Add wos sample results library

02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/ae175b0cf1023a7f9b06a0a9a72f2e56-nordberg-e/info.yaml

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+abstract: 'Injuries are common and on increase in most developing countries,
+
+  including sub-Saharan Africa. A large proportion of the injuries are
+
+  caused by road traffic accidents, falls, burns, assaults, bites, stings
+
+  and other animal-related injuries, poisonings, drownings/near-drownings
+
+  and suicide. Globally, injuries are responsible for about five per cent
+
+  of the total mortality, and the overall global annual costs were
+
+  estimated in the late 1980s at around US\$500 billion. The burden and
+
+  pattern of injuries in Africa and other developing areas are poorly
+
+  known and not well studied. The incidence is on the increase, partly due
+
+  to rapid growth of motorised transport and to expansion of industrial
+
+  production without adequate safety precautions. This is a review of data
+
+  on various kinds of injuries in developing countries with a focus on
+
+  sub-Saharan Africa. A computerised search of the relevant literature
+
+  published between 1985 and 1998 was conducted and a manual search of
+
+  journals publishing texts on health in low-income countries and in
+
+  tropical environments was also done. A few studies on injury prevention
+
+  policy and on research related to injury epidemiology and prevention
+
+  have also been identified and included. Bt is concluded that in a
+
+  relatively typical East African area with a total mortality rate of
+
+  1,300/130,000/year, injuries are likely to cause around 100 of these
+
+  deaths. The corresponding total rate of significant injuries is
+
+  estimated at 40,000/100,000/year with a breakdown as tabulated below.
+
+  Estimated incidence of injuries and injury-related deaths in East Africa
+
+  {[}GRAPHICS]
+
+  Although a few surveys and other investigations of injuries have been
+
+  conducted over the years, injury epidemiology and control remain
+
+  under-researched and relatively neglected subject areas. Much needs to
+
+  be done. Collection and analysis of injury data need to be standardised,
+
+  for example regarding age groups, gender disaggregation and severity.
+
+  Injuries and accidents should be subdivided in at least road traffic
+
+  injury, fall, burn, assault, poisoning, drowning, suicide, homicide and
+
+  others, and details regarding time and place, victim and main cause
+
+  should be noted. Morbidity survey field staff should be informed that
+
+  injuries are part of the illness concept and that questions should be
+
+  asked accordingly. Details regarding the circumstances surrounding
+
+  different injuries must be known to those who develop preventive
+
+  programmes. Injury is a public health problem affecting some people more
+
+  than others. Our ordinary environment - the home, the work-site, the
+
+  street or road - represents various kinds of risk, and some of these are
+
+  difficult to eliminate. Not only do we have to accept much of our
+
+  environment with its existing houses, equipment, vehicles, transport
+
+  systems, energy supply, toxic substances etcetera, many also suffer from
+
+  various inherited or acquired conditions that increase the risk. We
+
+  therefore need to develop safer and more ``forgiving{''''} living
+
+  environments where ordinary people can live and move around safely.
+
+  Injury control activities may focus on different categories of injury.
+
+  Road safety measures often include information and education campaigns,
+
+  improved driver training, road design and maintenance, regular vehicle
+
+  safety checks, separation of pedestrians from vehicle traffic, speed
+
+  limits, safety belt, air-bag and helmet use, special training and
+
+  control of public service vehicle drivers, bicycle lane separation, road
+
+  lighting, reflectorised materials on clothing, review of the road
+
+  traffic related legislation and law enforcement, and emergency medical
+
+  services improvement. Domestic injuries can be prevented for example
+
+  with window guards, child barriers at stairs, smoke detectors, clothes
+
+  and furniture in less flammable materials, replacement of open stoves,
+
+  stabilising of open lamps, fire-fighting equipment and practice,
+
+  child-proof poison packaging and storage, safe disposal of toxic waste,
+
+  home safety education of parents, and strict building code enforcement.
+
+  Occupational injuries can largely be prevented if well adapted to the
+
+  work environment. Research is required in several areas. An improved
+
+  facility-based injury recording and reporting system needs to be
+
+  developed and tested. There is need to combine data collection methods,
+
+  such as interview surveys, hospital records, police records, focus group
+
+  discussions and key informant interviews. The outcome of emergency
+
+  medical care and of different forms of transport and referral needs to
+
+  be determined. Different combinations of preventive interventions needs
+
+  to be evaluated. This review is intended as guidance for those who need
+
+  a broad overview of the subject of injury occurrence and prevention in
+
+  Africa, for example in preparation for the development of injury control
+
+  programmes or to help identify issues requiring further research in this
+
+  field.'
+affiliation: 'Nordberg, E (Corresponding Author), African Med \& Res Fdn, POB 30125,
+  Nairobi, Kenya.
+
+  African Med \& Res Fdn, Nairobi, Kenya.'
+author: Nordberg, E
+author_list:
+- family: Nordberg
+  given: E
+da: '2023-09-28'
+files: []
+issn: 0012-835X
+journal: EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
+keywords-plus: 'ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; RURAL SWEDISH MUNICIPALITY; NORTHEASTERN OHIO
+
+  TRAUMA; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; THIRD-WORLD; SRI-LANKA; CHILDHOOD BURNS;
+
+  UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES'
+language: English
+month: DEC
+number: 12, S
+number-of-cited-references: '372'
+pages: S1-S43
+papis_id: d662f65fedfbb12ad7f68a0d567c52b4
+ref: Nordberg2000injuriespublic
+tags:
+- review
+times-cited: '72'
+title: 'Injuries as a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa: Epidemiology and
+  prospects for control'
+type: Review
+unique-id: WOS:000166195100001
+usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
+usage-count-since-2013: '36'
+volume: '77'
+web-of-science-categories: Medicine, General \& Internal
+year: '2000'