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02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/e96796d916cc707f2acde372334e18d9-zapata-amadeo-navar/info.yaml

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+abstract: 'In the last decades, the East Asian region has experienced important
+
+  economic transformations that have led to important growth and economic
+
+  development. A crucial part of this growth has been due to the
+
+  contribution of the foreign sector, and more specifically the trade in
+
+  manufactures, establishing a model of economic growth based largely on
+
+  exports of this type of goods.
+
+  The Spanish foreign sector has also undergone important changes in
+
+  recent decades, although the need to expand foreign markets and the
+
+  improvement of the technological intensity of manufactured exports are
+
+  two pending tasks to be able to compete more efficiently in the
+
+  international markets. The Spanish authorities have emphasised these
+
+  needs and have been defined as objectives to be achieved in the
+
+  different internationalisation strategies for the Spanish economy
+
+  designed in recent years, and although improvements have been made,
+
+  there is still ample scope to deepen the reforms needed to achieve a
+
+  more efficient pattern of manufacturing specialisation. In most cases,
+
+  the analysis of these deficiencies has been confined to the country,
+
+  without paying special attention to the study of the regional aspect,
+
+  and to the high regional geographic concentration in the Spanish
+
+  production of manufactures with a higher technological content,
+
+  highlighting the unavoidable need to implement economic policy tools to
+
+  improve the supply of new products with high technological content.
+
+  This article analyses the technological intensity of manufactures
+
+  exported by the Spanish autonomous communities to the world and the main
+
+  territories of East Asia: China, Japan, Korea, ASEAN, Hong Kong and
+
+  Taiwan, for the period 2000 to 2016. As we mentioned before, this choice
+
+  is based on the importance that these territories have achieved in the
+
+  international markets of manufactures in general, and of manufactures
+
+  with high technological intensity in particular, and also based on the
+
+  low presence in the economic literature in Spain.
+
+  This analysis fills a crucial gap in the economic literature regarding
+
+  the technological intensity of manufactures exported by Spanish regions,
+
+  and it is for this reason that our study aims to provide scientific
+
+  evidence for the case of the technological intensity of manufactures
+
+  exported by Spanish autonomous communities to the world and to the East
+
+  Asian region. Therefore, it could serve as an important tool on the
+
+  assessment of economic policy measures implemented to increase regional
+
+  exports of manufactures with a higher technological content. This work
+
+  can also be a good tool for Spanish companies that wish to
+
+  internationalise their processes in the countries of the study,
+
+  identifying market niches and difficulties in internationalising their
+
+  processes in East Asian countries. Likewise, it can serve the Spanish
+
+  authorities at national and regional level in charge of designing
+
+  policies aimed at favouring these processes of business
+
+  internationalisation, identifying comparative advantages, and
+
+  reinforcing economic policy tools aimed at improving the financing,
+
+  training and qualification of companies exporting manufactures with a
+
+  high technological content. Thus, this article has a significant
+
+  relevance due to the need to improve the regional export propensity of
+
+  manufactures with a higher technological content, since achieving these
+
+  objectives could help to attain greater economic growth, showing that
+
+  product specialisation from the point of view of technological intensity
+
+  is not neutral on potential of wealth creation.
+
+  One of the aims of this paper is to determine the weight of the foreign
+
+  manufacturing sector in the Spanish regional economies, since the
+
+  measures and the scope of the economic policies to be implemented to
+
+  improve the technological intensity of manufacturing will depend to a
+
+  certain degree on the importance of this sector in each of the
+
+  autonomous communities, and for this it will be essential to determine
+
+  the technological breakdown of manufactures exported by the Spanish
+
+  regions to the world and to the countries of East Asia, as well as to
+
+  analyse the evolution of their technological pattern during the study
+
+  period. This article also aims to determine the main manufactures with
+
+  high technological intensity exported by the Spanish regions to the
+
+  countries of East Asia, to analyse their level of concentration, and the
+
+  degree of similarity of the distributions of exports of manufactures
+
+  with high technological intensity among each of the Spanish autonomous
+
+  communities, and that of Spain as a whole. The database used in this
+
+  study is Datacomex of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism of
+
+  Spain, which collects data on declared trade provided by the Department
+
+  of Customs and Special Taxes of the State Agency of the Tax
+
+  Administration.
+
+  In the regional study of manufactures exported according to their
+
+  technological content by Spain and by the Spanish regions to the world
+
+  and the countries of East Asia, a statistical analysis is carried out
+
+  using the technological classification established by the OECD, where
+
+  manufactures are broken down into four groups: high technology
+
+  manufactures, medium-high technology, medium-low technology, and low
+
+  technology. The disaggregation of manufactures used in this article is
+
+  at five-digit level, which provides a high level of disaggregation,
+
+  avoiding the likely drawbacks derived from a high level of aggregation.
+
+  In the analysis of the concentration of exported manufactures, we used
+
+  the Theil concentration index, while in the study of the similarity
+
+  between the distributions of exports to the world and to the East Asian
+
+  countries regarding manufactures with high technological intensity,
+
+  between the Spainsh regions and Spain as whole, we use the
+
+  Finger-Kreinin index.
+
+  From the analysis of the manufactures exports, it is observed that there
+
+  is no clear relationship between the weight of the manufacturing sector
+
+  in the regional economies and the volume of exports with high
+
+  technological intensity. Although it is difficult to establish a pattern
+
+  regarding the evolution of manufactures with high intensity exported by
+
+  the Spanish regions, some autonomous communities, such as the Community
+
+  of Madrid, have significantly increased the proportion of manufactures
+
+  exported with high technological intensity as they increased their sales
+
+  abroad in absolute terms, establishing a pattern of industrialisation
+
+  focused on those manufactures with a higher added value. Moreover, from
+
+  the analysis of manufactures exports to the countries of East Asia, we
+
+  can conclude that exports values can be improved both in quantitative
+
+  and qualitative terms, and that there is a significant concentration of
+
+  manufactures exports in a few regions. Madrid, followed by Castilla-Leon
+
+  and Andalucia are among the Spanish regions that showed a good
+
+  performance during the study period, and among those that better adapted
+
+  to the pattern of specialisation of Asian imports, on the other hand are
+
+  regions such as Galicia, Cantabria, Extremadura or Murcia. Likewise, the
+
+  evolution of the value of exports of manufactures with high
+
+  technological intensity is very heterogeneous, and there is no a defined
+
+  pattern.
+
+  From the analysis of the concentration index, it is observed that a high
+
+  concentration is associated with a low level of value exports, that is
+
+  why as value of exports increases, there is a greater product
+
+  diversification. Moreover, there is a greater concentration in
+
+  manufactures exported to the East Asian countries than those exported to
+
+  the rest of the world. Overall, from the results obtained by the
+
+  Finger-Kreinin index, we can conclude that the Spanish regions have a
+
+  distribution of exports of manufactures with a high technological
+
+  intensity quite similar to that of the nation as a whole, that these
+
+  distributions have been homogenised with that of the country as a whole
+
+  over time, with a greater homogeneity in the case of those regions with
+
+  high propensity to exports manufactures of high technological content.'
+affiliation: 'Zapata, AN (Corresponding Author), Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
+
+  Zapata, Amadeo Navarro, Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.'
+author: Zapata, Amadeo Navarro
+author_list:
+- family: Zapata
+  given: Amadeo Navarro
+da: '2023-09-28'
+files: []
+issn: 0213-7585
+journal: REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS REGIONALES
+keywords: Exports; Manufacturing; Technology intensity; East Asia
+keywords-plus: ECONOMIC-GROWTH; US STATES; TRADE; DIVERSIFICATION; INCOME; EMPLOYMENT
+language: Spanish
+month: MAY-AUG
+number: '121'
+number-of-cited-references: '34'
+orcid-numbers: Navarro Zapata, Amadeo/0000-0002-7405-9035
+pages: 103-136
+papis_id: 4f9f8b55adcb33511dee19aa356b64bb
+ref: Zapata2021regionalanalysis
+researcherid-numbers: Navarro Zapata, Amadeo/ADJ-5595-2022
+times-cited: '0'
+title: Regional analysis of Spanish high-tech manufacturing exports to East Asian
+  countries
+type: Article
+unique-id: WOS:000720372700007
+usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
+usage-count-since-2013: '4'
+web-of-science-categories: Environmental Studies
+year: '2021'