, + address = {London}, doi = {10.1057/978-1-137-51623-7_10}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {This chapter considers the impact of the built environment in generating new forms and locations of poverty and disadvantage. Drawing on evidence from Australia, this chapter investigates the increasing divide in many large and suburbanised cities between residents with access to jobs, services, community and cultural provisions, and those without. A growing body of research indicates the locational disadvantages that residents face living far from the central hubs of employment. Large and sprawling Australian cities such as Melbourne and Sydney demonstrate a pattern of high housing costs in the inner city where there is the largest concentration of the best paying jobs, high levels of public transport provision and access to a multitude of services. In contrast, the most affordable housing can be found in suburbs perhaps 30--40 kilometres from the centre, with little transport provision and few employment opportunities. Such places typically have a young family profile, a higher proportion of people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, greater levels of mortgage and personal debt, and are more likely to experience socio-economic disadvantage. This is a new pattern of social division and exclusion, and one that is perhaps less visible than previous patterns of spatialised class divisions. Starting from the premise that access to resources is a key ingredient in avoiding long-term disadvantage, the chapter critically explores a number of dimensions of place as a focus of urban social work. What does this new context mean for social work practice? What challenges and opportunities does it present for social work to respond to alternate forms of poverty and disadvantage? What lessons may be drawn for other cities with similar urban forms?}, @@ -34841,8 +34857,8 @@ does NOT look at results of specific policy interventions} author = {McKeen, Carol and Bujaki, Merridee}, year = {2008}, pages = {197--222}, - publisher = {{SAGE Publications, Inc.}}, - address = {{2455 Teller Road,~Thousand Oaks~California~91320~United States}}, + publisher = {SAGE Publications, Inc.}, + address = {2455 Teller Road,~Thousand Oaks~California~91320~United States}, doi = {10.4135/9781412976619.n8}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, collaborator = {Ragins, Belle and Kram, Kathy}, @@ -35063,7 +35079,7 @@ does NOT look at results of specific policy interventions} year = {2005}, series = {Research {{Network Working Papers}}}, number = {484}, - institution = {{Inter-American Development Bank}}, + institution = {Inter-American Development Bank}, abstract = {The authors present matching estimators of the impact on earnings for individuals who attended public and private job training programs in Colombia. They estimate propensity scores by controlling for the variety of personal and socioeconomic background variables of those individuals. The effect of training, measured by the mean impact of the treatment on the treated, shows that: (i) for youths, no institution has a significant impact in the short or long run except private institutions for males; the scope of the data, however, limits the reliability of the result; (ii) for adult males, neither SENA nor the other public institutions have a significant impact in the short or long run; (iii) for SENA-trained adult females there are positive but not significant impacts in the short run and greater and close to significant effects in the long run. All other public institutions have a higher impact that is significant in the long-run; (iv) for adults trained at private institutions there are large and significant effects in both the short and long run, but for adult males in the short run the effects are smaller and only barely significant. In addition, neither short nor long courses provided by SENA seem to have a significant impact on earnings. In general, females benefit more from both short and long courses than males. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis shows that under the assumption of direct unitary costs equal to SENA, private institutions are more profitable than public institutions, which are in turn more profitable than SENA.}, keywords = {country::Colombia,program::training,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, note = {A study using a nationally undertaken population survey of 1997 to analyze the impact differences on earnings between private and public training institutions for Colombian men, women, youths and adults respectively. \textbf{It splits off those trained privately, those trained publically and those trained under SENA, the largest public provider in the country, since they underlie different foci and training qualities.\textbf{It arrives at the conclusion that generally private training provides better cost-benefit potential, with public institutions aside from SENA providing better potential than SENA itself.\textbf{Public training had no significant impact on men, provided insignificant impact for women trained at SENA but significant long-term impact on all other women.\textbf{Private training had significant long-term impacts for all adults, though significant impact only for male youths and significant short-term impact only for women.\textbf{Training length made no significant difference, though gender-based differences were significant, with women profiting more off all offered training variations than men except for private youth training.}}}}}}, @@ -35392,7 +35408,7 @@ Conclusions: author = {Messina, Juli{\'a}n and Silva, Joana}, year = {2017}, month = dec, - publisher = {{The World Bank}}, + publisher = {The World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/978-1-4648-1039-8}, urldate = {2023-12-26}, abstract = {Abstract: What caused the decline in wage inequality of the 2000s in Latin America? Looking to the future, will the current economic slowdown be regressive? Wage Inequality in Latin America: Understanding the Past to Prepare for the Future addresses these two questions by reviewing relevant literature and providing new evidence on what we know from the conceptual, empirical, and policy perspectives. The answer to the first question can be broken down into several parts, although the bottom line is that the changes in wage inequality resulted from a combination of three forces: (a) education expansion and its eff ect on falling returns to skill (the supply-side story); (b) shifts in aggregate domestic demand; and (c) exchange rate appreciation from the commodity boom and the associated shift to the nontradable sector that changed interfi rm wage differences. Other forces had a non-negligible but secondary role in some countries, while they were not present in others. These include the rapid increase of the minimum wage and a rapid trend toward formalization of employment, which played a supporting role but only during the boom. Understanding the forces behind recent trends also helps to shed light on the second question. The analysis in this volume suggests that the economic slowdown is putting the brakes on the reduction of inequality in Latin America and will likely continue to do so---but it might not actually reverse the region's movement toward less wage inequality.}, @@ -35609,7 +35625,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality effects (no measures of inequality employed)}, author = {Milkman, Ruth and Appelbaum, Eileen}, year = {2013}, month = oct, - publisher = {{Cornell University Press}}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, doi = {10.7591/cornell/9780801452383.001.0001}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-8014-5238-3}, @@ -35980,7 +35996,7 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} month = jan, volume = {35}, pages = {59--106}, - publisher = {{Emerald Group Publishing Limited}}, + publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, doi = {10.1108/S0147-9121(2012)0000035030}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, isbn = {978-1-78190-218-9 978-1-78190-219-6}, @@ -36676,8 +36692,8 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} month = aug, number = {w19305}, pages = {w19305}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w19305}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -36692,8 +36708,8 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} month = aug, number = {w19341}, pages = {w19341}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w19341}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -36708,8 +36724,8 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} month = dec, number = {w22923}, pages = {w22923}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w22923}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -36821,8 +36837,8 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} title = {Basic {{Income Worldwide}}}, editor = {Murray, Matthew C. and Pateman, Carole}, year = {2012}, - publisher = {{Palgrave Macmillan UK}}, - address = {{London}}, + publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK}, + address = {London}, doi = {10.1057/9781137265227}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {In the midst of growing criticism of current economic orthodoxies and welfare systems, basic income is growing in popularity. This is the first book to discuss existing at examples of basic income, in both rich and poor countries, and to consider its prospects in other places around the world.}, @@ -37756,7 +37772,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o volume = {63}, number = {4}, pages = {661--684}, - publisher = {{Wiley}}, + publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1111/roiw.12240}, abstract = {{$<$}jats:title{$>$}Abstract{$<$}/jats:title{$><$}jats:p{$>$}This paper measures trends in global interpersonal inequality during 1975--2010 using data from the most recent version of the World Income Inequality Database (WIID). The picture that emerges using `absolute,' and even `centrist' measures of inequality, is very different from the results obtained using standard `relative' inequality measures such as the Gini coefficient or Coefficient of Variation. Relative global inequality has declined substantially over the decades. In contrast, `absolute' inequality, as captured by the Standard Deviation and Absolute Gini, has increased considerably and unabated. Like these `absolute' measures, our `centrist' inequality indicators, the Krtscha measure and an intermediate Gini, also register a pronounced increase in global inequality, albeit, in the case of the latter, with a decline during 2005 to 2010. A critical question posed by our findings is whether increased levels of inequality according to absolute and centrist measures are inevitable at today's per capita income levels. Our analysis suggests that it is not possible for absolute inequality to return to 1975 levels without further convergence in mean incomes among countries. Inequality, as captured by centrist measures such as the Krtscha, could return to 1975 levels, at today's domestic and global per capita income levels, but this would require quite dramatic structural reforms to reduce domestic inequality levels in most countries.{$<$}/jats:p{$>$}}, langid = {english}, @@ -37773,7 +37789,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o volume = {29}, number = {6}, pages = {1053--1072}, - publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, issn = {0309-166X}, doi = {10.1093/cje/bei087}, abstract = {This is the first study on the effects of active labour market programs such as training in Russia. We use the data from the official unemployment register combined with information from the follow-up survey in a large industrial city in the year 2000. The method of propensity score matching was applied to learn whether participation in the training programmes increased the monthly salaries of participants. The findings suggest that individuals tend to benefit from the participation in the training programmes. However, one year later, this effect disappeared.}, @@ -38105,7 +38121,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o year = {2019}, series = {{{IDB Working Paper Series}}}, number = {1062}, - institution = {{Inter-American Development Bank}}, + institution = {Inter-American Development Bank}, abstract = {Information asymmetries and limited skills are two main factors affecting jobseekers' chances to access quality jobs in developing countries. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a job intermediation and wage subsidy program in Bolivia, a country with one of the highest levels of informality in Latin-America. Using administrative and survey, we find that the program substantially increases employment, formality, and earnings. These effects are heterogeneous across different subsamples of interest. Our results suggest that Active Labor Market Policies might be an effective solution for improving access to quality jobs in the context of high informality.}, keywords = {country::Bolivia,program::wage subsidy,region::LAC,relevant,sample::almp}, note = {A study on the earnings, employment probability and formal employment outcomes for 'Programa de Apoyo al Empleo', an employment subsidy and job market service program in Bolivia, where, while unemployment was relatively low, labor market informality is very high.\textbf{The study sees significant positive impacts on employment probability and formal employment for the short-term, with earnings impacts increasing over long-term.\textbf{Generally, larger effects on the earnings and chances of formal employment of women were observed, as well as larger impacts on the earnings of older beneficiaries.\textbf{A cost-benefit analysis sees positive returns of the program over future individual labor outcomes.}}}}, @@ -38184,7 +38200,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o author = {Nussbaum, Martha C.}, year = {2011}, month = jul, - publisher = {{Harvard University Press}}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, doi = {10.4159/harvard.9780674061200}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-0-674-06120-0}, @@ -38354,7 +38370,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o month = sep, edition = {1}, pages = {81--94}, - publisher = {{Wiley}}, + publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/9780470712184.ch5}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-0-470-69951-5 978-0-470-71218-4}, @@ -38387,7 +38403,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o year = {2007}, month = nov, pages = {137--170}, - publisher = {{OECD}}, + publisher = {OECD}, doi = {10.1787/9789264038165-7-en}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, collaborator = {{OECD}}, @@ -38404,7 +38420,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o year = {2008}, month = nov, pages = {129--155}, - publisher = {{OECD}}, + publisher = {OECD}, doi = {10.1787/9789264049826-6-en}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, collaborator = {{OECD}}, @@ -38419,7 +38435,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o author = {{OECD}}, year = {2011}, month = dec, - publisher = {{OECD}}, + publisher = {OECD}, doi = {10.1787/9789264119536-en}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-92-64-11163-9 978-92-64-11953-6}, @@ -39151,8 +39167,8 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o month = apr, number = {w14853}, pages = {w14853}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w14853}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -40414,7 +40430,7 @@ migration.}, year = {2006}, month = jan, edition = {1}, - publisher = {{Wiley}}, + publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/9780470754887}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-4051-2110-1 978-0-470-75488-7}, @@ -40781,8 +40797,8 @@ migration.}, month = nov, number = {w17616}, pages = {w17616}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w17616}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -41079,7 +41095,7 @@ migration.}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {373--391}, - publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, + publisher = {Elsevier BV}, doi = {10.1016/0047-2727(82)90071-8}, langid = {english}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/MSECH9QC/Plotnick_1982_The concept and measurement of horizontal inequity.pdf} @@ -41262,7 +41278,7 @@ migration.}, year = {2014}, month = may, edition = {2}, - publisher = {{Routledge}}, + publisher = {Routledge}, doi = {10.4324/9780203538074}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-203-53807-4}, @@ -41732,7 +41748,7 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en title = {Promoting More Gender-Equitable Norms and Behaviors among Young Men as an {{HIV}}/{{AIDS}} Prevention Strategy}, author = {Pulerwitz, Julie and Barker, Gary and Segundo, Marcio and Nascimento, Marcos}, year = {2006}, - institution = {{Population Council}}, + institution = {Population Council}, doi = {10.31899/HIV2.1028}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} @@ -41838,8 +41854,8 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en month = may, number = {w14973}, pages = {w14973}, - address = {{Cambridge, MA}}, - institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, doi = {10.3386/w14973}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, langid = {english}, @@ -42184,7 +42200,7 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en author = {Ramgutty, Harsha Toshini and Sanmukhiya, Chintamanee}, year = {2021}, journal = {The European Journal of Social \& Behavioural Sciences}, - publisher = {{European Publisher}}, + publisher = {European Publisher}, doi = {10.15405/ejsbs.304}, abstract = {Youth employment programmes are used as a means of developing employability skills through a wage subsidy strategy. This study examines the effectiveness of the Youth Employment Programme (YEP) in Mauritius in terms of the trainee's satisfaction of YEP, his/her belief that YEP would help him/her to get a job and the odds of actually being employed once the programme is over. The Human Capital Theory is used to describe the transformation process through which YEP increases youth employability. Data was randomly collected among 214 individuals who were either currently or had previously been on the programme. All logistic models fitted the data well with correct classifications ranging from 70\% to 92.5\%. None of the demographic factors predicted the effectiveness of YEP. Trainees' satisfaction was predicted by the sector of work placement, quality of programme, field of study and recommendations. Trainees' beliefs were predicted by the number of interviews, duration of unemployment prior to the programme, whether internship matched their fields of study, nature of employment and quality of the programme. However, the nature of employment and salary were the only factors that predicted the odds of actually being employed. The YEP in Mauritius may require major restructuration to cater for trainees outside the field of social sciences. Although the YEP has failed to provide the adequate support and a satisfying experience, its contribution cannot be underestimated. An evaluation of the programme should be carried out at shorter intervals to detect major loopholes so that these may be resolved in time.}, keywords = {country::Mauritius,program::wage subsidy,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, @@ -42371,7 +42387,7 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en year = {1999}, month = nov, series = {Policy {{Research Working Papers}}}, - publisher = {{The World Bank}}, + publisher = {The World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-2409}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english}, @@ -42387,7 +42403,7 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en volume = {56}, number = {2}, pages = {620--642}, - publisher = {{American Economic Association}}, + publisher = {American Economic Association}, doi = {10.1257/jel.20171419}, abstract = {{$<$}jats:p{$>$} As normally measured, ``global inequality'' is the relative inequality of incomes found among all people in the world no matter where they live. Francois Bourguignon and Branko Milanovic have written insightful and timely books on global inequality, emphasizing the role of globalization. The books are complementary: Milanovic provides an ambitious broad-brush picture, with some intriguing hypotheses on the processes at work; Bourguignon provides a deep and suitably qualified economic analysis. This paper questions the thesis of both books---that globalization has been a major driving force of inequality between or within countries. The paper also questions the robustness of the evidence for declining global inequality, and notes some conceptual limitations of standard measures in capturing the concerns of many observers in the ongoing debates about globalization and the policy responses. ( JEL D31, D63, E25, F61, F63) {$<$}/jats:p{$>$}}, langid = {english}, @@ -42429,7 +42445,7 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en author = {Rawls, John}, year = {1971}, month = dec, - publisher = {{Harvard University Press}}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, doi = {10.4159/9780674042605}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-674-04260-5}, @@ -44300,7 +44316,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} edition = {1}, eprint = {10.2307/j.ctvpj7jb3}, eprinttype = {jstor}, - publisher = {{Berghahn Books}}, + publisher = {Berghahn Books}, doi = {10.2307/j.ctvpj7jb3}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-78533-147-3 978-1-78533-815-1}, @@ -44671,7 +44687,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} shorttitle = {Empowering Married Young Women and Improving Their Sexual and Reproductive Health}, author = {Santhya, K.G. and Haberland, Nicole and Das, Arup and Ram, F and Sinha, R.K. and Ram, Usha and Mohanty, S.K.}, year = {2008}, - institution = {{Population Council}}, + institution = {Population Council}, doi = {10.31899/pgy5.1005}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} @@ -45397,8 +45413,8 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} editor = {Griffin, Keith and Knight, John}, year = {1990}, pages = {41--58}, - publisher = {{Palgrave Macmillan UK}}, - address = {{London}}, + publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK}, + address = {London}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-349-21136-4_3}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-0-333-53513-4 978-1-349-21136-4}, @@ -45428,7 +45444,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} year = {2009}, month = oct, edition = {0}, - publisher = {{Routledge}}, + publisher = {Routledge}, doi = {10.4324/9780203866900}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-135-23816-2}, @@ -46074,7 +46090,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} author = {Siam, Md. Hasanul Banna and Hasan, Md. Mahbub and Raheem, Md. Enayetur and Khan, Hasinur Rahaman and Siddiqee, Mahbubul H. and Hossain, Mohammad Sorowar}, year = {2020}, month = aug, - institution = {{Epidemiology}}, + institution = {Epidemiology}, doi = {10.1101/2020.08.05.20168674}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {Abstract Background South Asian countries including Bangladesh have been struggling to control the COVID-19 pandemic despite imposing months of lockdown and other public health measures (as of June 30, 2020). In-depth epidemiological information from these countries is lacking. From the perspective of Bangladesh, this study aims to understand the epidemiological features and gaps in public health preparedness. Method This study used publicly available data (8 March-30 June 2020) from the respective health departments of Bangladesh and Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Centre. Descriptive statistics was used to report the incidence, case fatality rates (CFR), and trend analysis. Spatial distribution maps were created using ArcGIS Desktop. Infection dynamics were analyzed via SIR models. Findings In 66 days of nationwide lockdown and other public health efforts, a total of 47,153 cases and 650 deaths were reported. However, the incidence was increased by around 50\% within a week after relaxing the lockdown. Males were disproportionately affected in terms of infections (71\%) and deaths (77\%) than females. The CFR for males was higher than females (1.38\% vs 1.01\%). Over 50\% of infected cases were reported among young adults (20-40-year age group). Geospatial analysis between 7 June 2020 and 20 June 2020 showed that the incidences increased 4 to 10-fold in 12 administrative districts while it decreased in the epicenter. As compared to the EU and USA, trends of the cumulative incidence were slower in South Asia with lower mortality. Conclusion Our findings on gaps in public health preparedness and epidemiological characteristics would contribute to facilitating better public health decisions for managing current and future pandemics like COVID-19 in the settings of developing countries.}, @@ -46201,7 +46217,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} title = {Handbook of {{Income Inequality Measurement}}}, author = {Silber, Jacques}, year = {2012}, - publisher = {{Springer London, Limited}}, + publisher = {Springer London, Limited}, isbn = {978-94-011-4413-1} } @@ -46466,7 +46482,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} volume = {71}, number = {3}, pages = {481}, - publisher = {{JSTOR}}, + publisher = {JSTOR}, doi = {10.2307/1926905}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ISNJDWTG/Slesnick_1989_The Measurement of Horizontal Inequality.pdf} } @@ -46667,8 +46683,8 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} editor = {Connerley, Mary L. and Wu, Jiyun}, year = {2016}, pages = {209--224}, - publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}}, - address = {{Dordrecht}}, + publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, + address = {Dordrecht}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-017-9897-6_13}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-94-017-9896-9 978-94-017-9897-6}, @@ -46840,7 +46856,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} shorttitle = {Catalyzing Personal and Social Change around Gender, Sexuality, and {{HIV}}}, author = {Solorzano, Irela and Bank, Amy and Pena, Rodolfo and Espinoza, Henry and Ellsberg, Mary and Pulerwitz, Julie}, year = {2008}, - institution = {{Population Councl}}, + institution = {Population Councl}, doi = {10.31899/HIV2.1009}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} @@ -47452,8 +47468,8 @@ does NOT look at policy impacts (but theories behind it)} title = {Horizontal {{Inequalities}} and {{Conflict}}}, editor = {Stewart, Frances}, year = {2008}, - publisher = {{Palgrave Macmillan UK}}, - address = {{London}}, + publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK}, + address = {London}, doi = {10.1057/9780230582729}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-349-35462-7 978-0-230-58272-9}, @@ -48908,7 +48924,7 @@ main findings: author = {Tilly, Charles}, year = {1998}, month = mar, - publisher = {{University of California Press}}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, doi = {10.1525/9780520924222}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-520-92422-2}, @@ -49000,7 +49016,7 @@ does NOT look at PI} author = {Torjesen, Karen and Warren, Meg Aum and {Wamue-Ngare}, Grace}, year = {2020}, month = nov, - institution = {{PsyArXiv}}, + institution = {PsyArXiv}, doi = {10.31234/osf.io/jh5kt}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, abstract = {Applied research for social change is still in its infancy in cross-cultural psychology. Despite the potential for tremendous impact, the complexities of conducting applied research, particularly in under-resourced countries, may discourage scholars from pursing this important but daunting venture. To forewarn and equip other scholars, we outline a variety of challenges (e.g., resource constraints, cultural norms) that influence all aspects of the research process, from gaining entry, organizing the cross-national research team, working with local stakeholders, designing the methods, developing and administering instruments, collecting and interpreting the data, to reporting the findings for local use. Via a personal account of our experiences in conducting a study on a gender-based violence intervention in Congo, we share our lessons and offer recommendations (e.g., using multiple methodologies) for conducting applied cross-national research. We hope that as a result more scholars will be encouraged to undertake this impactful and rewarding work.}, @@ -49504,7 +49520,7 @@ inequality: author = {{United Nations Women}}, year = {2018}, month = jun, - publisher = {{United Nations}}, + publisher = {United Nations}, doi = {10.18356/917ed83e-en}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-92-1-363284-0}, @@ -50734,7 +50750,7 @@ uses cash benefit to identify `increased need' sample but is not impact study fo @article{Wacquant1999, title = {Urban {{Marginality}} in the {{Coming Millennium}}}, - author = {Wacquant, Lo\"{\i}c}, + author = {Wacquant, Lo{\"i}c}, year = {1999}, month = sep, journal = {Urban Studies}, @@ -50812,7 +50828,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {169--205}, - publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, + publisher = {Elsevier BV}, doi = {10.1016/0167-6296(91)90003-6}, langid = {english}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/3X5A9AZ6/Wagstaff et al_1991_On the measurement of horizontal inequity in the delivery of health care.pdf} @@ -51052,7 +51068,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} editor = {Popescu, Cristina Raluca Gh.}, year = {2021}, pages = {53--69}, - publisher = {{IGI Global}}, + publisher = {IGI Global}, doi = {10.4018/978-1-7998-8426-2.ch003}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, abstract = {Gender-based violence (GBV) and its threat to women's well-being is an insidious and widespread challenge in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Cultural beliefs about gender roles and sexuality, and religious teachings on marriage, masculinity, and femininity make interventions on GBV in the DRC difficult. This chapter examines a faith-based intervention, `The Tamar Campaign', which sought to align the strengths underpinning religion and culture. Findings revealed that participants of the Tamar Campaign reported 1) low prevalence of GBV four years after the intervention as compared to results of previous studies in the region, 2) positive effect of the intervention on marital satisfaction, and 3) engaging in activism alongside their family and community to combat GBV. This study thus offers initial evidence for faith-based interventions in not only reducing GBV, but also holistically improving women's overall well-being.}, @@ -51371,7 +51387,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} author = {Warren, Meg Aum and Schwam, Allison}, year = {2021}, month = nov, - institution = {{PsyArXiv}}, + institution = {PsyArXiv}, doi = {10.31234/osf.io/ajgfm}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, abstract = {As public consciousness of sexism is increasing in the workplace (e.g., \#MeToo movement), labeling oneself as an ally (e.g., UN HeforShe campaign) is becoming more socially desirable for men. However, do women agree with such men in their assessments of being allies? Importantly, how does women's agreement (or not) with men's self-assessments of allyship, affect women's inclusion-relevant outcomes? Using a multi-informant design and data from 101 men-women colleague pairs, this study considered men's self-perceptions and women's other-reports of men's key allyship-relevant characteristics - justice, moral courage, civility, and allyship. Polynomial regression and response surface analyses revealed differential impacts of (in)congruence between men's and women's perceptions on women's sense of inclusion and vitality. Simply, when women perceived men as higher (or the same) in justice, moral courage, and civility than men reported themselves, it positively predicted women's outcomes. This suggests that humble self-presentation by men on characteristics that are parallel to allyship (but not allyship) may be ideal. Yet, both under- and over-estimation by men on allyship itself predicted poorer outcomes for women, suggesting that the ideal is for men to have an accurate assessment of their own strengths and weaknesses as an ally.}, @@ -51385,7 +51401,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} author = {Warren, Meg Aum and Sekhon, Tejvir and Winkelman, Katie M. and Waldrop, Rachael J}, year = {2021}, month = mar, - institution = {{PsyArXiv}}, + institution = {PsyArXiv}, doi = {10.31234/osf.io/jzxmy}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, abstract = {In response to prejudiced behaviors, the emotional experience of leaders influences whether and how they confront prejudice, but more importantly, their emotional expression serves a crucial communicative function to signal to observers the motivations and characteristics of the leaders and the organization. A qualitative study of exceptional allies revealed that even those committed to confronting prejudice are afraid to do so because of impression management and relational concerns. When they do act, their emotional experiences of empathic sadness on behalf of the stigmatized target or anger toward the transgressor spur action whereas not intervening leads to feelings of guilt. However, they struggle with regulating these emotions due to the belief that non-emotional confrontations are better received by others. On the contrary, two experimental studies showed that the same verbal confrontation accompanied by anger (versus not) is viewed as more sincere and in fact, improves the impressions of the leader and the organization.}, @@ -52002,7 +52018,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} year = {2017}, month = may, edition = {1}, - publisher = {{Routledge}}, + publisher = {Routledge}, doi = {10.4324/9781315239934}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {Governments in the US, the UK and other nations around the world routinely consider and, in some cases, experiment with reforms of their income support systems. The basic income guarantee, a universal unconditional income grant, has received increasing attention from scholars as an alternative to the kinds of reforms that have been implemented. This book explores the political, sociological, economic, and philosophical issues of the basic income guarantee. Tracing the history of the idea, from its origins in the late eighteenth century through its political vogue in the 1970s, when the Family Assistance Plan narrowly missed passage in the US Congress, it also examines the philosophical debate over the issue. The book is designed to foster a climate of ideas amongst those specifically interested in the income support policies and more widely for those concerned with public, welfare and labour economics. Its coverage will enable readers to obtain an in depth grounding in the topic, regardless of their position in the debate.}, @@ -52017,8 +52033,8 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} author = {Widerquist, Karl}, year = {2018}, pages = {1--14}, - publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, - address = {{Cham}}, + publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, + address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-03849-6_1}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {This chapter introduces and previews the book with a broad overview of the problems involved in conducting Universal Basic Income (UBI) experiments and in reporting the results in ways that successfully increase public understanding of the issue. It argues that experimenters should work backward from the big ``bottom-line questions'' that are most important to the public discussion of UBI to the variables that tests can actually address, and then forward again, closely explaining the relationship between experimental findings and the things people discussing UBI as a potential national policy really want to know.}, @@ -52827,7 +52843,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income editor = {Bilimoria, Diana and Piderit, Sandy Kristin}, year = {2007}, month = feb, - publisher = {{Edward Elgar Publishing}}, + publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, doi = {10.4337/9781847204134.00015}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-1-84720-413-4 978-1-84542-432-9}, @@ -52840,7 +52856,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income author = {{World Bank}}, year = {2000}, month = sep, - publisher = {{The World Bank}}, + publisher = {The World Bank}, doi = {10.1596/0-1952-1129-4}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-0-19-521129-0}, @@ -52855,7 +52871,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income year = {2006}, month = jun, series = {World {{Trade Report}}}, - publisher = {{WTO}}, + publisher = {WTO}, doi = {10.30875/5b142cc2-en}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, isbn = {978-92-870-4493-8}, @@ -76690,7 +76706,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} issn = {0309-1317, 1468-2427}, doi = {10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00526.x}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, - abstract = {Rapid urban growth in China has been accompanied by rising social inequality and marginalization of disadvantaged social groups such as laid-off workers of the state-owned enterprises and rural migrants. The Chinese government has officially acknowledged the existence of `marginal groups' and prioritized combating the new urban poverty as an urgent task to eliminate the root of potential social instability. This article proposes the concept of `poverty of transition' from the institutional change perspective to examine how the `new' urban poverty is created by the disjuncture between the old and new institutions. Specifically, the poverty of transition suggests that the main cause of the new poverty is structural, i.e. economic restructuring and the release of redundant workers previously hidden inside the workplace, and the increasing migrant population who are excluded from the formal urban institutions. A sizable underclass is now under formation in the sense that they are institutionally detached from mainstream urban society. To close the disjuncture between the marketization of labourers and the transition in welfare provisions requires more than just a policy of poverty relief; instead it requires a fundamental vision of the new `citizenship' in the Chinese city. En Chine, la rapide croissance urbaine s'est accompagn{\'e}e d'une aggravation de l'in{\'e}galit{\'e} sociale et d'une marginalisation des groupes sociaux d{\'e}favoris{\'e}s tels que les ex-employ{\'e}s des entreprises nationalis{\'e}es et les migrants ruraux. Le gouvernement a officiellement reconnu l'existence de `groupes marginaux' et annonc{\'e} comme une priorit{\'e} la lutte contre la nouvelle pauvret{\'e} urbaine afin d'{\'e}liminer cette source potentielle d'instabilit{\'e} sociale. L'article propose le concept de `pauvret{\'e} de transition' dans une perspective d'{\'e}volution institutionnelle, afin d'examiner comment la `nouvelle' pauvret{\'e} urbaine na\^{\i}t de la rupture entre institutions anciennes et nouvelles. Notamment, ce concept sugg{\`e}re que la cause premi{\`e}re de la nouvelle pauvret{\'e} est structurelle, autrement dit {\'e}mane de la restructuration {\'e}conomique et du d{\'e}gagement des ouvriers en surnombre pr{\'e}c{\'e}demment dissimul{\'e}s sur leur lieu de travail, ainsi que de la population migrante croissante, exclue des institutions urbaines officielles. Une classe inf{\'e}rieure consid{\'e}rable est en cours de formation au sens que ses membres sont isol{\'e}s institutionnellement de la soci{\'e}t{\'e} urbaine normale. Combler cette rupture entre la marchandisation des ouvriers et la transition des mesures sociales exige, davantage qu'une simple politique publique d'aide aux pauvres, une vision fondamentale de la nouvelle `citoyennet{\'e}' dans les villes chinoises.}, + abstract = {Rapid urban growth in China has been accompanied by rising social inequality and marginalization of disadvantaged social groups such as laid-off workers of the state-owned enterprises and rural migrants. The Chinese government has officially acknowledged the existence of `marginal groups' and prioritized combating the new urban poverty as an urgent task to eliminate the root of potential social instability. This article proposes the concept of `poverty of transition' from the institutional change perspective to examine how the `new' urban poverty is created by the disjuncture between the old and new institutions. Specifically, the poverty of transition suggests that the main cause of the new poverty is structural, i.e. economic restructuring and the release of redundant workers previously hidden inside the workplace, and the increasing migrant population who are excluded from the formal urban institutions. A sizable underclass is now under formation in the sense that they are institutionally detached from mainstream urban society. To close the disjuncture between the marketization of labourers and the transition in welfare provisions requires more than just a policy of poverty relief; instead it requires a fundamental vision of the new `citizenship' in the Chinese city. En Chine, la rapide croissance urbaine s'est accompagn{\'e}e d'une aggravation de l'in{\'e}galit{\'e} sociale et d'une marginalisation des groupes sociaux d{\'e}favoris{\'e}s tels que les ex-employ{\'e}s des entreprises nationalis{\'e}es et les migrants ruraux. Le gouvernement a officiellement reconnu l'existence de `groupes marginaux' et annonc{\'e} comme une priorit{\'e} la lutte contre la nouvelle pauvret{\'e} urbaine afin d'{\'e}liminer cette source potentielle d'instabilit{\'e} sociale. L'article propose le concept de `pauvret{\'e} de transition' dans une perspective d'{\'e}volution institutionnelle, afin d'examiner comment la `nouvelle' pauvret{\'e} urbaine na{\^i}t de la rupture entre institutions anciennes et nouvelles. Notamment, ce concept sugg{\`e}re que la cause premi{\`e}re de la nouvelle pauvret{\'e} est structurelle, autrement dit {\'e}mane de la restructuration {\'e}conomique et du d{\'e}gagement des ouvriers en surnombre pr{\'e}c{\'e}demment dissimul{\'e}s sur leur lieu de travail, ainsi que de la population migrante croissante, exclue des institutions urbaines officielles. Une classe inf{\'e}rieure consid{\'e}rable est en cours de formation au sens que ses membres sont isol{\'e}s institutionnellement de la soci{\'e}t{\'e} urbaine normale. Combler cette rupture entre la marchandisation des ouvriers et la transition des mesures sociales exige, davantage qu'une simple politique publique d'aide aux pauvres, une vision fondamentale de la nouvelle `citoyennet{\'e}' dans les villes chinoises.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cite::framework,country::China,inequality::poverty,inequality::spatial,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @@ -76761,8 +76777,8 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} editor = {Zhang, Junyi}, year = {2017}, pages = {243--265}, - publisher = {{Springer Japan}}, - address = {{Tokyo}}, + publisher = {Springer Japan}, + address = {Tokyo}, doi = {10.1007/978-4-431-56472-0_9}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-4-431-56470-6 978-4-431-56472-0}, @@ -77323,8 +77339,8 @@ main barriers: increased likelihood for women to take on 'dual burdens' professi editor = {Morgan, Rosemary and Hawkins, Kate and Dhatt, Roopa and Manzoor, Mehr and Bali, Sulzhan and Overs, Cheryl}, year = {2022}, pages = {183--196}, - publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, - address = {{Cham}}, + publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, + address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-84498-1_18}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, isbn = {978-3-030-84497-4 978-3-030-84498-1}, @@ -77400,8 +77416,8 @@ main barriers: increased likelihood for women to take on 'dual burdens' professi author = {Zhao, Jieyu and Wang, Tianlu and Yatskar, Mark and Ordonez, Vicente and Chang, Kai-Wei}, year = {2017}, pages = {2979--2989}, - publisher = {{Association for Computational Linguistics}}, - address = {{Copenhagen, Denmark}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, doi = {10.18653/v1/D17-1323}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, langid = {english},