diff --git a/02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib b/02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib index 5bc0a0c..8254e59 100644 --- a/02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib +++ b/02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib @@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Britain,inequality::income,issue::inequality,issue::policy,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Britain,inequality::income,issue::inequality,issue::policy,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{Acosta2020, @@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {40}, web-of-science-categories = {Political Science}, - keywords = {cite::channels,cite::framework,inequality::gender,inequality::income,inequality::socio-demographic,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::channels,cite::framework,inequality::gender,inequality::income,inequality::socio-demographic,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{Ahmed2019, @@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {done::prelim,sample::database,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {done::prelim,sample::database,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/SDX6EH7A/Ahumada_2023_Trade union strength, business power, and labor policy reform.pdf} } @@ -1602,7 +1602,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {done::prelim,inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {done::prelim,inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/INZ9V9EK/Alexiou_Trachanas_2023_The impact of trade unions and government party orientation on income inequality.pdf} } @@ -1665,7 +1665,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {6}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {country::New\_Zealand,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::New_Zealand,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/2GJJTPWY/Alinaghi et al_2020_The redistributive effects of a minimum wage increase in new zealand.pdf} } @@ -2113,7 +2113,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {CONTEXT Although research from Western contexts suggests that considerable inequalities for female medical educators exist in the workplace, we do not yet know the views and experiences of women within non-Western contexts. By examining the influence of context, intersecting identities and language use, this study explores female medical educators' views and experiences of gender, career progression and leadership in academic medicine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS We conducted individual interviews employing narrative interviewing techniques with 25 female medical educators from five schools in the KSA (June to December 2014). Data were analysed using framework analysis and drew on intersectionality theory. RESULTS Participants expressed their views and experiences of career progression, leadership and gendered workplace cultures. Women's experiences of career progression and leadership in the KSA were influenced by their gender and varied according to their career stage, work environment and specialty. Participants discussed the gendered organisational cultures of academic medicine in the KSA in terms of gender inequalities (e.g. females being overlooked for leadership positions), gender stereotypes (e.g. women perceived as more likely to take part in shared leadership) and gendered specialties (e.g. surgery being male dominated). We revealed women's more tacit understandings about gender, career progression and leadership by examining how they talk (e.g. metaphoric, pronominal and emotional talk). Finally, participants constructed multiple intersecting personal (e.g. female, mother and young) and professional identities (e.g. doctor, teacher and leader) for themselves through their narratives. CONCLUSION This study provides important new insights into female medical educators' experiences of career progression and leadership in a non-Western context. Investment in the future of women's careers in the KSA through faculty development initiatives and equality and diversity policies is now essential to help close the gender gap.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Saudi\_Arabia,inequality::gender,issue::policy,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::snowballing}, + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Saudi_Arabia,inequality::gender,issue::policy,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::snowballing}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/FLSTPAUS/Alwazzan_Rees_2016_Women in medical education.pdf} } @@ -2409,7 +2409,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {People who leave welfare commonly return, and this phenomenon has become more pressing in the time-limited TANF program. Fostering stable TANF exits may be particularly difficult in poor inner-city areas because of job shortages and neighborhood deterioration. Perspectives of TANF leavers from five focus groups in Chicago about problems leading to welfare returns are presented. Participants indicated that low wages and unstable jobs were most often responsible for TANF returns. Obtaining health care and child care and inconsistent performance of TANF caseworkers were stressed as contributing factors. Participants also focused on strengths helpful in sustaining exits from TANF, particularly psychological benefits associated with working and informal supports received from family members and friends. The implications of recipient-identified problems and strengths are discussed, including balancing ``work first'' employment policies with substantive educational and job development policies. Strategies for improving the performance of TANF case planning are discussed.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::gender,inequality::poverty,issue::inequality,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::snowballing,type::direct\_transfer} + keywords = {country::US,inequality::gender,inequality::poverty,issue::inequality,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::snowballing,type::direct_transfer} } @article{Anderson2006, @@ -2626,7 +2626,7 @@ The authors conclude that, while there are modest positive outcomes, none of the urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically some of the factors which influence the ability and/or desire of women to join the labour force in Trinidad and Tobago. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used is based on a probit model employing variables such as education, age and earnings to estimate the probability of participation. Additionally, the influence of country-specific qualitative factors, such as ethnicity and religion, were also considered. Findings The results of the model revealed that the level of schooling, age, household headship, and being single have positive influences on female participation in Trinidad and Tobago. Conversely, the presence of children in the household, accessing social security programmes, and chronic illness had negative effects on participation. Social implications National surveys such as the Survey of Living Conditions (SLC) and the Household Budget Survey (HBS) have revealed a higher incidence of poverty among women compared to men in Trinidad and Tobago. One possible reason for this is the corresponding lower labour force participation rate of women when compared to men. Originality/value This research is particularly unique since it included both economic and non-economic variables (religion and ethnicity) specific to the Trinidad and Tobago economy to investigate female participation in the labour market. Furthermore, the results of this research can serve as a useful tool for more gender-sensitive policy formulation in Trinidad and Tobago, and possibly the wider Caribbean region.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Trinidad\_Tobago,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Trinidad_Tobago,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @article{AnneRoopnarine2012a, @@ -5040,7 +5040,7 @@ does NOT look at WoW} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {43}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {inequality::generational,inequality::health,inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {inequality::generational,inequality::health,inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum_wage}, note = {looks at inequality; LM adjacent features \par might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, @@ -5400,7 +5400,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies}, - keywords = {country::India,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::work\_programme}, + keywords = {country::India,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::work_programme}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/6LVETBSR/Baruah2017_Women_on_Wheels.pdf} } @@ -5950,7 +5950,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {8}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Regional \& Urban Planning}, - keywords = {country::Czech\_Republic,country::Slovakia,inequality::age,out::abstract,sample::database}, + keywords = {country::Czech_Republic,country::Slovakia,inequality::age,out::abstract,sample::database}, note = {18th International-Business-Information-Management-Association Conference, Istanbul, TURKEY, MAY 09-10, 2012} } @@ -8057,7 +8057,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {8}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {country::Brazil,inequality::income,method::quantitative,region::LAC,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::Brazil,inequality::income,method::quantitative,region::LAC,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/MLTIYRRN/Brito2017_The_contribution_of_minimum_wage_valorization_policy_to_the_decline_in.pdf} } @@ -8084,7 +8084,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {13}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {country::Australia,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::poverty,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::maternity\_benefit,type::rtw}, + keywords = {country::Australia,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::poverty,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::maternity_benefit,type::rtw}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/F626YCPQ/Broadway et al_2020_The impact of paid parental leave on labor supply and employment outcomes in.pdf} } @@ -8324,7 +8324,7 @@ whereas abstract, general training knowledge has little to no impact, more local usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {country::Britain,country::Germany,inequality::income,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct\_transfer}, + keywords = {country::Britain,country::Germany,inequality::income,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct_transfer}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/DDLRP8GQ/Bruelle_2021_Dualisation versus targeting.pdf} } @@ -9410,7 +9410,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {20}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies; Economics}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,country::Uganda,inequality::gender,issue::policy,method::quantitative,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, + keywords = {cite::further_reading,country::Uganda,inequality::gender,issue::policy,method::quantitative,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/3N6NYLGU/Campos2016_How_does_the_choice_of_the_gender_indicator_affect_the_analysis_of_gender.pdf} } @@ -9528,7 +9528,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Italy,done::prelim,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Italy,done::prelim,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,type::collective_action}, note = {15th International Conference on Developments in Economic Theory and Policy, Bilbao, SPAIN, JUN 28-29, 2018}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/F8CVLJX5/Cardinaleschi et al_2019_Effects of decentralised bargaining on gender inequality.pdf} } @@ -9947,7 +9947,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} issn = {0276-8739, 1520-6688}, doi = {10.1002/pam.20337}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, - abstract = {Abstract This paper reviews the literature on poverty dynamics in the U.S. It surveys the most prevalent data, theories, and methods used to answer three key questions: How likely are people to enter, exit, and reenter poverty? How long do people remain in poverty? And what events are associated with entering and exiting poverty? The paper then analyzes the combined findings of the literature, discussing overarching patterns of poverty dynamics, differences among demographic groups, and how poverty probabilities, duration, and events have changed over time. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of these findings and avenues for future research. {\textcopyright} 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.}, + abstract = {Abstract This paper reviews the literature on poverty dynamics in the U.S. It surveys the most prevalent data, theories, and methods used to answer three key questions: How likely are people to enter, exit, and reenter poverty? How long do people remain in poverty? And what events are associated with entering and exiting poverty? The paper then analyzes the combined findings of the literature, discussing overarching patterns of poverty dynamics, differences among demographic groups, and how poverty probabilities, duration, and events have changed over time. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of these findings and avenues for future research. {\copyright} 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -10184,7 +10184,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} doi = {10.1111/jmwh.13243}, abstract = {Introduction Returning to paid employment is one of the reasons women stop breastfeeding earlier than they planned to. This systematic review aimed to provide insight into the experiences and views of women and employers on breastfeeding and returning to paid employment, with findings used to inform practice and policy. Methods The review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published in English. JBI's meta-aggregative approach informed data analysis. The studies in this analysis included women who stopped breastfeeding before, and those who continued breastfeeding after, returning to paid employment and the employers, work managers, or supervisors of women who continued breastfeeding after returning to paid employment. Results Twenty-six articles presenting findings from 25 studies were included and critically appraised. Synthesized findings showed that women experienced physical and emotional difficulties and described gender and employment inequalities in accessing and receiving the support they needed. Women reported that the importance of their own motivation and having workplace legislation in place facilitated breastfeeding during employment. Support from employers, colleagues, and family members, as well as access to convenient child care, helped women continue breastfeeding on return to paid employment. Employers' personal experiences influenced their views on breastfeeding and working, and the need for more education and communication between employers and employers on breastfeeding in the workplace was recognized. Discussion Support from family, work colleagues, and employers was important to reduce the physical and emotional challenges women experienced when combing breastfeeding with return to paid employment. Gender inequalities, especially in low- and middle-income countries, in accessing support exacerbated the difficulties women experienced. Limited data were identified regarding employers' experiences and views, suggesting an urgent need for further research to explore employers' and work colleagues' experiences and views.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::title,outcome::health,outcome::rtw,review::qualitative,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball\_source,TODO::review}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::title,outcome::health,outcome::rtw,review::qualitative,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball_source,TODO::review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/NNBJSYFS/Chang2021_Women's_and_Employers'_Experiences_and_Views_of_Combining_Breastfeeding_with_a.pdf} } @@ -10210,7 +10210,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} usage-count-last-180-days = {8}, usage-count-since-2013 = {40}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {done::extracted,inequality::income,region::global,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {done::extracted,inequality::income,region::global,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/HSIDD9AP/Chao et al_2022_Minimum wage, firm dynamics, and wage inequality.pdf} } @@ -10324,7 +10324,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} doi = {10.1007/s12571-021-01171-x}, abstract = {Mounting concerns over food insecurity have emerged as a key agenda in many recent global development dialogues, on accounts of observed and expected health outcomes. The present study attempts a reflective summary around a yet little-explored aspect of food insecurity: health and social ramifications of coping behaviours (adaptive strategies to improve food availability, accessibility, utilisation, and stability), with specific emphasis on women and children. We conducted a systematic literature with different search engines and databases to identify a diversity of recent journal articles, reports, working papers, white papers, proceedings, dissertations, newspaper articles, book chapters, and grey literature, published in the post-2000s period. We thus identified two broad generic categories in the relevant global literature: coping behaviours that are (a) non-food (livelihood alterations) and (2) food-based. For women, the former includes outdoor employment, selling asset bases, borrowing food and/or money, and purchasing food on credit. Food-based coping strategies included reduced daily meal portion sizes and reducing the frequency of food uptake or skipping meals altogether (i.e., Food Rationing); nutritional switch (i.e., Food Stretching); and Food Sharing. Coping behaviours involving children primarily include dropping out of school, begging, stealing, and Food Seeking (i.e., eating outside home, with relatives or friends, or at charitable institutions). The likely health outcomes included stunting and wasting, disrupted socio-cognitive development among children. A subsidiary idea to conduct this study was to offer the concerned authorities an insight into the breadth of coping behaviours, so as to help them anticipate targeted and gender-responsive interventions on a priori basis. We offer a discourse on what we refer to as time poverty, especially for farm women, resulting from obligatory outdoor employment, mostly as farm labourers to highlight a social paradox: women provide massive contributions in the translation of high value goods and services of a vibrant global agricultural system, and yet are among the first victims of food insecurity themselves. This situation contradicts a number of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and aggravates gender disparity. In final section we appeal for more targeted, evidence-based research to establish direct causal linkages between food insecurity and coping behaviours, distinguishing them from life-as-usual scenarios. To that end, we present a brief critique on Coping Strategy Index (CSI) -a widely used tool to evaluate severity of coping behaviours.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::poverty,out::title,outcome::educational,outcome::job\_quality,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::poverty,out::title,outcome::educational,outcome::job_quality,review::systematic,snowball_source}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/DA48J8QM/Chaudhuri et al_2021_Coping Behaviours and the concept of Time Poverty.pdf} } @@ -10636,7 +10636,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {9}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {inequality::consumption,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct\_transfer}, + keywords = {inequality::consumption,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct_transfer}, note = {Strong urgence to consider why absence of wealth inequality is a chosen control. Does this ever produce reliable results outside of a vacuum then?}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/86YCBSB9/Chen2021_Are_unconditional_lump-sum_transfers_a_good_idea.pdf} } @@ -10704,7 +10704,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {24}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Work}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::racial,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct\_transfer}, + keywords = {country::US,inequality::racial,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct_transfer}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/BFJICZSI/Cheng2017_Racial_disparities_in_welfare_dependence_and_financial_independence.pdf} } @@ -11405,7 +11405,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Abstract Despite evidence from other regions, researchers and policy-makers remain skeptical that women's disproportionate childcare responsibilities act as a significant barrier to women's economic empowerment in Africa. This randomized control trial study in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, demonstrates that limited access to affordable early childcare inhibits poor urban women's participation in paid work. Women who were offered vouchers for subsidized early childcare were, on average, 8.5 percentage points more likely to be employed than those who were not given vouchers. Most of these employment gains were realized by married mothers. Single mothers, in contrast, benefited by significantly reducing the time spent working without any loss to their earnings by shifting to jobs with more regular hours. The effects on other measures of women's economic empowerment were mixed. With the exception of children's health care, access to subsidized daycare did not increase women's participation in other important household decisions. In addition, contrary to concerns that reducing the costs of childcare may elevate women's desire for more children, we find no effect on women's fertility intentions. These findings demonstrate that the impact of subsidized childcare differs by marital status and across outcomes. Nonetheless, in poor urban Africa, as elsewhere, failure to address women's childcare needs undermines efforts to promote women's economic empowerment.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::Kenya,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,inequality::poverty,region::SSA,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Kenya,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,inequality::poverty,region::SSA,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/A3WU499D/Clark et al_2019_The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa.pdf} } @@ -13244,7 +13244,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Medicine, General \& Internal}, - keywords = {country::Bangladesh,inequality::education,inequality::generational,method::qualitative,method::quantitative,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Bangladesh,inequality::education,inequality::generational,method::qualitative,method::quantitative,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ZZBWIVEQ/Das et al_2018_Protocol to develop sustainable day care for children aged 1-4 years in.pdf} } @@ -13428,7 +13428,7 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy}, usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Management; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {country::Britain,done::extracted,inequality::gender,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::maternity\_benefit,type::rtw}, + keywords = {country::Britain,done::extracted,inequality::gender,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::maternity_benefit,type::rtw}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/YJVUAWIA/Davies et al_2022_Maternity provision, contract status, and likelihood of returning to work.pdf} } @@ -13464,7 +13464,7 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {Looking back at more than 45 years of official multicultural policy in Canada, this article asks us to reflect on how the experiences of Black male youth in Toronto and the ways in which race, class, age, and gender intersect to alienate them from full access to educational and employment opportunities disrupt the construction of Canada as an ``ideal'' and ``exceptional'' multicultural democracy, built on unchallenged assumptions of inclusivity and impartiality. While Canadian multiculturalism promises respect for cultural differences, free education, and access to jobs for all citizens regardless of national origin or ethnicity, this promise is not borne out in the lives of poor black youth. The article centres the voices and perspectives of these youth by drawing on the documentary The Real Toronto, filmed during the ``Summer of the Gun'' in 2005, and on the findings from a three-year transnational study of the effects of violence on Black youth in Canada and Jamaica, collected eight years later in 2013. The article argues that Black urban male youth, by situating their precarious life experiences on the margins of a set of core Canadian values, destabilize our understanding of Canadian society by revealing the ways in which they are routinely criminalized and pathologized, and by demanding greater access to upward mobility.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,country::Canada,inequality::age,inequality::income,inequality::racial,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::snowballing} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,country::Canada,inequality::age,inequality::income,inequality::racial,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::snowballing} } @article{Dayioglu2006, @@ -13496,7 +13496,7 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy}, issn = {1052-9284, 1099-1298}, doi = {10.1002/casp.900}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {Abstract Stigma has been identified as a major barrier to health care and quality of life in illness management. But unfortunately there is no common theoretical perspective on stigma. We need a sustainable theory of health-related stigma. This would start with a coherent definition of stigma that brings together both individual and social dimensions of this complex phenomenon. It would reassesses the existence of `types' of stigma and explain how stigma relates to disadvantage. A sustainable theory would help researchers to move from theory into practice: to develop a comprehensive measurement tool for stigma and related disadvantage, and inform design, monitoring and evaluation of anti-stigma interventions. This paper draws on two recent literature reviews on HIV/AIDS stigma to introduce several key issues in developing a sustainable theory of stigma. We suggest limiting the definition of stigma to the process of othering, blaming and shaming (often called symbolic stigma). We argue that there is value in analytically separating stigma from discrimination in order to better understand the relationship between them. We also suggest the need to understand discrimination caused by stigma as only one element of stigma-related disadvantage. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2006 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, + abstract = {Abstract Stigma has been identified as a major barrier to health care and quality of life in illness management. But unfortunately there is no common theoretical perspective on stigma. We need a sustainable theory of health-related stigma. This would start with a coherent definition of stigma that brings together both individual and social dimensions of this complex phenomenon. It would reassesses the existence of `types' of stigma and explain how stigma relates to disadvantage. A sustainable theory would help researchers to move from theory into practice: to develop a comprehensive measurement tool for stigma and related disadvantage, and inform design, monitoring and evaluation of anti-stigma interventions. This paper draws on two recent literature reviews on HIV/AIDS stigma to introduce several key issues in developing a sustainable theory of stigma. We suggest limiting the definition of stigma to the process of othering, blaming and shaming (often called symbolic stigma). We argue that there is value in analytically separating stigma from discrimination in order to better understand the relationship between them. We also suggest the need to understand discrimination caused by stigma as only one element of stigma-related disadvantage. Copyright {\copyright} 2006 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -14129,7 +14129,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi doi = {10.3390/su12229459}, abstract = {The objective of this article is to determine, as conclusively as possible, if the implementation of a Universal Basic Income (UBI) would lead to a significant reduction in the working age population labour supply. If this were true, implementation of a UBI may not be sustainable. To do this, we will compile empirical evidence from studies over the last few decades on the effects of implementation of a UBI on employment. We apply the PRISMA methodology to better judge their validity, which ensures maximum reliability of the results by avoiding biases and making the work reproducible. Given that the methodologies used in these studies are diverse, they are reviewed to contextualize the results taking into account the possible limitations detected in these methodologies. While many authors have been writing about this issue citing experiences or experiments, the added value of this article is that it performs a systematic review following a widely tested scientific methodology. Over 1200 documents that discuss the UBI/employment relationship have been reviewed. We found a total of 50 empirical cases, of which 18 were selected, and 38 studies with contrasted empirical evidence on this relationship. The results speak for themselves: Despite a detailed search, we have not found any evidence of a significant reduction in labour supply. Instead, we found evidence that labour supply increases globally among adults, men and women, young and old, and the existence of some insignificant and functional reductions to the system such as a decrease in workers from the following categories: Children, the elderly, the sick, those with disabilities, women with young children to look after, or young people who continued studying. These reductions do not reduce the overall supply since it is largely offset by increased supply from other members of the community.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,intervention::basic\_income,out::title,outcome::labour\_supply,review::systematic}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,intervention::basic_income,out::title,outcome::labour_supply,review::systematic}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QSDCV6EM/de Paz-Banez et al_2020_Is There Empirical Evidence on How the Implementation of a Universal Basic.pdf} } @@ -14395,7 +14395,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {26}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Environmental Studies; Urban Studies}, - keywords = {country::France,inequality::income,inequality::migration,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::regulation,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {country::France,inequality::income,inequality::migration,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::regulation,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/PBRQBNY3/Detang-Dessendre2016_Local_labor_market_flexibility_in_a_perceived_low_migration_country.pdf} } @@ -14663,7 +14663,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {42}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,done::prelim,inequality::gender,inequality::income,region::EU,sample::database,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {cite::channels,done::prelim,inequality::gender,inequality::income,region::EU,sample::database,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/MVQT7GFS/Dieckhoff et al_2015_Measuring the effect of institutional change on gender inequality in the labour.pdf} } @@ -15657,7 +15657,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {We study resource allocation within households in C{\^o}te d'Ivoire. In C{\^o}te d'Ivoire, as in much of Africa, husbands and wives farm separate plots, and there is some specialization by gender in the crops that are grown. These different crops are differentially sensitive to particular kinds of rainfall shocks. We find that conditional on overall levels of expenditure, the composition of household expenditure is sensitive to the gender of the recipient of a rainfall shock. For example, rainfall shocks associated with high yields of women's crops shift expenditure towards food. Strong social norms constrain the use of profits from yam cultivation, which is carried out almost exclusively by men. In line with these norms, we find that rainfall-induced fluctuations in income from yams are transmitted to expenditures on education and food, not to expenditures on private goods (like alcohol and tobacco). We reject the hypothesis of complete insurance within households, even with respect to publicly observable weather shocks. Different sources of income are allocated to different uses depending upon both the identity of the income earner and upon the origin of the income.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::Ivory\_Coast,inequality::gender,issue::policy,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} + keywords = {country::Ivory_Coast,inequality::gender,issue::policy,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @techreport{Duflo2004a, @@ -15755,7 +15755,7 @@ The authors suggest this is due to most of the cash grant diverted from the busi usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Food Science \& Technology; Nutrition \& Dietetics}, - keywords = {country::Kenya,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::full-text,region::SSA,relevant,sample::database,type::direct\_transfer}, + keywords = {country::Kenya,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::full-text,region::SSA,relevant,sample::database,type::direct_transfer}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/YLF85CVM/Dumas et al_2018_“Men are in front at eating time, but not when it comes to rearing the chicken”.pdf} } @@ -15907,7 +15907,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {This paper evaluates the impact of three major expansions in maternity leave coverage in Germany on children's long-run outcomes. To identify the causal impact of the reforms, we use a difference-indifference design that compares outcomes of children born shortly before and shortly after a change in maternity leave legislation in years of policy changes, and in years when no changes have taken place. We find no support for the hypothesis that the expansions in leave coverage improved children's outcomes, despite a strong impact on mothers' return to work behavior after childbirth. (JEL J13, J16, J22, J32)}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::Germany,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Germany,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/Q2X23YEW/Dustmann_Schönberg_2012_Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children's Long-Term Outcomes.pdf} } @@ -16304,7 +16304,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {The recently adopted 2030 SDGs shows the commitment of government of countries to reducing all forms of poverty among its citizens. Livelihoods and livelihood diversification have been identified as a tool in fighting poverty. However, relevance of livelihood diversification is an environment with robust social security programme like South Africa is unknown. The study utilized information obtained from the annual General Household Survey of South Africa carried out in 2014. Information which include demographic characteristics of households and individuals, education, health, access to public assets, ownership of private assets, household welfare, and household livelihoods among others were obtained using a structured questionnaire. A total number of 3033 households sampled from the province using a multi-stage design with probability proportionate to size was used in the study. Data were analysed using a modified Multidimensional Poverty Index which is the most recent approach to poverty assessment, descriptive statistics and Tobit regression model. The result of descriptive statistics shows that households in the province are not diversified (diversification is proxy by having other income sources), only 5.41 percent of the households have more than one sources of income. About 53 percent of diversified households are located in the urban area of the province. The descriptive statistics result also show that majority of households who are considered poor or severely poor have heads with low educational attainment and they are located in the rural area of the province. The result of Tobit regression shows that livelihood diversification is not significant in influencing household poverty in the Province. Other socioeconomic characteristics significant in influencing poverty are characteristics of head which include gender, education and employment status, access to electricity, engagement in agriculture, total income, asset score and geographical location. This study suggest among others things the need for the provincial government to initiate policies that will stimulate household economic investment, like further linking of government transfers to household investment grant. Also, there is a need for the provincial government to strengthen policies that promote affordable and accessible education, access to electricity for the poor, asset accumulation, engagement in home stead agriculture, and intensification of poverty reduction programmes in the rural areas.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::South\_Africa,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing} + keywords = {country::South_Africa,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing} } @article{Ebert2021, @@ -16394,7 +16394,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {6}, usage-count-since-2013 = {21}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::framework,country::US,inequality::income,issue::empirical,out::full-text,sample::database,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {cite::framework,country::US,inequality::income,issue::empirical,out::full-text,sample::database,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/93ZA5REJ/Eckardt_2022_Minimum wages in an automating economy.pdf} } @@ -16472,7 +16472,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {26}, web-of-science-categories = {Family Studies}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::income,issue::policy,out::full-text,sample::database,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::income,issue::policy,out::full-text,sample::database,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/5ZH9KQ2V/Edgell2012_Making_ends_meet.pdf} } @@ -16635,7 +16635,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {8}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research; Psychology, Educational}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::disability,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database}, + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::disability,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database}, note = {13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), Valencia, SPAIN, MAR 11-13, 2019} } @@ -16727,7 +16727,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Abstract Many governments are making attempts to increase fathers' share of parental leave in order to correct for unequal labor market outcomes. Using Swedish data, we ask whether fathers can be encouraged to take more parental leave in order to mitigate the negative consequences of mothers' career interruptions. The unique data stem from a reform of parental leave, resulting in a clean natural experiment. Data comprise all children born before (control group) and after (treatment group) the date of implementation of the reform, in cohorts of up to 27,000 newborns, mothers and fathers. We find strong short-term effects of the incentives on male parental leave, but no behavioral effects in the household. Fathers in the treatment group do not take larger shares of the leave taken for care of sick children, which is our measure for household work. We also investigate a second data set on fathers' and mothers' long-term wages and employment, without finding evidence for substantial effects of the reform. Highlights ► The parental leave reform in Sweden increased men's parental leave. ► The reform did not affect intra-household human capital specialization. ► The reform had little if any effect on gender gaps in wages and employment.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::Denmark,december,inequality::gender,inequality::income,region::EU,relevant,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Denmark,december,inequality::gender,inequality::income,region::EU,relevant,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/UYR6T7KF/Ekberg et al_2013_Parental leave — A policy evaluation of the Swedish “Daddy-Month” reform.pdf} } @@ -16774,7 +16774,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} issn = {1057-9249, 1099-1611}, doi = {10.1002/pon.1144}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {Abstract Background: This is a preliminary study to identify patients with cancer who appeared with very advanced disease and to report the common reasons for their delay. It was undertaken because the numbers of such patients appeared to be increasing. Method: A convenience sample of 20 patients were identified by the oncologist (P.N.) as appearing with very late stage disease or appearing and not returning until a late stage. They were interviewed by the psychologist (A.E.) to determine: symptom onset; treatment sought; reasons for seeking consultation; beliefs, fears, and level of information about cancer; and willingness to be treated. Results: The primary reasons given for waiting so long to seek care were: inability to pay for medical care (10); inadequate diagnosis by general doctors leading to time lost before coming for consultation; (9); beliefs, fears, cultural factors, ignorance (9). More than one factor could be identified in half the patients. Conclusion: Understanding the factors that influence delay is important to improving the outcomes for cancer patients. Factors that contribute to delay in developing countries appear to be largely the paucity of appropriate health care, coupled with poor information, and beliefs and fears about cancer. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2007 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, + abstract = {Abstract Background: This is a preliminary study to identify patients with cancer who appeared with very advanced disease and to report the common reasons for their delay. It was undertaken because the numbers of such patients appeared to be increasing. Method: A convenience sample of 20 patients were identified by the oncologist (P.N.) as appearing with very late stage disease or appearing and not returning until a late stage. They were interviewed by the psychologist (A.E.) to determine: symptom onset; treatment sought; reasons for seeking consultation; beliefs, fears, and level of information about cancer; and willingness to be treated. Results: The primary reasons given for waiting so long to seek care were: inability to pay for medical care (10); inadequate diagnosis by general doctors leading to time lost before coming for consultation; (9); beliefs, fears, cultural factors, ignorance (9). More than one factor could be identified in half the patients. Conclusion: Understanding the factors that influence delay is important to improving the outcomes for cancer patients. Factors that contribute to delay in developing countries appear to be largely the paucity of appropriate health care, coupled with poor information, and beliefs and fears about cancer. Copyright {\copyright} 2007 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -17195,7 +17195,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {17}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology}, - keywords = {done::extracted,inequality::poverty,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::direct\_transfer}, + keywords = {done::extracted,inequality::poverty,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::direct_transfer}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/RNQQMYX5/Emigh et al_2018_The effect of state transfers on poverty in post-socialist eastern europe.pdf} } @@ -17221,7 +17221,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {6}, web-of-science-categories = {Geriatrics \& Gerontology; Gerontology}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::age,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::counseling,type::work\_programme}, + keywords = {country::US,inequality::age,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::counseling,type::work_programme}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/BZU3BV3X/Encel2004_Older_workers.pdf} } @@ -17270,7 +17270,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} issn = {0902-0063, 1399-0012}, doi = {10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01441.x}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, - abstract = {Eng M, Zhang J, Cambon A, Marvin MR, Gleason J. Employment outcomes following successful renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01441.x. {\textcopyright} 2011 John Wiley \& Sons A/S. Abstract:\hspace{0.6em} Background:\hspace{0.6em} Data on employment outcomes after successful renal transplantation are few. We conducted this study to identify favorable factors for employment after transplantation. Methods:\hspace{0.6em} Adult patients {$<$}65{$\quad$}yr of age who underwent renal transplantation between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2007 were surveyed. Patients with graft survival {$<$}1{$\quad$}yr were excluded. We also tested their knowledge of Medicare coverage after transplantation. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. p-Value {$<$}0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:\hspace{0.6em} A 55\% response rate was obtained where 56\% of respondents were employed after transplantation. Race, marital status, previous transplant, and complicated post-operative course did not influence employment. Favorable factors include male gender (p{$\quad$}= {$\quad$} 0.04), younger age ({$<$}40 [p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.0003] or {$<$}50{$\quad$}yr [p {$\quad$} {$<$} {$\quad$} 0.0001]), having {$\geq$}1 dependent (p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.04), higher education (minimum high school degree [p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.003] or some college [p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.002]), live donor recipient (p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.004), wait time {$<$}2{$\quad$}yr (p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.03), dialysis {$<$}2{$\quad$}yr (p {$\quad$} {$<$} {$\quad$} 0.0001) or pre-dialysis (p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.04), and pre-transplantation employment (p {$\quad$} {$<$} {$\quad$} 0.0001). Mean time for employment was 4.9{$\quad\pm\quad$}6.3{$\quad$}months (median three{$\quad$}months). Common reasons for unemployment were disability (59\%) and retirement (27\%). Finally, 7\% correctly responded that Medicare benefits end 36{$\quad$}months following transplantation. Conclusions:\hspace{0.6em} Potentially modifiable factors to improve employment are earlier referral and better education regarding Medicare eligibility.}, + abstract = {Eng M, Zhang J, Cambon A, Marvin MR, Gleason J. Employment outcomes following successful renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01441.x. {\copyright} 2011 John Wiley \& Sons A/S. Abstract:\hspace{0.6em} Background:\hspace{0.6em} Data on employment outcomes after successful renal transplantation are few. We conducted this study to identify favorable factors for employment after transplantation. Methods:\hspace{0.6em} Adult patients {$<$}65{$\quad$}yr of age who underwent renal transplantation between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2007 were surveyed. Patients with graft survival {$<$}1{$\quad$}yr were excluded. We also tested their knowledge of Medicare coverage after transplantation. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. p-Value {$<$}0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:\hspace{0.6em} A 55\% response rate was obtained where 56\% of respondents were employed after transplantation. Race, marital status, previous transplant, and complicated post-operative course did not influence employment. Favorable factors include male gender (p{$\quad$}= {$\quad$} 0.04), younger age ({$<$}40 [p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.0003] or {$<$}50{$\quad$}yr [p {$\quad$} {$<$} {$\quad$} 0.0001]), having {$\geq$}1 dependent (p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.04), higher education (minimum high school degree [p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.003] or some college [p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.002]), live donor recipient (p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.004), wait time {$<$}2{$\quad$}yr (p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.03), dialysis {$<$}2{$\quad$}yr (p {$\quad$} {$<$} {$\quad$} 0.0001) or pre-dialysis (p {$\quad$} = {$\quad$} 0.04), and pre-transplantation employment (p {$\quad$} {$<$} {$\quad$} 0.0001). Mean time for employment was 4.9{$\quad\pm\quad$}6.3{$\quad$}months (median three{$\quad$}months). Common reasons for unemployment were disability (59\%) and retirement (27\%). Finally, 7\% correctly responded that Medicare benefits end 36{$\quad$}months following transplantation. Conclusions:\hspace{0.6em} Potentially modifiable factors to improve employment are earlier referral and better education regarding Medicare eligibility.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::health,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @@ -17650,7 +17650,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Public Administration}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,country::Costa\_Rica,country::Uruguay,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::LAC,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,country::Costa_Rica,country::Uruguay,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::LAC,sample::database} } @article{Essers2007, @@ -17691,7 +17691,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {31}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Spain,inequality::gender,issue::policy,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Spain,inequality::gender,issue::policy,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{Estes2011, @@ -18303,7 +18303,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {34}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,done::prelim,inequality::racial,sample::database,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {cite::channels,done::prelim,inequality::racial,sample::database,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/JQAA5BDS/Ferguson_2015_The control of managerial discretion.pdf} } @@ -18669,7 +18669,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105313}, abstract = {This paper provides a narrative review of the literature that addresses the connection between women's reproductive health and women's economic activity. Women's reproductive health, gender equality and decent work, are all part of the Sustainable Development Goals and this review highlights how these Goals are interconnected. The review focuses on the relationship between fertility and women's work and provides a detailed discussion of the academic literature that identifies the causal effect of fertility on changes in female labor force participation. Fertility is captured by timing, spacing and number of chil-dren, and career advancement, job quality, and hours worked are addressed on the work side. The review contrasts the fertility-work nexus for low-, middle-and high-income countries separately, recognizing national income per capita as a moderator of the effect of fertility on female labor force participation. In low-income countries, where labor force participation is for the most part in the informal sector, women must adopt their own strategies for balancing child rearing and labor force participation, such as selection of job type, relying on other women in the household for childcare, and birth spacing to limit infants in their care. In middle-income countries, women juggle child rearing and labor force participation with the overarching issue of income inequality, and early childbearing and lone motherhood perpetuate poverty. For women in high-income countries, social protection policies can assist women in managing the balance of childrearing and work, but these policies do not address underlying issues of gender inequality. Despite these policies, career advancement is interrupted by childbearing. As the relationship between fertility and women's work varies by income per capita across countries, polices that support women in achieving balance in their desired family size and accessing decent work varies across countries. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::gender,inequality::health,out::title,review::narrative,sample::database,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::gender,inequality::health,out::title,review::narrative,sample::database,snowball_source}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/7GFBLXCK/Finlay_2021_Women's reproductive health and economic activity.pdf} } @@ -18803,7 +18803,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {18}, web-of-science-categories = {Political Science}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::income,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::US,inequality::income,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/IUGKDEBB/Flavin2017_The_state_of_the_minimum_wage.pdf} } @@ -18945,7 +18945,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {15}, web-of-science-categories = {Management; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {country::Hungary,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Hungary,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/2R5M2GQS/Fodor_Glass_2018_Negotiating for entitlement.pdf} } @@ -19038,7 +19038,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} doi = {10.17645/si.v1i2.113}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {The austerity movement in high-income countries of Europe and North America has renewed calls for a guaranteed Basic Income. At the same time, conditional and unconditional cash transfers accompanied by rigorous impact evaluations have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries with the explicit support of the World Bank. Both Basic Income and cash transfer programs are more confidently designed when based on empirical evidence and social theory that explain how and why cash transfers to citizens are effective ways of encouraging investment in human capital through health and education spending. Are conditional cash transfers more effective and/or more efficient than unconditional transfers? Are means-tested transfers effective? This essay draws explicit parallels between Basic Income and unconditional cash transfers, and demonstrates that cash transfers to citizens work in remarkably similar ways in low-, middle- and high-income countries. It addresses the theoretical foundation of cash transfers. Of the four theories discussed, three explicitly acknowledge the interdependence of society and are based, in increasingly complex ways, on ideas of social inclusion. Only if we have an understanding of how cash transfers affect decision-making can we address questions of how best to design cash transfer schemes.}, - keywords = {cite::framework,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::snowballing,type::direct\_transfer,type::ubi} + keywords = {cite::framework,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::snowballing,type::direct_transfer,type::ubi} } @incollection{Forgie2013, @@ -19350,7 +19350,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary}, - keywords = {country::South\_Africa,inequality::income,region::SSA,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::South_Africa,inequality::income,region::SSA,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/IX7X472E/Francis_Valodia_2021_Inequality in the South African labour market.pdf} } @@ -19459,7 +19459,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {16}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Urban Studies}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::QUESTION,type::structural,type::work\_programme}, + keywords = {country::US,inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::QUESTION,type::structural,type::work_programme}, note = {include studies with analysis periods before post-war period?} } @@ -19628,7 +19628,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {26}, web-of-science-categories = {Business, Finance}, - keywords = {inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QRJPDVEH/Furceri et al_2018_The effects of monetary policy shocks on inequality.pdf} } @@ -19921,7 +19921,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Reproductive health and employment are inextricably linked for women. Across the globe, women are the primary caretakers of children, and a woman's reproductive years tend to overlap with her economically productive years. Planned and unplanned pregnancy and childbearing affect women's ability to pursue different types of economic opportunities and even the choice of sectors in which they seek to work. This study explores the timing and sequencing of policy to address reproductive health needs and to strengthen labor market institutions and social protection, illustrated by case studies from six developing countries {\textendash} Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, South Africa, the Philippines, and Vietnam {\textendash} which have similar demographic transitions but divergent labor market outcomes for women. The findings suggest that where fertility transitions have been sharpest, this has not automatically translated into more employment and better labor market outcomes for women {\textendash} illuminating a critical role for policy to support women's transition into formal employment.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Brazil,country::Paraguay,country::Philippines,country::South\_Africa,country::Uruguay,country::Vietnam,inequality::gender,inequality::health,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Brazil,country::Paraguay,country::Philippines,country::South_Africa,country::Uruguay,country::Vietnam,inequality::gender,inequality::health,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @article{Gandhi2021, @@ -20558,7 +20558,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {11}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional \& Urban Planning}, - keywords = {country::Britain,done::extracted,inequality::income,inequality::spatial,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::Britain,done::extracted,inequality::income,inequality::spatial,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/MPC94RPG/Gilbert et al_2001_The potential impact of the minimum wage in rural areas.pdf} } @@ -20792,7 +20792,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {We study how parental leave benefit levels affect household labor supply, family income, and child outcomes, exploiting the speed premium (SP) in the Swedish leave system. The SP grants mothers higher benefits for a subsequent child without reestablishing eligibility through market work if two births occur within a prespecified interval. We use the spacing eligibility cutoffs in a regression discontinuity framework and find that the SP improves educational outcomes of the older child but not those of the younger. Impacts are likely driven by increased maternal time and the quality of maternal time relative to the counterfactual mode of care.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::Sweden,inequality::education,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Sweden,inequality::education,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/277Y7FUY/Ginja et al_2020_Parental Leave Benefits, Household Labor Supply, and Children’s Long-Run.pdf} } @@ -20851,7 +20851,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {25}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Work}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::generational,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct\_transfer,type::subsidy}, + keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::generational,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct_transfer,type::subsidy}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/2Q3KH5X5/Giuliani2017_Cash-for-care_policy_in_Sweden.pdf} } @@ -22614,7 +22614,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {Abstract Selective garbage collection and separation involves many of the urban poor. For them solid waste means resources and recycling becomes a survival strategy. In Brazil, almost a million recyclers perform the service of collecting, separating and commercializing recyclable material. Their work is considered mostly informal and is subject to health risks, accidents and exploitation. Some recyclers are organized in cooperatives, associations or social enterprises. These collective forms of organization provide important spaces for social inclusion and human development, by promoting meaningful work, increasing the workers' self-esteem and improving their living and working conditions. Resource recovery and recycling also generate net carbon credits, which need to be redirected towards this sector. The recent introduction of waste to energy technology is perceived as a threat to the recyclers' livelihoods. Incineration does not generate income, produces environmental contamination and competes with other forms of waste management. Action oriented, participatory research with recycling groups in Brazil supports the argument that organized recycling generates social, economic and environmental benefits and radically addresses poverty reduction. Remunerating the recyclers for their service and considering the environmental gains of their work ( Clean Development Mechanism ) tackles the Millennium Development Goal of poverty alleviation. Finally, participatory waste management has an important role to play in promoting necessary drastic changes towards a closed looped economies and more sustainable communities on a global scale.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,country::Brazil,inequality::poverty,out::full-text,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::work\_programme}, + keywords = {cite::further_reading,country::Brazil,inequality::poverty,out::full-text,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::work_programme}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/WTHSXGIZ/Gutberlet2012_Informal_and_Cooperative_Recycling_as_a_Poverty_Eradication_Strategy.pdf} } @@ -23277,7 +23277,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin issn = {0276-8739, 1520-6688}, doi = {10.1002/pam.20398}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {Abstract We describe trends in maternal employment and leave-taking after birth of a newborn and analyze the extent to which these behaviors are influenced by parental leave policies. Data are from the June Current Population Survey (CPS) Fertility Supplements, merged with other months of the CPS, and cover the period 1987 to 1994. This time span is one during which parental leave legislation expanded at both the state and federal level. We also provide the first comprehensive examination of employment and leave-taking by fathers of infants. Our main finding is that leave expansions are associated with increased leave-taking by both mothers and fathers. The magnitudes of the changes are small in absolute terms but large relative to the baseline for men and much greater for college-educated or married mothers than for their less-educated or single counterparts. {\textcopyright} 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management}, + abstract = {Abstract We describe trends in maternal employment and leave-taking after birth of a newborn and analyze the extent to which these behaviors are influenced by parental leave policies. Data are from the June Current Population Survey (CPS) Fertility Supplements, merged with other months of the CPS, and cover the period 1987 to 1994. This time span is one during which parental leave legislation expanded at both the state and federal level. We also provide the first comprehensive examination of employment and leave-taking by fathers of infants. Our main finding is that leave expansions are associated with increased leave-taking by both mothers and fathers. The magnitudes of the changes are small in absolute terms but large relative to the baseline for men and much greater for college-educated or married mothers than for their less-educated or single counterparts. {\copyright} 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -23322,7 +23322,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {21}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {inequality::income,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {inequality::income,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/XJZPVUQK/Han2021_Markups_and_income_inequality.pdf} } @@ -23562,7 +23562,7 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {We ask whether cheaper child care can spur labor supply of mothers in an economy with high female labor supply. We exploit exogenous variation in child care prices induced by a public reform. A triple difference approach is put forward. The results show that reduced child care prices led to a rise in labor supply of mothers by approximately 5 \%. A ``back-of-the-envelope'' calculation estimates an elasticity of approximately -0.25, which is at the lower end compared to other studies, suggesting that labor supply is less elastic when female employment is high. Since a capacity-increase was introduced at the same time, the positive labor supply effect may be a result of both reduced prices and increased capacity.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::Norway,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Norway,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/I8FLUQ56/Hardoy_Schøne_2015_Enticing even higher female labor supply.pdf} } @@ -23679,7 +23679,7 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {24}, web-of-science-categories = {Environmental Studies; Management; Public Administration}, - keywords = {country::South\_Africa,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::SSA,review::narrative,sample::database,TODO::review}, + keywords = {country::South_Africa,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::SSA,review::narrative,sample::database,TODO::review}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/DKIGK6VD/Harsh2018_The_role_of_emerging_technologies_in_inclusive_innovation.pdf} } @@ -23697,7 +23697,7 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Abstract Myrskyl{\"a} et al. (2009) found that the relationship between the human development index (HDI) and the total fertility rate (TFR) reverses from negative (i.e., increases in HDI are associated with decreases in TFR) to positive (i.e., increases in HDI are associated with increases in TFR) at an HDI level of 0.86. In this article, we show that the reversal in the HDI-TFR relationship is robust to neither the UNDP's recent revision in the HDI calculation method nor thedecomposition of the HDI into its education, standard-of-living, and health subindices.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @article{Hasan2021, @@ -23771,7 +23771,7 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Health Care Sciences \& Services; Health Policy \& Services; Medicine, General \& Internal}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::ethnicity,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::ethnicity,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Hastbacka2016, @@ -23787,7 +23787,7 @@ Could be used for snowballing but will presumably not have many matching studies doi = {10.1016/j.alter.2016.02.002}, abstract = {The aim of this scoping review is to explore previous scientific studies relating to the scholarly understanding of societal participation of people with disabilities. Six relevant databases within social science were searched using societal participation of people with disabilities, or different combinations thereof, as search words. The criteria for inclusion were: working-age people with disabilities; societal participation; accounting for facilitators or/and barriers of participation; geographical focus on or link to Europe, peer-reviewed studies using quantitative or qualitative methods published in English between January 2012 and December 2013. Thirty-two studies met these inclusion criteria. Each study was analysed relating to four measures: identity of the participator group, type of participation; type of facilitators; type of barriers. The findings show that there is a dominating focus on labour market participation and that societal participation was studied mostly concerning disabled people in general instead of any specific group. The main barriers identified were related to financial factors, attitudes, health issues and unemployment. The most frequently identified facilitators were related to legislation and disability policies, as well as to support from people in close contact with disabled people, attitudes in society and employment opportunities for people with disabilities. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Association ALTER.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::social,outcome::wage,review::scoping,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::social,outcome::wage,review::scoping,snowball_source}, note = {scoping review of linkages between societal participation and people with disabilities for identity of participant, type of participation, type of facilitators and barriers; focus on European countries (n=32, between 2012-2013) \par main findings: strongest focus on labour market participation; social participation viewed through lens of disabled people as one group instead of intersectional @@ -23880,7 +23880,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {8}, web-of-science-categories = {Women's Studies}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Czech\_Republic,country::Norway,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Czech_Republic,country::Norway,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Hawker2002, @@ -24072,7 +24072,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c usage-count-last-180-days = {9}, usage-count-since-2013 = {78}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {country::China,inequality::gender,inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {country::China,inequality::gender,inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/F9H3UTSI/He2017_Marketization,_occupational_segregation,_and_gender_earnings_inequality_in.pdf} } @@ -25278,7 +25278,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part doi = {10.18235/0001849}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {This paper evaluates the impacts of a public program that introduced access to part-time childcare centers for children younger than four years of age in poor urban areas in Nicaragua. We explore the effects of this program on several measures of children's and parental outcomes. Our identification strategy exploits the original randomization and the distance to the centers, using Instrumental Variables (IV) and Marginal Treatment Effects (MTE) methods to tackle imperfect compliance with the original treatment assignments. We present a theoretical model to rationalize our IV assumptions. We find a positive impact of 0.35 standard deviations on the personal-social domain of a widely used development test, and an impact of 14 percentage points on mothers' work participation. Our results are robust to different econometric specifications. We also find suggestive evidence that quality greatly matters for the impacts at the child level, but not at the mother level.}, - keywords = {country::Nicaragua,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,inequality::income,region::LAC,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Nicaragua,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,inequality::income,region::LAC,relevant,sample::snowballing,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/5RWXD2JC/Hojman_López Bóo_2019_Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and.pdf} } @@ -25404,7 +25404,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part usage-count-last-180-days = {5}, usage-count-since-2013 = {32}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {country::Germany,inequality::income,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::Germany,inequality::income,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/UXHEMDRR/Holtemoeller_Pohle_2020_Employment effects of introducing a minimum wage.pdf} } @@ -26415,7 +26415,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {country::Morocco,inequality::poverty,inequality::spatial,issue::access,region::MENA,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::cooperative\_entrepreneurship} + keywords = {country::Morocco,inequality::poverty,inequality::spatial,issue::access,region::MENA,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::cooperative_entrepreneurship} } @article{Idler1997, @@ -26653,7 +26653,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {9}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::income,region::NA,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::US,inequality::income,region::NA,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/TSSGPYJD/Inst2021_Why_the_U.pdf} } @@ -27316,7 +27316,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {This paper examines the determinants of female labour force participation in OECD countries. The econometric analysis uses a panel data set covering 17 OECD countries over the period 1985-1999, and distinguishes between part-time and full-time female participation rates. It shows a positive impact on female participation of a more neutral tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), childcare subsidies, and paid maternity and parental leave. On the other hand, child benefits reduce female participation due to an income effect and their lump-sum character. Female education, the general labour market conditions, and cultural attitudes remain major determinants of female participation. Simulations illustrate the potentially significant impact that some of the examined policies could exert on female participation ...}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,region::EU,region::NA,relevant,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit,type::regulation,type::subsidy} + keywords = {inequality::gender,region::EU,region::NA,relevant,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::maternity_benefit,type::regulation,type::subsidy} } @article{Jaumotte2004a, @@ -27657,7 +27657,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part usage-count-last-180-days = {5}, usage-count-since-2013 = {26}, web-of-science-categories = {Business, Finance; Economics; International Relations}, - keywords = {country::China,region::NA,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {country::China,region::NA,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/YPHZMU44/Johansson_Liu_2020_Foreign direct investment and inequality.pdf} } @@ -27963,7 +27963,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {How would universal and permanent cash transfers affect the labor market? Since 1982, all Alaskan residents have received a yearly cash dividend from the Alaska Permanent Fund. Using data from the Current Population Survey and a synthetic control method, we show that the dividend had no effect on employment, and increased part-time work by 1.8 percentage points (17\%). We calibrate expected micro and macro effects of the cash transfer using prior literature, and find our results to be consistent with cash stimulating the local economy {\textemdash} a general equilibrium effect. We further show that non-tradable sectors have a more positive employment response than tradable sectors. Overall, our results suggest that a universal and permanent cash transfer does not significantly decrease aggregate employment.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::US,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::snowballing,type::direct\_transfer}, + keywords = {country::US,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::snowballing,type::direct_transfer}, note = {looks at probability of employment only (part-time, full-time, equilibria); NOT outcomes on inequalities} } @@ -28183,7 +28183,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Law}, - keywords = {issue::language,method::qualitative,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {issue::language,method::qualitative,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/5KLZG6HK/Julieta Rodriguez_Cuellar Camarena_2018_Female union exclusions.pdf} } @@ -28208,7 +28208,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {12}, web-of-science-categories = {Business}, - keywords = {country::Czech\_Republic,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {country::Czech_Republic,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{Jury2017, @@ -28423,7 +28423,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part issn = {0090-4848, 1099-050X}, doi = {10.1002/hrm.21694}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {Despite considerable progress that organizations have made during the past 20 years to increase the representation of women at board level, they still hold few board seats. Drawing on a qualitative study involving 30 companies with women directors in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Ghana, we investigate how the relationship between gender in the boardroom and corporate governance operates. The findings indicate that the presence of a minority of women on the board has an insignificant effect on board performance. Yet the chairperson's role is vital in leading the change for recruiting and evaluating candidates and their commitment to the board with diversity and governance in mind. Our study also sheds light on the multifaceted reasons why women directors appear to be resisting the discourse of gender quotas. {\textcopyright} 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, + abstract = {Despite considerable progress that organizations have made during the past 20 years to increase the representation of women at board level, they still hold few board seats. Drawing on a qualitative study involving 30 companies with women directors in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Ghana, we investigate how the relationship between gender in the boardroom and corporate governance operates. The findings indicate that the presence of a minority of women on the board has an insignificant effect on board performance. Yet the chairperson's role is vital in leading the change for recruiting and evaluating candidates and their commitment to the board with diversity and governance in mind. Our study also sheds light on the multifaceted reasons why women directors appear to be resisting the discourse of gender quotas. {\copyright} 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -29913,7 +29913,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {24}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {country::Pakistan,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {country::Pakistan,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QZF2BYMB/Khan et al_2021_Trade liberalization and income inequality.pdf} } @@ -30253,7 +30253,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part issn = {0894-3796, 1099-1379}, doi = {10.1002/job.728}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {Summary The prevalence of diversity training has not been matched by empirical research on its effectiveness. Among the most notable gaps are an absence of attention to its impact on discrimination and limited consideration of organizational-level factors. Results from employee surveys across 395 healthcare organizations reveal an effect of the extent of diversity training in organizations on ethnic minorities' experiences of discrimination. In addition, the results demonstrate that the consequences of ethnic discrimination for individuals' job attitudes are influenced by organizational-level phenomenon. These findings highlight the importance of attending to ethnic discrimination as an outcome of diversity training with implications for employee attitudes. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2010 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, + abstract = {Summary The prevalence of diversity training has not been matched by empirical research on its effectiveness. Among the most notable gaps are an absence of attention to its impact on discrimination and limited consideration of organizational-level factors. Results from employee surveys across 395 healthcare organizations reveal an effect of the extent of diversity training in organizations on ethnic minorities' experiences of discrimination. In addition, the results demonstrate that the consequences of ethnic discrimination for individuals' job attitudes are influenced by organizational-level phenomenon. These findings highlight the importance of attending to ethnic discrimination as an outcome of diversity training with implications for employee attitudes. Copyright {\copyright} 2010 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -30455,7 +30455,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part doi = {10.1007/s10597-015-9936-7}, abstract = {Supported employment is an evidence-based practice with a well-established research base. Most studies track such outcomes as employment rates, time to employment and wages earned. Few studies address client and contextual factors that impact outcomes or consider program elements beyond those that comprise the individual placement and support model. This paper reviews existing literature to shed light on the following questions: (1) What impact do labour market trends have on the effectiveness of SE? (2) How lasting are the effects of SE and what factors influence longevity of SE effects? (3) What levels and types of employment are targeted by SE? (4) What are the characteristics of people who benefit from SE? (5) What is the role of peer support in SE? and (6) What are the barriers to effective SE implementation? Research findings are synthesized and suggestions for service enhancements are offered so that the model can continue to evolve.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::age,inequality::disability,inequality::gender,intervention::employment\_support,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::job\_quality,review::narrative,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::age,inequality::disability,inequality::gender,intervention::employment_support,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::job_quality,review::narrative,snowball_source}, note = {review of factors influencing LM outcomes of supported employment interventions for people with disabilities \par main findings: @@ -30741,7 +30741,7 @@ policy recc: usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {40}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::income,out::abstract,review::narrative,sample::database,type::collective\_action,type::structural,type::trade\_liberalization} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::income,out::abstract,review::narrative,sample::database,type::collective_action,type::structural,type::trade_liberalization} } @article{Koczan2018, @@ -30782,7 +30782,7 @@ policy recc: usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {8}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor; Management}, - keywords = {country::Sri\_Lanka,inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Sri_Lanka,inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/CQS4CK23/Kodagoda2016_A_new_era_for_paid_maternity_leave_policy.pdf} } @@ -30801,7 +30801,7 @@ policy recc: urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Worldwide studies of professional and managerial dual-earner couples in specific professions have indicated that with the double burdens of work and family, working long hours limit women's career aspirations. Based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 40 respondents, this article examines how long working hours in the banking and health sectors impact professional and managerial mothers' family life and health, and how the latter perceive motherhood roles. Though there was evidence of negative effects of long hours especially on childcare and children's cognitive development, while rationalising their decision on combining motherhood and paid work, mothers interviewed valued their full-time employment.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Sri\_Lanka,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::snowballing} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Sri_Lanka,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::snowballing} } @article{Koen2016, @@ -30986,7 +30986,7 @@ policy recc: issn = {0894-3796, 1099-1379}, doi = {10.1002/job.1782}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {Summary Using a large national sample based on Workplace and Employee Survey data collected by Statistics Canada in 2001 and 2002, we examined the effects of employee usage of seven organizational work{\textendash}life interface benefits on promotions. Analysis predicted promotions in 2002 when number of promotions received by 2001 were controlled. The main effect of using work{\textendash}life interface benefits on promotions was positive, indicating that using these benefits is not a career-limiting move. Gender, presence of young children, and marital status interacted with the use of work{\textendash}life interface benefits. Single parents benefitted less than other employees from using work{\textendash}life interface options. Altogether, these findings suggest that the ongoing positive effects of conservation of time and energy resources for employees outweigh the initial short-term negative effects of signaling and stigmatization. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2012 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, + abstract = {Summary Using a large national sample based on Workplace and Employee Survey data collected by Statistics Canada in 2001 and 2002, we examined the effects of employee usage of seven organizational work{\textendash}life interface benefits on promotions. Analysis predicted promotions in 2002 when number of promotions received by 2001 were controlled. The main effect of using work{\textendash}life interface benefits on promotions was positive, indicating that using these benefits is not a career-limiting move. Gender, presence of young children, and marital status interacted with the use of work{\textendash}life interface benefits. Single parents benefitted less than other employees from using work{\textendash}life interface options. Altogether, these findings suggest that the ongoing positive effects of conservation of time and energy resources for employees outweigh the initial short-term negative effects of signaling and stigmatization. Copyright {\copyright} 2012 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -31504,7 +31504,7 @@ policy recc: issn = {0090-4848, 1099-050X}, doi = {10.1002/hrm.20436}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, - abstract = {Abstract Socialization has crucial outcomes for both the employee and the employer. Through an exploratory qualitative study conducted in India, we examined how people with disabilities (PWD) viewed various aspects of their socialization process. Specifically, we looked at the role of coworkers, supervisors, organizational practices, and employee proactive behaviors in influencing organizational integration. We found that integration was most influenced by coworkers and supervisors. Organizational practices and employee proactive behaviors were less important. Respondent gender and tenure also influenced certain findings. Specifically, PWD with less tenure sought and accepted more help from coworkers and supervisors. Further, more men with disabilities than women with disabilities indicated that they were proactive in terms of obtaining training to make themselves employable, and more men with disabilities indicated that having coworkers with a disability helped them during socialization. We discuss both theoretical and practical implications as well as future research directions based on our findings. {\textcopyright} 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, + abstract = {Abstract Socialization has crucial outcomes for both the employee and the employer. Through an exploratory qualitative study conducted in India, we examined how people with disabilities (PWD) viewed various aspects of their socialization process. Specifically, we looked at the role of coworkers, supervisors, organizational practices, and employee proactive behaviors in influencing organizational integration. We found that integration was most influenced by coworkers and supervisors. Organizational practices and employee proactive behaviors were less important. Respondent gender and tenure also influenced certain findings. Specifically, PWD with less tenure sought and accepted more help from coworkers and supervisors. Further, more men with disabilities than women with disabilities indicated that they were proactive in terms of obtaining training to make themselves employable, and more men with disabilities indicated that having coworkers with a disability helped them during socialization. We discuss both theoretical and practical implications as well as future research directions based on our findings. {\copyright} 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -31548,7 +31548,7 @@ policy recc: doi = {10.1108/WJEMSD-03-2017-0009}, abstract = {Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the themes of relationship between female labor force participation (FLFP) and economic growth, gender disparity in work participation; and to identify the factors which determine females to participate in labor market. The paper uses a framework incorporating a U-shaped relationship between FLFP and economic growth, gender wise wage disparity and economic, social, cultural and other factors which affects FLFP. Design/methodology/approach Thematically, the selected literature falls into three main categories: the relationship between FLFP and economic growth; disparity in work participation in terms of male and female wages; and drivers or determinants of FLFP which have been described using international documents and experiences of the different countries. The review closes by identifying gaps in the existing research base and by suggesting areas for inquiry that have been untouched and warrant further research. Findings The key findings emerging from this examination of literature show that the FLFP rate exhibits a U-shaped during the process of economic development. Also, there are evidences of gender pay disparity across the sectors which have been justified by documenting a large number of existing literatures. Demographic factors (including fertility, migration, marriages and child care), economic factors (including unemployment, per capita income, non-farm job and infrastructure) and other explanatory variables which include the regulatory context encompassing family and childcare policies, tax regimes, and presence of subsidized health-care for workers determine the FLFP. Practical implications This paper suggests that in order to bring equality in gender pay gap, there is a requirement of replacing the traditional value system. There is need to provide an environment in which women are encouraged and supported in their efforts, in which women have equitable access to resources and opportunities. Social implications This paper addresses the impact of education, culture and child care subsidies on female labor participation. They positively impact FLFP and such a link has not been sufficiently addressed in prior literature. Originality/value In contrast to previous studies which document a broad-based picture of female work participation, this type of research deals with the link between economic growth and female labor participation, gender wage disparity and determinants of it which has been largely unexplored so far.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,outcome::labour\_supply,review::narrative,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball\_source,TODO::review}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,outcome::labour_supply,review::narrative,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball_source,TODO::review}, note = {systematic review looking at relationship of female labour force participation and economic growth, gender disparity in work participation \par main findings: U-shaped part. rate; evidence of gender pay disparity across sectors @@ -31715,7 +31715,7 @@ policy recc: changes to FLFP require replacement of traditional value system bas usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Management; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {country::Finland,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective\_action,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {country::Finland,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective_action,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/74H2G93G/Kyla-Laaso et al_2021_Gender equality and the feminized public sector in the affective struggles over.pdf} } @@ -32037,7 +32037,7 @@ policy recc: changes to FLFP require replacement of traditional value system bas usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {21}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary}, - keywords = {country::Switzerland,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,method::qualitative,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Switzerland,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,method::qualitative,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/VXP9W4UV/Lanfranconi_Valarino_2014_Gender equality and parental leave policies in Switzerland.pdf} } @@ -32354,7 +32354,7 @@ policy recc: changes to FLFP require replacement of traditional value system bas usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::framework,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::framework,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{Lee2017, @@ -32582,7 +32582,7 @@ however data will be very useful to explore channels of health ineq -{$>$} incom issn = {0090-4848, 1099-050X}, doi = {10.1002/hrm.20211}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {Abstract The retirement of baby boomers along with a smaller cohort group of young people replacing them poses a challenge for employers in the future{\textemdash}where will they find the workers they need? One largely untapped source of human resources is people with disabilities (PWDs). Why have employers mostly ignored this large labor pool? This research used a semistructured interview approach with 38 executives across a broad array of industries and geographic regions to examine why employers don't hire PWDs and what they believe can be done to change this situation. Results show that most employers are not very proactive in hiring PWDs and that most employers hold stereotypical beliefs not supported by research evidence. {\textcopyright} 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, + abstract = {Abstract The retirement of baby boomers along with a smaller cohort group of young people replacing them poses a challenge for employers in the future{\textemdash}where will they find the workers they need? One largely untapped source of human resources is people with disabilities (PWDs). Why have employers mostly ignored this large labor pool? This research used a semistructured interview approach with 38 executives across a broad array of industries and geographic regions to examine why employers don't hire PWDs and what they believe can be done to change this situation. Results show that most employers are not very proactive in hiring PWDs and that most employers hold stereotypical beliefs not supported by research evidence. {\copyright} 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -32613,7 +32613,7 @@ however data will be very useful to explore channels of health ineq -{$>$} incom doi = {10.2383/89515}, abstract = {Bringing people with mental illness into employment is a phenomenon that has been extensively researched in recent years. A review to identify and synthesize available evidence on bringing this group into employment and the potential fields of interest related to barriers and facilitators has been carried out. The electronic search was done using 17 databases. In total 24 publications of systematic reviews, meta-analysis and meta-ethnographies aimed at individuating and systematizing barriers to work inclusion were included. The different process phases and the variety of circumstances that can slow down or push towards a certain condition of job seeker or employee, together with the rest of the results presented in this work, demonstrate the need to re-direct or extend the research focus related to this issue.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::disability,intervention::employment\_support,intervention::therapy,intervention::training,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::job\_quality,review::meta,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::disability,intervention::employment_support,intervention::therapy,intervention::training,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::job_quality,review::meta,snowball_source}, note = {meta-review of barriers (and drivers) of inclusion into the labour market for people with disabilities (mental illness) \par main findings: employment outcomes seem increased for individuals able to hide their mental illness, practice of concealment of identity @@ -32756,7 +32756,7 @@ policy recc: series = {Stellenbosch {{Economic Working Papers}}}, number = {02}, institution = {{University of Stellenbosch}}, - abstract = {{\textbullet} Youth unemployment in South Africa is high, differs substantially by race group and is increasing. In 2012, close to two-thirds of young Africans were broadly unemployed. Over the four years prior to this the unemployment rate had increased by almost ten percentage points. {\textbullet} A wage subsidy is one type of intervention which aims to reduce youth unemployment by providing a subsidy to firms which covers part of the cost of employing young people. The outline of a youth employment incentive was provided by the National Treasury in 2011. {\textbullet} Evidence from other countries suggests that the success of a wage subsidy can be context specific and depends on the nature of the intervention and the structure of the labour market amongst other things. Thus, in order to understand how a wage subsidy may affect youth unemployment it is useful to know how South African young people and firms may react to a wage subsidy. A randomised control trial (RCT) is one way to investigate this. {\textbullet} In an RCT the participants in the study are randomly divided into two groups {\textendash} one which received the intervention, in this case a voucher for a wage subsidy which a firm who employs the individual could claim for six months (called the treatment group), and the second group which does not receive anything (called the control group). Since allocation to the groups is random and both groups share similar characteristics, any observed changes on average should be the result of the wage subsidy voucher. We can thus attach a causal interpretation to our results. {\textbullet} The key finding of the paper is that those who were allocated a wage subsidy voucher were more likely to be in wage employment both one year and two years after allocation. The impact of the voucher thus persisted even after it was no longer valid. The magnitude of these effects was relatively large {\textendash} those in the voucher group were 7.4 percentage points (approximately 25 percent) more likely to be in wage employment one year after allocation and of similar magnitude two years later. This impact was not driven by changes in the sample composition. {\textbullet} This suggests that those young people who entered jobs earlier than they would have because of the voucher were more likely to stay in jobs. This confirms the important dynamic impacts of youth employment. It also suggests that government interventions which successfully create youth employment are important and can virtuous longer-term effects. {\textbullet} Relatively few firms actually claimed the voucher. Interviews with firms and young people suggest that this was for a number of reasons: the young people did not even get a chance to show the voucher to someone who makes hiring decision; the administrative burden associated with claiming the money, although not onerous, could not be overcome (for example, larger firms did not have a process for accepting subsidy money, human resource functions were centralised and HR had little incentive to engage in the process of claiming the voucher); or managers or firm owners questioned the legitimacy of the voucher. This suggests that a national wage subsidy policy would need to be widely advertised and information and support provided to firms who would like to claim the subsidy. {\textbullet} However, the impact of the voucher among those individuals who were employed in firms who claimed or enquired about the subsidy was much larger than the broader estimated effect. In this paper we are unable to ascertain whether these jobs were new or not. {\textbullet} Even after controlling for firm take up and enquiry there is still a difference in the probability of wage employment between the group with a voucher and the group without. This indicates that part of the impact of the voucher is through supply side responses of those allocated the voucher. {\textbullet} The results indicate that the observed impact of the voucher is not driven by changes in search, increases in search intensity or movement either to look for jobs or to take up employment. {\textbullet} Rather it seems that part of the impact may be driven by people turning down job offers. Those in the control group, especially those in households with other employed members, were more likely to turn down job offers than those in the treatment group. This suggests that there is some queuing in the South African youth labour market as young people who can wait for better paid jobs do. {\textbullet} We can only speculate about why those in the treatment group did not engage in this behaviour. One explanation is that the voucher changed their perceptions of potential success in the job market and thus they were more willing, or able, to go to these jobs, since they thought the voucher advantaged them or they were able to borrow money from their households to travel and incur the initial costs associated with accepting a job. It may also be that households which contained voucher holders were more likely to encourage the holder to take up the job since it was perceived as part of a special programme, or it may be that more information about jobs was passed onto the households of voucher holders with employees since they were linked into firms and people in their network may have known about the voucher. {\textbullet} These results confirm that the structure of the household is important for success in the labour market. Research on South African labour markets shows that networks are the main channel through which information about jobs is transmitted. Households with working members are thus advantaged since members receive more information about jobs. These types of households can also provide intra-household cash transfers to help pay for transport costs or other costs associated with taking up a job. {\textbullet} However, there can also be relatively negative implications for young people in households with other earners {\textendash} they can afford to turn down jobs as they wait for potentially better paying or better matched jobs. The consequences of this may not necessarily be negative if these types of jobs eventually arrive but if they do not then these young people have sacrificed both earnings and work experience as they wait.}, + abstract = {{$\bullet$} Youth unemployment in South Africa is high, differs substantially by race group and is increasing. In 2012, close to two-thirds of young Africans were broadly unemployed. Over the four years prior to this the unemployment rate had increased by almost ten percentage points. {$\bullet$} A wage subsidy is one type of intervention which aims to reduce youth unemployment by providing a subsidy to firms which covers part of the cost of employing young people. The outline of a youth employment incentive was provided by the National Treasury in 2011. {$\bullet$} Evidence from other countries suggests that the success of a wage subsidy can be context specific and depends on the nature of the intervention and the structure of the labour market amongst other things. Thus, in order to understand how a wage subsidy may affect youth unemployment it is useful to know how South African young people and firms may react to a wage subsidy. A randomised control trial (RCT) is one way to investigate this. {$\bullet$} In an RCT the participants in the study are randomly divided into two groups {\textendash} one which received the intervention, in this case a voucher for a wage subsidy which a firm who employs the individual could claim for six months (called the treatment group), and the second group which does not receive anything (called the control group). Since allocation to the groups is random and both groups share similar characteristics, any observed changes on average should be the result of the wage subsidy voucher. We can thus attach a causal interpretation to our results. {$\bullet$} The key finding of the paper is that those who were allocated a wage subsidy voucher were more likely to be in wage employment both one year and two years after allocation. The impact of the voucher thus persisted even after it was no longer valid. The magnitude of these effects was relatively large {\textendash} those in the voucher group were 7.4 percentage points (approximately 25 percent) more likely to be in wage employment one year after allocation and of similar magnitude two years later. This impact was not driven by changes in the sample composition. {$\bullet$} This suggests that those young people who entered jobs earlier than they would have because of the voucher were more likely to stay in jobs. This confirms the important dynamic impacts of youth employment. It also suggests that government interventions which successfully create youth employment are important and can virtuous longer-term effects. {$\bullet$} Relatively few firms actually claimed the voucher. Interviews with firms and young people suggest that this was for a number of reasons: the young people did not even get a chance to show the voucher to someone who makes hiring decision; the administrative burden associated with claiming the money, although not onerous, could not be overcome (for example, larger firms did not have a process for accepting subsidy money, human resource functions were centralised and HR had little incentive to engage in the process of claiming the voucher); or managers or firm owners questioned the legitimacy of the voucher. This suggests that a national wage subsidy policy would need to be widely advertised and information and support provided to firms who would like to claim the subsidy. {$\bullet$} However, the impact of the voucher among those individuals who were employed in firms who claimed or enquired about the subsidy was much larger than the broader estimated effect. In this paper we are unable to ascertain whether these jobs were new or not. {$\bullet$} Even after controlling for firm take up and enquiry there is still a difference in the probability of wage employment between the group with a voucher and the group without. This indicates that part of the impact of the voucher is through supply side responses of those allocated the voucher. {$\bullet$} The results indicate that the observed impact of the voucher is not driven by changes in search, increases in search intensity or movement either to look for jobs or to take up employment. {$\bullet$} Rather it seems that part of the impact may be driven by people turning down job offers. Those in the control group, especially those in households with other employed members, were more likely to turn down job offers than those in the treatment group. This suggests that there is some queuing in the South African youth labour market as young people who can wait for better paid jobs do. {$\bullet$} We can only speculate about why those in the treatment group did not engage in this behaviour. One explanation is that the voucher changed their perceptions of potential success in the job market and thus they were more willing, or able, to go to these jobs, since they thought the voucher advantaged them or they were able to borrow money from their households to travel and incur the initial costs associated with accepting a job. It may also be that households which contained voucher holders were more likely to encourage the holder to take up the job since it was perceived as part of a special programme, or it may be that more information about jobs was passed onto the households of voucher holders with employees since they were linked into firms and people in their network may have known about the voucher. {$\bullet$} These results confirm that the structure of the household is important for success in the labour market. Research on South African labour markets shows that networks are the main channel through which information about jobs is transmitted. Households with working members are thus advantaged since members receive more information about jobs. These types of households can also provide intra-household cash transfers to help pay for transport costs or other costs associated with taking up a job. {$\bullet$} However, there can also be relatively negative implications for young people in households with other earners {\textendash} they can afford to turn down jobs as they wait for potentially better paying or better matched jobs. The consequences of this may not necessarily be negative if these types of jobs eventually arrive but if they do not then these young people have sacrificed both earnings and work experience as they wait.}, keywords = {country::South Africa,group::youth,inequality::age,program::wage subsidy,region::SSA,relevant,sample::almp}, note = {A randomized control trial of an employment subsidy for youth in South Africa, with an analysis of its impacts on earnings, employment probability and overall employment length.\textbf{It finds that beneficiaries were significantly more likely to be employed after both one and two years, as well as positive but insignificant impacts on earnings. \textbf{Additionally, it found a significant increase in accumulated employment length of around 1 month for the treatment cohort after 2 years.\textbf{The results suggest that the usual theory of lowered search costs for firms is a valid channel here, but it also finds responses on the supply side after receiving the voucher.\textbf{While beneficiaries did no change their search behavior, move for employment or increase their overall search intensity, there were comparatively fewer job offers turned down in the treatment group.\textbf{The study suggests this could be due to a potential removal of transport cost barriers to interviews or workplaces, an increased perception of success probabilities, household pressures or more access to job information during voucher provision.}}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-22T11:57:03Z}, @@ -33013,7 +33013,7 @@ policy recc: earlyaccessdate = {JAN 2022}, eissn = {1743-9140}, unique-id = {WOS:000744879800001}, - keywords = {country::India,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp,type::work\_programme}, + keywords = {country::India,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,sample::almp,type::work_programme}, note = {A study on the effects of land ownership concentration on the employment guarantee scheme (NREGS) in India, by analyzing the resulting earnings and proliferation of NREGS itself.\textbf{It looks at this concentration in more general terms as a proxy for power asymmetry between potential employers and employees.\textbf{It finds that a concentration of land ownership in a region generally decreases or impedes the proliferation of NREGS since landlords use their political power to oppose the program.\textbf{It suggests this is primarily due the potential of NREGS to impact wages which is opposed by landlords to minimize rural bargaining power.\textbf{The channel that NREGS have to affect rural earnings in this way is through a de-facto enforcement of minimum wages laws, by providing an alternative to more informal work if no minimum wages are obeyed.}}}}}, timestamp = {2022-03-05T11:01:52Z}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/3B625EDA/Li2022_Land_inequality_and_workfare_policies.pdf;/home/marty/Zotero/storage/FN529XF4/Li2022_Land_inequality_and_workfare_policies_supplementary_materials.pdf} @@ -33109,7 +33109,7 @@ policy recc: usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {31}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {country::Germany,country::Switzerland,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct\_transfer}, + keywords = {country::Germany,country::Switzerland,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::direct_transfer}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QQ396RH9/Liechti2017_Resource-related_inequalities_in_mothers'_employment_in_two_family-policy.pdf} } @@ -33212,7 +33212,7 @@ policy recc: urldate = {2023-12-06}, isbn = {978-1-78560-944-2 978-1-78560-943-5}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::China,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::China,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/UWB5ZC2L/Lin_Yun_2016_The Effects of the Minimum Wage on Earnings Inequality.pdf} } @@ -33422,7 +33422,7 @@ policy recc: usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {19}, web-of-science-categories = {Rehabilitation; Social Issues}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::disability,inequality::gender,out::title,review::systematic,sample::database} + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::disability,inequality::gender,out::title,review::systematic,sample::database} } @article{Lindstrom2002, @@ -33734,7 +33734,7 @@ policy recc: usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {23}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {country::Sri\_Lanka,done::extracted,inequality::income,inequality::poverty,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {country::Sri_Lanka,done::extracted,inequality::income,inequality::poverty,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/PH5EK3AJ/Liyanaarachchi et al_2016_Impact of trade liberalisation on labour market and poverty in Sri Lanka.pdf} } @@ -33926,7 +33926,7 @@ policy recc: usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {0}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::framework,country::Spain,inequality::gender,issue::language,method::qualitative,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {cite::framework,country::Spain,inequality::gender,issue::language,method::qualitative,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/J4Q2SV9B/Lopez-Garcia_2022_Asymmetries to be resolved.pdf} } @@ -35448,7 +35448,7 @@ policy recc: urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Using a randomized experiment, this study examines whether offering afterschool care for children aged between 6 and 13 has an impact on labor market outcomes for women in Chile. The results show that program participation increases employment by 5\% and labor force participation by 7\%, while the intervention also generates substantial childcare substitution. The results also suggest that the provision of afterschool care for older children triggers the use of free daycare for young (ineligible) children.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::Chile,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,relevant,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit,type::subsidy}, + keywords = {country::Chile,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,relevant,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::maternity_benefit,type::subsidy}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/2728SVKD/MartinezA.2017_Childcare_effects_on_maternal_employment.pdf} } @@ -36497,15 +36497,15 @@ The main purpose of this paper is a discussion and analysis of the development o \par In the paper are considered and analyzed: \par -{\textbullet} The current situation of inequality in Georgia well as its development +{$\bullet$} The current situation of inequality in Georgia well as its development \par since 1990 taking into account the profound political, economic as well as social transition having occurred in Georgia; \par -{\textbullet}The development of average inequality in the regions of Georgia where we see that in all of these regions the liberalization of markets led to a sudden rise in income dispersion; +{$\bullet$}The development of average inequality in the regions of Georgia where we see that in all of these regions the liberalization of markets led to a sudden rise in income dispersion; \par -{\textbullet} The fall of labor demand as well as the liberalization of labor market regulations which were accompanied by the emergence of all kinds of regulated forms of employment; +{$\bullet$} The fall of labor demand as well as the liberalization of labor market regulations which were accompanied by the emergence of all kinds of regulated forms of employment; \par -{\textbullet} The elimination of legal restrictions on private business activity and ownership that gave rise to self-employment throughout country. In particular, the sharp and persistent fall in labor demand of enterprises forced workers to move into low-productivity jobs in the service sector or subsistence agriculture. In many regions of Georgia social protection is lacking and the status of unemployment is not an affordable option and labor supply was reduced. +{$\bullet$} The elimination of legal restrictions on private business activity and ownership that gave rise to self-employment throughout country. In particular, the sharp and persistent fall in labor demand of enterprises forced workers to move into low-productivity jobs in the service sector or subsistence agriculture. In many regions of Georgia social protection is lacking and the status of unemployment is not an affordable option and labor supply was reduced. \par Methodology: \par @@ -36513,11 +36513,11 @@ To state the desirable properties of measures of inequality when the variable un \par Conclusions: \par -{\textbullet} The main indicators which were choice by research are highly correlated with others for studying of economic inequality's in Georgia; +{$\bullet$} The main indicators which were choice by research are highly correlated with others for studying of economic inequality's in Georgia; \par -{\textbullet} Middle class is not formed in Georgia and differences between rich and low classes are very high; +{$\bullet$} Middle class is not formed in Georgia and differences between rich and low classes are very high; \par -{\textbullet} The data by state statistics is not presented for these indicators in series by years consistently. This fact is influenced on dispersion.} +{$\bullet$} The data by state statistics is not presented for these indicators in series by years consistently. This fact is influenced on dispersion.} } @article{Mello2013, @@ -36907,7 +36907,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality effects (no measures of inequality employed)}, usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {16}, web-of-science-categories = {Green \& Sustainable Science \& Technology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies}, - keywords = {country::Romania,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::Romania,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/XKYLD9XQ/Militaru et al_2019_Assessing minimum wage policy implications upon income inequalities.pdf} } @@ -37834,7 +37834,7 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {9}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/F28DNYZ4/Mukhopadhyay_2018_Trade liberalization and gender inequality.pdf} } @@ -38403,7 +38403,7 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} issn = {0008-543X, 1097-0142}, doi = {10.1002/cncr.11363}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, - abstract = {Abstract BACKGROUND With increasing numbers of childhood cancer survivors, direct sequelae of cancer therapy and psychosocial outcomes are becoming more important. The authors described psychosocial outcomes (education, employment, health insurance, and marriage) for survivors of pediatric lower extremity bone tumors. METHODS The long-term follow-up study of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study is a multiinstitutional cohort study comprising 14,054 individuals who have survived for 5 or more years after treatment for cancer diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. Baseline demographic and medical information were obtained. Six hundred ninety-four survivors had osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma of the lower extremity or pelvis and were classified by amputation status and by age at diagnosis. The median age at diagnosis was 14 years old with a median of 16 years of follow up since diagnosis. Demographic characteristics were used to analyze the rates of psychosocial outcomes. RESULTS Amputation status and age at diagnosis did not significantly influence any of the measured psychosocial outcomes. Education was a significant positive predictor of employment, having health insurance, and being currently in their first marriage. Male gender predicted ever being employed and female gender predicted having health insurance and marriage. When compared with siblings, amputees had significant deficits in education, employment, and health insurance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, no differences between amputees and nonamputees were found. However, gender and education play a prominent role. When compared with siblings, amputees in this cohort may benefit from additional supports. Cancer 2003;10:2554{\textendash}64. {\textcopyright} 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11363 , Amputation status and age at diagnosis did not significantly influence any of the measured psychosocial outcomes (education, employment, health insurance, and marriage). Education was a significant positive predictor of employment, as was having health insurance, and being currently in their first marriage. Male gender predicted ever being employed and female gender predicted having health insurance and marriage. When compared with siblings, amputees had significant deficits in education, employment, and health insurance. Overall, no differences between amputees and nonamputees were found. However, gender and education play a prominent role. When compared with siblings, amputees in this cohort may benefit from additional support.}, + abstract = {Abstract BACKGROUND With increasing numbers of childhood cancer survivors, direct sequelae of cancer therapy and psychosocial outcomes are becoming more important. The authors described psychosocial outcomes (education, employment, health insurance, and marriage) for survivors of pediatric lower extremity bone tumors. METHODS The long-term follow-up study of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study is a multiinstitutional cohort study comprising 14,054 individuals who have survived for 5 or more years after treatment for cancer diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. Baseline demographic and medical information were obtained. Six hundred ninety-four survivors had osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma of the lower extremity or pelvis and were classified by amputation status and by age at diagnosis. The median age at diagnosis was 14 years old with a median of 16 years of follow up since diagnosis. Demographic characteristics were used to analyze the rates of psychosocial outcomes. RESULTS Amputation status and age at diagnosis did not significantly influence any of the measured psychosocial outcomes. Education was a significant positive predictor of employment, having health insurance, and being currently in their first marriage. Male gender predicted ever being employed and female gender predicted having health insurance and marriage. When compared with siblings, amputees had significant deficits in education, employment, and health insurance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, no differences between amputees and nonamputees were found. However, gender and education play a prominent role. When compared with siblings, amputees in this cohort may benefit from additional supports. Cancer 2003;10:2554{\textendash}64. {\copyright} 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11363 , Amputation status and age at diagnosis did not significantly influence any of the measured psychosocial outcomes (education, employment, health insurance, and marriage). Education was a significant positive predictor of employment, as was having health insurance, and being currently in their first marriage. Male gender predicted ever being employed and female gender predicted having health insurance and marriage. When compared with siblings, amputees had significant deficits in education, employment, and health insurance. Overall, no differences between amputees and nonamputees were found. However, gender and education play a prominent role. When compared with siblings, amputees in this cohort may benefit from additional support.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/BIB868LC/Nagarajan et al_2003_Education, employment, insurance, and marital status among 694 survivors of.pdf} @@ -38578,7 +38578,7 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {15}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {country::South\_Africa,inequality::income,method::quantitative,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::sp,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {country::South_Africa,inequality::income,method::quantitative,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::sp,type::trade_liberalization}, note = {International Conference on Globalisation, Growth and (In) Equality, Univ Warwick, Ctr Study Globalisat \& Regionalisat, Coventry, ENGLAND, MAR 17, 2002}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ESL62HUB/Naude2004_Globalisation_and_inequality_in_South_Africa.pdf} } @@ -38765,7 +38765,7 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes} doi = {10.1007/s10926-014-9548-z}, abstract = {Purpose A systematic review was conducted to review the effectiveness of workplace accommodation (WA) regarding employment, work ability, and cost-benefit among disabled people. It also describes the evidence gained on the barriers and facilitators of WA process to sustain employment. Methods We reviewed systematically current scientific evidence about effectiveness of WA among disabled persons. The outcomes were employment, work ability, and cost-benefit. Qualitative studies of employment facilitators and barriers were also included. The population comprised people with physical disability, visual impairment, hearing impairment, cognitive disability, or mental disability, aged 18-68 years. CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medic, OTseeker, PEDro, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English from January 1990 to November 2012. Results Three quantitative (one randomized controlled, one concurrently controlled, and one cohort) and eight qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. There was moderate evidence that specific types of WA (vocational counselling and guidance, education and self-advocacy, help of others, changes in work schedules, work organization, and special transportation) promote employment among physically disabled persons and reduce costs. There was low evidence that WA (liaison, education, work aids, and work techniques) coordinated by case managers increases return to work and is cost-effective when compared with the usual care of persons with physical and cognitive disabilities. The key facilitators and barriers of employment were self-advocacy, support of the employer and community, amount of training and counselling, and flexibility of work schedules and work organization. Conclusions More high-quality studies using validated measures of the work ability and functioning of disabled persons are needed. The identified barriers and facilitators found in the qualitative studies should be used to develop quantitative study designs.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::rtw,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball\_source,TODO::review}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::rtw,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball_source,TODO::review}, note = {systematic review looking at effectiveness of workplace accommodation (vocational counselling/guidance, education/self-advocacy, help of others, changes in work schedules, work organization, special transportation) on employment, work ability, cost-benefit, rtw (n=11) \par main findings: @@ -39120,7 +39120,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {History; History Of Social Sciences; Industrial Relations \& Labor}, - keywords = {country::Britain,country::Netherlands,inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {country::Britain,country::Netherlands,inequality::income,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/4NL67MT6/Nijhuis2017_Explaining_postwar_wage_compression.pdf} } @@ -39607,7 +39607,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {11}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies}, - keywords = {country::Nigeria,inequality::gender,inequality::income,region::SSA,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::financial\_access}, + keywords = {country::Nigeria,inequality::gender,inequality::income,region::SSA,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::financial_access}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/6UATDUBC/Nwosu2017_Addressing_poverty_and_gender_inequality_through_access_to_formal_credit_and.pdf} } @@ -39650,7 +39650,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues}, - keywords = {country::Bosnia\_Herzegovina,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, + keywords = {country::Bosnia_Herzegovina,inequality::gender,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/RCUEMWTM/Obradovic_2021_Bosnia and herzegovina's family policy challenges in meeting the european.pdf} } @@ -40225,7 +40225,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o } @article{Olson2015, - title = {The {{COMPASS Pilot Study}}: {{A Total Worker Health}}{\texttrademark} {{Intervention}} for {{Home Care Workers}}}, + title = {The {{COMPASS Pilot Study}}: {{A Total Worker Health}}™ {{Intervention}} for {{Home Care Workers}}}, shorttitle = {The {{COMPASS Pilot Study}}}, author = {Olson, Ryan and Wright, Robert R. and Elliot, Diane L. and Hess, Jennifer A. and Thompson, Sharon and Buckmaster, Annie and Luther, Kristy and Wipfli, Brad}, year = {2015}, @@ -40288,7 +40288,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {This article gives an overview of poverty, deprivation and homelessness as a social ill that is eating deep into the society's fabric. It affirms that these concepts are inextricably linked, illustrating this with the case of the street homeless women. Furthermore, it describes the characteristics of street homeless women in Johannesburg inner city and their perception of poverty. It also describes the survival strategies adopted by these women on the streets. The article also illustrates that street homeless women suffer most from unprecedented population growth, high levels of poverty, homelessness, illiteracy and unemployment. They form part of the largest group of the poorly sheltered population. The street homeless women in particular constitute a population at risk, especially when the nature of their homelessness is concealed. The article suggests it might be appropriate to give special attention to the poorest segment of the population, which includes the street homeless women. They must be made to participate fully and equally in policies and strategies to alleviate poverty.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::South\_Africa,inequality::gender,inequality::poverty,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing}, + keywords = {cite::channels,country::South_Africa,inequality::gender,inequality::poverty,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing}, note = {may be interesting to cite as an early example of intersectional analysis towards poverty, spatial (shelter) deprivation and gender - however still through a more individualized lens?} } @@ -41055,7 +41055,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o issn = {1545-5009, 1545-5017}, doi = {10.1002/pbc.21226}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, - abstract = {Abstract Background With increased cure, childhood cancer survivors are reaching adulthood and seeking employment. Host, disease and treatment risk factors may contribute to inability to attain or maintain employment. Procedure The prevalence and risk factors for unemployment were evaluated using self-reported employment history in 10,399 childhood cancer survivors and 3,083 siblings\,{$\geq$}\,age 18 in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS). Results Among survivors, 5.6\% reported unemployment, compared with 1.2\% of siblings (odds ratio [OR] 3.7; 95\% confidence interval [CI] 2.6, 5.1). Increased risks were observed within all cancer diagnoses. In multivariate analysis, diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumor (OR 1.5; 95\% CI 1.1, 2.1), bone cancer (OR 1.5; 95\% CI 1.0, 2.1), treatment with {$\geq$}30 Gy cranial radiotherapy (OR 4.0; 95\% CI 2.9, 5.5), female gender (OR 1.4; 95\% CI 1.2, 1.7) and age\,{$<$}\,4 years at diagnosis (OR 1.4; 95\% CI 1.1, 1.8) increased risk. Diagnosis of CNS or bone tumor or cranial radiotherapy {$\geq$}30 Gy remained significant after adjusting for treatment, medical late effects, age and gender. Risk of unemployment decreased with attained age (OR (year) 0.89; 95\% CI 0.87, 0.91). Conclusions Compared to siblings, adult childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk for unemployment with highest risk defined by diagnosis, treatment and demographic factors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:104{\textendash}110. {\textcopyright} 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.}, + abstract = {Abstract Background With increased cure, childhood cancer survivors are reaching adulthood and seeking employment. Host, disease and treatment risk factors may contribute to inability to attain or maintain employment. Procedure The prevalence and risk factors for unemployment were evaluated using self-reported employment history in 10,399 childhood cancer survivors and 3,083 siblings\,{$\geq$}\,age 18 in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS). Results Among survivors, 5.6\% reported unemployment, compared with 1.2\% of siblings (odds ratio [OR] 3.7; 95\% confidence interval [CI] 2.6, 5.1). Increased risks were observed within all cancer diagnoses. In multivariate analysis, diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumor (OR 1.5; 95\% CI 1.1, 2.1), bone cancer (OR 1.5; 95\% CI 1.0, 2.1), treatment with {$\geq$}30 Gy cranial radiotherapy (OR 4.0; 95\% CI 2.9, 5.5), female gender (OR 1.4; 95\% CI 1.2, 1.7) and age\,{$<$}\,4 years at diagnosis (OR 1.4; 95\% CI 1.1, 1.8) increased risk. Diagnosis of CNS or bone tumor or cranial radiotherapy {$\geq$}30 Gy remained significant after adjusting for treatment, medical late effects, age and gender. Risk of unemployment decreased with attained age (OR (year) 0.89; 95\% CI 0.87, 0.91). Conclusions Compared to siblings, adult childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk for unemployment with highest risk defined by diagnosis, treatment and demographic factors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:104{\textendash}110. {\copyright} 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -41276,7 +41276,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {6}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor}, - keywords = {country::New\_Zealand,inequality::gender,inequality::income,method::qualitative,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::institutional}, + keywords = {country::New_Zealand,inequality::gender,inequality::income,method::qualitative,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::institutional}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ZNJJUT95/Parker_Donnelly_2020_The revival and refashioning of gender pay equity in New Zealand.pdf} } @@ -41593,7 +41593,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor}, - keywords = {sample::database,TODO::abstract,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {sample::database,TODO::abstract,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/6C63CKGV/Pencavel_2022_Wage differentials, bargaining protocols, and trade unionism in.pdf} } @@ -41707,7 +41707,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o doi = {10.1080/19463138.2022.2082444}, abstract = {We perform a systematic review of the literature on the association between income, employment, and urban poverty from a multidisciplinary perspective. Our results, derived from the analysis of 243 articles, confirm the significant role of employment in the urban poor's lives, highlighting several factors that constrain their ability to improve their labour market outcomes: lack of access to public transport, geographical segregation, labour informality, among others. Furthermore, the paper finds different strategies used by the poor to promote their inclusion in their city's economy. We found a major bias towards research focused on advanced economies, stressing the need for development studies dealing with the specific challenges of developing economies.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,out::title,review::systematic,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,out::title,review::systematic,snowball_source}, note = {summary: multi-disciplinary systematic review of association between income, employment, urban poverty. n=243 articles, academic focus on advanced economies; finds significant role of employment in life of urban poor; \par findings: most relevant barriers for improving labour market outcomes: lack of access to public transport, geographical segregation, labour informality, inadequate human capital @@ -42349,7 +42349,7 @@ migration.}, usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::income,out::review,out::title,review::systematic,sample::database,sample::snowballing,type::ubi} + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::income,out::review,out::title,review::systematic,sample::database,sample::snowballing,type::ubi} } @article{Piquero2020, @@ -42527,7 +42527,7 @@ migration.}, usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {22}, web-of-science-categories = {Political Science; Public Administration}, - keywords = {country::Poland,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Poland,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/TDDXH3U4/Plomien_2019_Gender inequality by design.pdf} } @@ -42796,7 +42796,7 @@ migration.}, usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Business, Finance}, - keywords = {country::Thailand,inequality::income,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::cooperative\_entrepreneurship}, + keywords = {country::Thailand,inequality::income,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::cooperative_entrepreneurship}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/UWEEUE9I/Pothipala et al_2021_Alleviating social and economic inequality.pdf} } @@ -42901,7 +42901,7 @@ migration.}, issn = {0033-3085, 1520-6807}, doi = {10.1002/pits.20297}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, - abstract = {Abstract This survey study explored gender differences in transition imperatives and opportunities for youth with disabilities ( N = 521). Results indicated that males and females differ in terms of the adult outcomes they hope to achieve, transition training opportunities they have received, and their access to teachers and other nonfamilial adults to assist them. Youth and parents who responded to the survey indicated that gender stereotypes continue to exist and that these stereotypes result in lowered expectations for girls. Gender stereotypes were found to vary by ethnicity. Access to health insurance and a good doctor were rated as top priorities for all youth transitioning to adulthood. Implications for educators, psychologists, and counselors are discussed. {\textcopyright} 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, + abstract = {Abstract This survey study explored gender differences in transition imperatives and opportunities for youth with disabilities ( N = 521). Results indicated that males and females differ in terms of the adult outcomes they hope to achieve, transition training opportunities they have received, and their access to teachers and other nonfamilial adults to assist them. Youth and parents who responded to the survey indicated that gender stereotypes continue to exist and that these stereotypes result in lowered expectations for girls. Gender stereotypes were found to vary by ethnicity. Access to health insurance and a good doctor were rated as top priorities for all youth transitioning to adulthood. Implications for educators, psychologists, and counselors are discussed. {\copyright} 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -44066,7 +44066,7 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {19}, web-of-science-categories = {Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History \& Philosophy Of Science; Sociology}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {inequality::gender,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/V8UGM2S7/Raynolds_2021_Gender equity, labor rights, and women's empowerment.pdf} } @@ -44273,11 +44273,11 @@ The program includes free Training for Teachers through e-learning and webinars \par Findings Highlights: \par -{\textbullet} 9 out of 10 girls aged 6-8 associate engineering with male affinities and skills. Although girls and boys think that the four STEM disciplines can be performed by both men and women. +{$\bullet$} 9 out of 10 girls aged 6-8 associate engineering with male affinities and skills. Although girls and boys think that the four STEM disciplines can be performed by both men and women. \par -{\textbullet} Girls' interest in mathematics decreases as they progress through school. +{$\bullet$} Girls' interest in mathematics decreases as they progress through school. \par -{\textbullet} 1 out of 3 parents in Buenos Aires thinks that the low participation of girls in science and technology is a consequence of girls' personal taste and that they receive few stimuli at home and in school to be interested in and to relate to those disciplines. +{$\bullet$} 1 out of 3 parents in Buenos Aires thinks that the low participation of girls in science and technology is a consequence of girls' personal taste and that they receive few stimuli at home and in school to be interested in and to relate to those disciplines. \par More information at http://bit.ly/research-gender \par @@ -45471,7 +45471,7 @@ does NOT directly look at LM adjacency markers (but education outcomes)}, doi = {10.36251/josi.99}, abstract = {People with disabilities are generally not considered as able participants in the workforce (paid or volunteer work) and therefore, they often experience exclusion from participating in mainstream employment opportunities. People with disabilities experience various barriers to employment, such as discrimination in the workplace, stigma, prejudice and stereotypes. However, some people with disabilities participate in the workforce and make valuable contributions towards economic development, social capital and wider society. This literature review summarises published research findings about the challenges that people with disabilities experience in pursuing employment opportunities, including volunteering and paid positions; and in undertaking these roles. Furthermore, it explores possible interventions to improve employment outcomes that are effective from the perspectives of people with disabilities. Findings indicate that effective practice takes an inclusive approach and allows clients to take ownership of solutions in relation to addressing the challenges they experience in the employment sector. For this reason, two different community development projects, which particularly focused on employment challenges for people with disabilities, as well as outlining strategies and solutions that promote client ownership were reviewed. Additionally, employment support techniques and strategies, as well as human rights' principles on work and employment for people with disabilities will be debated. Finally, implications for research and practice for the rehabilitation counselling profession and the disability employment services sector are discussed.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::job\_quality,review::narrative,sample::database,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::job_quality,review::narrative,sample::database,snowball_source}, note = {(narrative) review of barriers to workforce inclusion (paid/volunteer work) for people with disabilities; summary of findings \par main findings: @@ -45592,7 +45592,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {12}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor; Management}, - keywords = {country::Saudi\_Arabia,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,issue::policy,out::full-text,region::MENA,sample::database}, + keywords = {country::Saudi_Arabia,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,issue::policy,out::full-text,region::MENA,sample::database}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/W2L8FDEA/Rutledge2017_Parental_influence_on_female_vocational_intentions_in_the_Arabian_Gulf.pdf} } @@ -45936,7 +45936,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} issn = {1057-9230, 1099-1050}, doi = {10.1002/hec.1537}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, - abstract = {Abstract This study estimates the effect of job loss on health for near elderly employees based on longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study. Previous studies find a strong negative correlation between unemployment and health. To control for possible reverse causality, this study focuses on people who were laid off for an exogenous reason {\textendash} the closure of their previous employers' business. I find no causal effect of exogenous job loss on various measures of physical and mental health. This suggests that the inferior health of the unemployed compared to the employed could be explained by reverse causality. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2009 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, + abstract = {Abstract This study estimates the effect of job loss on health for near elderly employees based on longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study. Previous studies find a strong negative correlation between unemployment and health. To control for possible reverse causality, this study focuses on people who were laid off for an exogenous reason {\textendash} the closure of their previous employers' business. I find no causal effect of exogenous job loss on various measures of physical and mental health. This suggests that the inferior health of the unemployed compared to the employed could be explained by reverse causality. Copyright {\copyright} 2009 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} } @@ -46036,7 +46036,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} urldate = {2023-11-20}, abstract = {While policy-makers assert that increased public transit mobility can positively affect employment status for low-income persons, there is little empirical evidence to support this theory. It is generally assumed that public transit can effectively link unemployed, car-less, persons with appropriate job locations{\textemdash}hence the call for more public transit services to assist moving welfare recipients to gainful employment. Thus far, the available evidence is anecdotal, while general patterns of transit access in relationship to labour participation remain relatively unexplored. This analysis examines whether increased transit access is associated with the case status (employment status) of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients in the Atlanta, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Dallas, Texas; Denver, Colorado; Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; and Portland, Oregon metropolitan areas. Individual TANF recipient location data, transit route/stop data and employment location data were used in limited dependent variable regression analyses to predict the employment status of TANF recipients. The results of this analysis indicate that access to fixed-route transit and employment concentrations had virtually no association with the employment outcomes of TANF recipients in the six selected metropolitan areas.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::income,issue::inequality,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::direct\_transfer}, + keywords = {country::US,inequality::income,issue::inequality,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::direct_transfer}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/NRD5N2I4/Sanchez2004_Transit_Mobility,_Jobs_Access_and_Low-income_Labour_Participation_in_US.pdf} } @@ -47096,7 +47096,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {27}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies; Economics}, - keywords = {country::Sri\_Lanka,inequality::gender,inequality::income,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, + keywords = {country::Sri_Lanka,inequality::gender,inequality::income,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/ZB5G262X/Seneviratne_2020_Gender wage inequality during Sri Lanka's post-reform growth.pdf} } @@ -47120,7 +47120,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {9}, web-of-science-categories = {Management}, - keywords = {country::South\_Africa,inequality::gender,region::SSA,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, + keywords = {country::South_Africa,inequality::gender,region::SSA,sample::database,TODO::full-text}, note = {5th International Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance (ICMLG), Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Business Sch, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA, MAR 16-17, 2017} } @@ -47721,7 +47721,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Background The importance of strong and transformative leadership is recognised as essential to the building of resilient and responsive health systems. In this regard, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 5 prioritises a current gap, by calling for women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership, including in the health system. In South Africa, pre-democracy repressive race-based policies, coupled with strong patriarchy, led to women and especially black women, being `left behind' in terms of career development and progression into senior health leadership positions. Methods Given limited prior inquiry into this subject, we conducted a qualitative exploratory study employing case study design, with the individual managers as the cases, to examine the influence of gender on career progression and leadership perceptions and experiences of senior managers in South Africa in five geographical districts, located in two provinces. We explored this through in-depth interviews, including life histories, career pathway mapping and critical incident analysis. The study sample selection was purposive and included 14 female and 5 male senior-managers in district and provincial health departments. Results Our findings suggest that women considerably lag behind their male counterparts in advancing into management- and senior positions. We also found that race strongly intersected with gender in the lived experiences and career pathways of black female managers and in part for some black male managers. Professional hierarchy further compounded the influence of gender and race for black women managers, as doctors, who were frequently male, advanced more rapidly into management and senior management positions, than their female counterparts. Although not widespread, other minority groups, such as male managers in predominantly female departments, also experienced prejudice and marginalisation. Affirmative employment policies, introduced in the new democratic dispensation, addressed this discriminatory legacy and contributed to a number of women being the `first' to occupy senior management positions. In one of the provinces, these pioneering female managers assumed role-modelling and mentoring roles and built strong networks of support for emerging managers. This was aided by an enabling, value-based, organisational culture. Conclusion This study has implications for institutionalising personal and organisational development that recognise and appropriately advances women managers, paying attention to the intersections of gender, race and professional hierarchy. It is important in the context of national and global goals, in particular SDG 5, that women and in particular black women, are prioritised for training and capacity development and ensuring that transformative health system policies and practices recognise and adapt, supporting the multiple social and work roles that managers, in particular women, play.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::South\_Africa,inequality::gender,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::South_Africa,inequality::gender,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing} } @techreport{Siam2020, @@ -47873,7 +47873,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2020.571191}, abstract = {Brain tumors (BT) are between the eight most common cancers among persons aged 40 years, with an average survival time of 10 years for patients affected by non-malignant brain tumor. Some patients continue to work, reporting difficulties in work-related activities, or even job loss. The purpose of the present study was to review the existing information about the ability people with BT to return to work and to identify factors associated with job loss. We performed a systematic review on SCOPUS and EMBASE for peer-reviewed papers that reported studies assessing work ability in patients with BT that were published in the period from January 2010 to January 2020. Out of 800 identified records, 7 articles were selected for analysis, in which 1,507 participants with BT were enrolled overall. Three main themes emerged: the impact of neuropsychological functioning on work productivity, the change of employment status for long-term survivors and issues related to return to work processes. Based on the results of selected studies, it can be concluded that the impact of BT on workforce participation is determined by depressive symptoms and cognitive deficits, as well as by high short-term mortality but also on environmental barriers. Vocational Rehabilitation programs should be implemented to help patients wishing to return to or maintain their current work, as much as possible.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::rtw,review::systematic}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::disability,out::title,outcome::employment,outcome::rtw,review::systematic}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/HY4XHJF5/Silvaggi et al_2020_Employment and Work Ability of Persons With Brain Tumors.pdf} } @@ -47897,7 +47897,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {23}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional \& Urban Planning}, - keywords = {country::Brazil,done::extracted,inequality::income,inequality::spatial,region::LAC,relevant,sample::database,type::direct\_transfer,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::Brazil,done::extracted,inequality::income,inequality::spatial,region::LAC,relevant,sample::database,type::direct_transfer,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/TBB2IPWY/Silveira Neto_Azzoni_2011_Non-spatial government policies and regional income inequality in brazil.pdf} } @@ -48593,7 +48593,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes} usage-count-last-180-days = {5}, usage-count-since-2013 = {22}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary}, - keywords = {cite::framework,region::global,sample::database,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {cite::framework,region::global,sample::database,type::maternity_benefit}, note = {an overview of the trajectory of maternity leave 1880-2018; \par looks at inputs to maternity leave (female political empowerment, democratization etc) @@ -49282,7 +49282,7 @@ does NOT look at policy impacts (but theories behind it)} issn = {0276-8739, 1520-6688}, doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1520-6688(200021)19:2<207::AID-PAM3>3.0.CO;2-H}, urldate = {2023-11-20}, - abstract = {This article examines and compares the spatial distributions of new jobs and people across sub-metropolitan areas for Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles. The jobs data come from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality and the data on people come from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The results indicate that less-educated people, public assistance recipients, and especially poor females with children mostly reside in areas heavily populated by minorities where the availability of less-skilled jobs is quite low, while the availability of these jobs relative to less-educated people in suburban areas heavily populated by whites is high. Large fractions of the less-skilled jobs in these metropolitan areas are not accessible by public transit. Furthermore, there is significant variation within both central cities and suburbs in the ethnic composition of residents and in less-skilled job availability. The ability of various minority groups to gain employment in each area depends heavily on the ethnic composition of the particular area. {\textcopyright} 2000 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.}, + abstract = {This article examines and compares the spatial distributions of new jobs and people across sub-metropolitan areas for Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles. The jobs data come from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality and the data on people come from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The results indicate that less-educated people, public assistance recipients, and especially poor females with children mostly reside in areas heavily populated by minorities where the availability of less-skilled jobs is quite low, while the availability of these jobs relative to less-educated people in suburban areas heavily populated by whites is high. Large fractions of the less-skilled jobs in these metropolitan areas are not accessible by public transit. Furthermore, there is significant variation within both central cities and suburbs in the ethnic composition of residents and in less-skilled job availability. The ability of various minority groups to gain employment in each area depends heavily on the ethnic composition of the particular area. {\copyright} 2000 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,inequality::racial,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,sample::snowballing} } @@ -49363,7 +49363,7 @@ does NOT look at policy impacts (but theories behind it)} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {country::Australia,inequality::gender,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective\_action,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {country::Australia,inequality::gender,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::collective_action,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/U9PQPX4E/Strachan_Burgess_2001_Will deregulating the labor market in Australia improve the employment.pdf} } @@ -49814,7 +49814,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention, nor effects of/on inequality itse usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {country::New\_Zealand,inequality::income,out::full-text,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::ubi}, + keywords = {country::New_Zealand,inequality::income,out::full-text,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::ubi}, note = {looks at inequality (income) of PI;' \par does not look at WoW}, @@ -50106,7 +50106,7 @@ does not look at WoW}, usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {11}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies; Public Administration; Social Issues; Social Work}, - keywords = {country::Australia,inequality::income,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {country::Australia,inequality::income,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/AP5IZAWV/Tapper_2019_The performance of the Australian welfare system in a time of neoliberal.pdf} } @@ -50156,7 +50156,7 @@ does not look at WoW}, doi = {10.1093/heapol/czw074}, abstract = {This article presents evidence supporting the hypothesis that promoting gender equality and women's and girls' empowerment (GEWE) leads to better health and development outcomes. We reviewed the literature across six sectors-family planning (FP); maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH); nutrition; agriculture; water, sanitation and hygiene; and financial services for the poor-and found 76 studies from low and middle-income countries that met our inclusion criteria. Across these studies, we identified common GEWE variables that emerged repeatedly as significant predictors of sector outcomes. We grouped these variables into 10 thematic categories, which we termed {\textbackslash}textasciigravegender-related levers'. These levers were then classified by the strength of evidence into Wedges, Foundations and Facilitators. Wedges are gender-related levers that had strong associations with improved outcomes across multiple sectors. They include: {\textbackslash}textasciigravecontrol over income/assets/resources', {\textbackslash}textasciigravedecision-making power' and {\textbackslash}textasciigraveeducation'. Elements of these levers overlap, but combined, they encapsulate agency. Increasing female agency promotes equality and broadly improves health and development for women, their families and their communities. The second classification, Foundations, displayed strong, positive associations across FP, MNCH and nutrition. Foundations have a more proximal relationship with sector outcomes and include: {\textbackslash}textasciigraveequitable interpersonal relationships', {\textbackslash}textasciigravemobility' and {\textbackslash}textasciigravepersonal safety'. Finally, the third group of levers, Facilitators, was associated with improved outcomes in two to three sectors and include: {\textbackslash}textasciigraveaccess to information', {\textbackslash}textasciigravecommunity groups', {\textbackslash}textasciigravepaid labour' and {\textbackslash}textasciigraverights'. These levers make it easier for women and girls to achieve their goals and are more traditional elements of development programmes. Overall, gender-related levers were associated with improvements in a variety of health and development outcomes. Furthermore, these associations were cross-sectoral, suggesting that to fully realize the benefits of promoting GEWE, the development community must collaborate in co-ordinated and integrated ways across multiple sectors. More research is needed to identify the mechanisms by which gendered interventions work and under what circumstances.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::gender,out::title,outcome::health,review::narrative,sample::database,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::gender,out::title,outcome::health,review::narrative,sample::database,snowball_source}, note = {(narrative?) review of effects of dimensions of female 'empowerment' on health outcomes and development outcomes, such as access to and use of financial services \par main findings: @@ -50345,7 +50345,7 @@ main findings: urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Background This research aimed to identify and explore the experiences of Black registrars in their training in the Western Cape's academic hospitals in order to identify structures, practices, attitudes and ideologies that may promote or impede the advancement of Black doctors into specialist medicine. This is justified by the requirement for universities to work towards monitoring and evaluating efforts to create non-discriminatory and inclusive training environments. Methods This study employed qualitative research methods. Ten Black African medical specialists were interviewed about their training experiences in two university training hospitals in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Interview data was collected using open-ended questions and coded and analysed using thematic and critical discursive analysis techniques. Results Four experiential themes emerged from the interview data, they included: 1) experiences of everyday racism during work hours, 2) the physical and psychological effects of tokenism and an increased need to perform, 3) institutional racism as a result of inconsistent and unclear methods of promotion and clinical competence building, and 4) an organisational culture that was experienced as having a race and gender bias. Conclusion This is a pilot study and there are limits on the generalizability of the data due to the small sample. What is clear from our participants, though, is the strong experiential component of finding it challenging to be a Black trainee in a White-dominated profession. We are undertaking further research to explore the issues raised in more detail.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::South\_Africa,inequality::racial,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::South_Africa,inequality::racial,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::snowballing} } @article{Tham2011, @@ -50591,7 +50591,7 @@ main findings: usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Law}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Brazil,out::full-text,region::LAC,sample::database,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Brazil,out::full-text,region::LAC,sample::database,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/UBAGFCGK/Thome_Schwarz_2017_The principle of gender equality and the fundamental rights and guarantees of.pdf} } @@ -51251,7 +51251,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes (country growth instead)} doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.015}, abstract = {The implications of technology adoption for productivity, income, and welfare have been studied widely in the context of less developed countries (LDCs). In contrast, the relationship between technology adoption and employment has attracted less interest. This systematic review evaluates the diverse yet sizeable evidence base that has remained below the radars of both reviewers and policy makers. We map the qualitative and empirical evidence and report that the effect of technology adoption on employment is skill biased and more likely to be observed when technology adoption favors product innovation as opposed to process innovation. Technology adoption is also less likely to be associated with employment creation when: (i) the evidence is related to farm employment as opposed to firm/industry employment; (ii) the evidence is related to low-income countries as opposed to lower middle-income or mixed countries; and (iii) the evidence is based on post-2001 data as opposed to pre-2001 data. There is also qualitative evidence indicating that international trade, weak forward and backward linkages, and weaknesses in governance and labor-market institutions tend to weaken the job creating effects of technology adoption. We conclude by calling for compilation of better quality survey data and further attention to sources of heterogeneity in modeling the relationship between technology adoption and employment in LDCs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::income,intervention::technology\_adoption,out::title,outcome::employment,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball\_source}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::income,intervention::technology_adoption,out::title,outcome::employment,review::systematic,sample::database,snowball_source}, note = {systematic review of effects of technology adoption on employment (in LMIC/LIC 'less developed countries') \par main findings: positive effect more likely when technology adoption favours product innovation not process innovation and when it is is skill based @@ -51398,7 +51398,7 @@ inequality: urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {We estimate the impact on female labor outcomes of the extension in maternity leave period from 12 to 14\,weeks, an amendment to the Colombian labor law in 2011. To identify this impact, we compare labor market outcomes of different groups of individuals with women of child-bearing age. First we compared two groups of women with different fertility rates (low elasticity of substitution), finding that, as result of the extension, women in the high-fertility age group experience an increase in inactivity, informality, and self-employment. When comparing high-fertility age women with men in the same age group (high elasticity of substitution), we find that the extension increases the probability of unemployment, informality and self-employment and decreases wages of women compared with men.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::Colombia,inequality::gender,inequality::income,region::LAC,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit}, + keywords = {country::Colombia,inequality::gender,inequality::income,region::LAC,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text,type::maternity_benefit}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/PJ5QVTS7/Uribe et al_2019_Unintended consequences of maternity leave legislation.pdf} } @@ -51873,7 +51873,7 @@ inequality: urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {The purpose of this contribution is to analyse and explain the South African HRH case, its historical evolution, and post-apartheid reform initiatives aimed at addressing deficiencies and shortfalls. HRH in South Africa not only mirrors the nature and diversity of challenges globally, but also the strategies pursued by countries to address these challenges. Although South Africa has strongly developed health professions, large numbers of professional and mid-level workers, and also well-established training institutions, it is experiencing serious workforce shortages and access constraints. This results from the unequal distribution of health workers between the well-resourced private sector over the poorly-resourced public sector, as well as from distributional disparities between urban and rural areas. During colonial and apartheid times, disparities were aggravated by policies of racial segregation and exclusion, remnants of which are today still visible in health-professional backlogs, unequal provincial HRH distribution, and differential access to health services for specific race and class groups.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::South\_Africa,inequality::health,inequality::income,method::qualitative,region::SSA,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text}, + keywords = {cite::channels,country::South_Africa,inequality::health,inequality::income,method::qualitative,region::SSA,sample::snowballing,TODO::full-text}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/LG2X7YLZ/Van Rensburg_2014_South Africa’s protracted struggle for equal distribution and equitable access.pdf} } @@ -52313,7 +52313,7 @@ inequality: usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {14}, web-of-science-categories = {Public Administration; Social Issues}, - keywords = {country::Belgium,country::Norway,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,out::full-text,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::direct\_transfer}, + keywords = {country::Belgium,country::Norway,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,out::full-text,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::direct_transfer}, note = {looks at inequality; LM adjacency; \par uses cash benefit to identify `increased need' sample but is not impact study for cash benefit intervention}, @@ -52571,7 +52571,7 @@ uses cash benefit to identify `increased need' sample but is not impact study fo issn = {0954-1748, 1099-1328}, doi = {10.1002/jid.1500}, urldate = {2023-11-24}, - abstract = {Abstract Objectives To identify whether individual and household economic empowerment is associated with lower intimate partner violence in low and middle income country settings. Methods Systematic PubMed and internet searches. Results Published data from 41 sites were reviewed. Household assets and women's higher education were generally protective. Evidence about women's involvement in income generation and experience of past year violence was mixed, with five finding a protective association and six documenting a risk association. Conclusion At an individual and household level, economic development and poverty reduction may have protective impacts on IPV. Context specific factors influence whether financial autonomy is protective or associated with increased risk. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2008 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd. This article was published online on 6 October 2008. Errors were subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected [17 April 2009].}, + abstract = {Abstract Objectives To identify whether individual and household economic empowerment is associated with lower intimate partner violence in low and middle income country settings. Methods Systematic PubMed and internet searches. Results Published data from 41 sites were reviewed. Household assets and women's higher education were generally protective. Evidence about women's involvement in income generation and experience of past year violence was mixed, with five finding a protective association and six documenting a risk association. Conclusion At an individual and household level, economic development and poverty reduction may have protective impacts on IPV. Context specific factors influence whether financial autonomy is protective or associated with increased risk. Copyright {\copyright} 2008 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd. This article was published online on 6 October 2008. Errors were subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected [17 April 2009].}, langid = {english}, keywords = {inequality::income,sample::snowballing} } @@ -53086,7 +53086,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Public Administration}, - keywords = {done::extracted,inequality::income,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {done::extracted,inequality::income,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/P43IWBHG/Wang_Van Vliet_2016_Social Assistance and Minimum Income Benefits.pdf} } @@ -53833,7 +53833,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} urldate = {2023-11-24}, abstract = {Workers' mistreatment is a serious problem, particularly for disadvantaged populations in the global garment supply chain who are often subjected to human and labor rights violations. Workplace abuses are believed to originate from human resource management practices, which aim to reduce production costs and achieve inflated production targets. Improvements in worker well-being are often perceived as costs rather than investments. Family life might be an equally important contributor to workers' well-being and factory outcomes, yet its impact often remains completely beyond the scope of interest of local factory management and the leadership of companies at the top of the supply chain. This study addressed the prevalence of workplace harassment (WH) and domestic violence (DV) in the garment industry in Mexico, Sri Lanka, China and Cambodia and the impacts of WH and DV on outcomes related to withdrawal from work (intentions to leave, quitting, and limited abilities to perform usual tasks), work attitudes (work engagement and job satisfaction) and self-reported work quality. Survey data from 5328 garment industry workers from four countries and information from personnel files are used. The relationships are modelled using linear, logistic or Cox proportional hazard regressions. The results from the longitudinal subsample substantiate the robustness of the findings. WH and DV are found to be significant stressors and affect withdrawal from work, work attitudes and work quality. Contrary to common belief, the findings do not reveal that WH and DV contribute to decisions to quit; however, they were found to impact intentions to leave. The results from the longitudinal sample corroborate the influence of WH and DV on work outcomes. The results of this study convey a message to global brands and factory managers to foster worker well-being, which may improve factory performance.}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Cambodia,country::China,country::Mexico,country::Sri\_Lanka,inequality::socio-demographic,out::abstract,region::AP,region::LAC,sample::snowballing} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Cambodia,country::China,country::Mexico,country::Sri_Lanka,inequality::socio-demographic,out::abstract,region::AP,region::LAC,sample::snowballing} } @article{Wheaton1990, @@ -53911,7 +53911,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary}, - keywords = {country::Britain,inequality::spatial,out::superseded,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::work\_programme}, + keywords = {country::Britain,inequality::spatial,out::superseded,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::work_programme}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/TRVEJ5HN/Whitworth_2020_Activating spatial inequality.pdf} } @@ -53937,7 +53937,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional \& Urban Planning}, - keywords = {country::Britain,done::extracted,inequality::spatial,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::work\_programme}, + keywords = {country::Britain,done::extracted,inequality::spatial,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,type::work_programme}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/R3RIUMNU/Whitworth_2021_Spatial creaming and parking.pdf} } @@ -54617,7 +54617,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {29}, web-of-science-categories = {Area Studies}, - keywords = {country::HongKong,inequality::income,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::HongKong,inequality::income,region::AP,sample::database,TODO::full-text,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/FJI7GTZ6/Wong_2014_The politics of the minimum wage in hong kong.pdf} } @@ -54641,7 +54641,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {33}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies; Economics}, - keywords = {country::Ecuador,done::extracted,inequality::age,inequality::gender,inequality::income,inequality::poverty,region::LAC,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::Ecuador,done::extracted,inequality::age,inequality::gender,inequality::income,inequality::poverty,region::LAC,relevant,sample::database,type::minimum_wage}, note = {looks at LM adjacency; PI \par outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income increase/decrease)}, @@ -55424,7 +55424,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {15}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::generational,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::child\_labor} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::generational,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::child_labor} } @article{WOS:000166098900005, @@ -55545,7 +55545,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {13}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::racial,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::racial,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000176973600004, @@ -55569,7 +55569,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {16}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor; Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000209188100003, @@ -56301,7 +56301,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {35}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000335291000003, @@ -57539,7 +57539,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {47}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {country::New\_Zealand,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} + keywords = {country::New_Zealand,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000355629800003, @@ -58104,7 +58104,7 @@ no PI} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {27}, web-of-science-categories = {Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::South\_Africa,inequality::health,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::South_Africa,inequality::health,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000361706700002, @@ -58826,7 +58826,7 @@ no PI} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Fiji\_islands,inequality::education,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Fiji_islands,inequality::education,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000377694100027, @@ -59882,7 +59882,7 @@ no PI} @article{WOS:000419457600002, type = {Article}, - title = {Implementing {{Montessori Methods}} for {{Dementia}}{\texttrademark} in {{Ontario}} Long-Term Care Homes: {{Recreation}} Staff and Multidisciplinary Consultants' Perceptions of Policy and Practice Issues}, + title = {Implementing {{Montessori Methods}} for {{Dementia}}™ in {{Ontario}} Long-Term Care Homes: {{Recreation}} Staff and Multidisciplinary Consultants' Perceptions of Policy and Practice Issues}, author = {Ducak, Kate and Denton, Margaret and Elliot, Gail}, year = {2018}, month = jan, @@ -59976,7 +59976,7 @@ no PI} usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {37}, web-of-science-categories = {Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::gender,inequality::health,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database,type::maternity\_benefit} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::gender,inequality::health,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database,type::maternity_benefit} } @article{WOS:000424753500003, @@ -60486,7 +60486,7 @@ no PI} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {15}, web-of-science-categories = {Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Medicine, General \& Internal}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::health,region::NA,sample::database,TODO::abstract,type::minimum\_wage}, + keywords = {country::US,inequality::health,region::NA,sample::database,TODO::abstract,type::minimum_wage}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/G7P66DBV/Van Dyke et al_2018_State-level minimum wage and heart disease death rates in the United States,.pdf} } @@ -61347,7 +61347,7 @@ but not inequalities in specific} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {20}, web-of-science-categories = {Political Science}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000447618200012, @@ -61773,7 +61773,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::West\_Bank,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::MENA,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::West_Bank,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::MENA,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000456088600004, @@ -61870,7 +61870,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {27}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database,type::maternity\_benefit} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database,type::maternity_benefit} } @article{WOS:000456972900006, @@ -62112,7 +62112,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Law}, - keywords = {cite::framework,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::trade\_liberalization} + keywords = {cite::framework,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::trade_liberalization} } @article{WOS:000461121600009, @@ -62187,7 +62187,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {31}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor; Management}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Britain,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Britain,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000462109800001, @@ -62235,7 +62235,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {19}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies; Economics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database,type::trade\_liberalization} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database,type::trade_liberalization} } @article{WOS:000463163600004, @@ -62505,7 +62505,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {12}, web-of-science-categories = {Political Science; Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::ethnicity,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::minimum\_wage} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::ethnicity,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::minimum_wage} } @article{WOS:000469384400010, @@ -62553,7 +62553,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::consumption,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::consumption,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000469824700004, @@ -62918,7 +62918,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {19}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Geography; Transportation}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Saudi\_Arabia,inequality::gender,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,region::MENA,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Saudi_Arabia,inequality::gender,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,region::MENA,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000471245500001, @@ -63258,7 +63258,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {5}, usage-count-since-2013 = {79}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::income,out::title,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::income,out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000477890100001, @@ -63431,7 +63431,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Australia,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Australia,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000481137500001, @@ -63606,7 +63606,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {24}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies; Economics}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,country::Mexico,inequality::ethnicity,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::LAC,sample::database,type::direct\_transfer} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,country::Mexico,inequality::ethnicity,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::LAC,sample::database,type::direct_transfer} } @article{WOS:000486108800008, @@ -63657,7 +63657,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {7}, usage-count-since-2013 = {44}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,method::quantitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::institutional,type::marketization,type::trade\_liberalization} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,method::quantitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::institutional,type::marketization,type::trade_liberalization} } @article{WOS:000487007200010, @@ -63706,7 +63706,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Demography; Social Issues}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::New\_Zealand,inequality::migration,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::New_Zealand,inequality::migration,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000487339100003, @@ -64250,7 +64250,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {10}, web-of-science-categories = {Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health}, - keywords = {inequality::racial,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {inequality::racial,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000502978700001, @@ -64300,7 +64300,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {16}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Spain,inequality::age,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database,type::cooperative\_entrepreneurship} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Spain,inequality::age,inequality::gender,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database,type::cooperative_entrepreneurship} } @article{WOS:000503551600001, @@ -64707,7 +64707,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {33}, web-of-science-categories = {Psychology, Social; Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::income,out::title,region::EU,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::income,out::title,region::EU,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000514105200003, @@ -64755,7 +64755,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {18}, web-of-science-categories = {Business; Management; Transportation}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Colombia,country::Kenya,country::Mexico,country::South\_Africa,country::Thailand,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::AP,region::LAC,region::SSA,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Colombia,country::Kenya,country::Mexico,country::South_Africa,country::Thailand,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::AP,region::LAC,region::SSA,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000514833200047, @@ -64855,7 +64855,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {29}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies; Economics}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000516017300004, @@ -64932,7 +64932,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {27}, web-of-science-categories = {Education \& Educational Research}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::Czech\_Republic,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database,type::training} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::Czech_Republic,inequality::gender,out::abstract,region::EU,sample::database,type::training} } @article{WOS:000516727900001, @@ -65204,7 +65204,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {23}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::income,method::quantitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::trade\_liberalization} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::income,method::quantitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::trade_liberalization} } @article{WOS:000524518500001, @@ -65405,7 +65405,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {4}, usage-count-since-2013 = {19}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::poverty,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::database,type::direct\_transfer} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::poverty,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::database,type::direct_transfer} } @article{WOS:000530313300001, @@ -65584,7 +65584,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Multidisciplinary Sciences}, - keywords = {country::US,inequality::health,out::title,region::NA,sample::database,type::minimum\_wage} + keywords = {country::US,inequality::health,out::title,region::NA,sample::database,type::minimum_wage} } @article{WOS:000532680100028, @@ -65683,7 +65683,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {23}, web-of-science-categories = {Business, Finance}, - keywords = {country::South\_Africa,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::database,type::ubi} + keywords = {country::South_Africa,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::SSA,sample::database,type::ubi} } @article{WOS:000535615600001, @@ -65883,7 +65883,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {16}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::channels,country::US,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::NA,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000537860400006, @@ -66033,7 +66033,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {14}, web-of-science-categories = {Business}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database,type::maternity\_benefit} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database,type::maternity_benefit} } @article{WOS:000541371200011, @@ -66131,7 +66131,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {13}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::marketization} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::marketization} } @article{WOS:000546056600001, @@ -66157,7 +66157,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {6}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database,type::maternity\_benefit} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::gender,out::abstract,sample::database,type::maternity_benefit} } @article{WOS:000546520900001, @@ -66698,7 +66698,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {6}, usage-count-since-2013 = {30}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; International Relations; Law}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::trade\_liberalization} + keywords = {inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::trade_liberalization} } @article{WOS:000562542400001, @@ -67326,7 +67326,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {12}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000590940300001, @@ -68019,7 +68019,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {15}, usage-count-since-2013 = {73}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::income,inequality::racial,out::abstract,sample::database,type::minimum\_wage} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::income,inequality::racial,out::abstract,sample::database,type::minimum_wage} } @inproceedings{WOS:000612991500054, @@ -68070,7 +68070,7 @@ no LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {6}, usage-count-since-2013 = {35}, web-of-science-categories = {Demography}, - keywords = {country::China,inequality::gender,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database,type::trade\_liberalization} + keywords = {country::China,inequality::gender,inequality::spatial,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database,type::trade_liberalization} } @article{WOS:000618732000054, @@ -68219,7 +68219,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {2}, web-of-science-categories = {Sociology}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::volunteering} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::gender,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database,type::volunteering} } @inproceedings{WOS:000630165800003, @@ -68801,7 +68801,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {11}, web-of-science-categories = {Political Science}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,out::title,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,out::title,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000651324100001, @@ -69299,7 +69299,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Family Studies; Social Issues; Women's Studies}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} } @inproceedings{WOS:000662554705092, @@ -69425,7 +69425,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {7}, web-of-science-categories = {Geriatrics \& Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000672750800005, @@ -69634,7 +69634,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {3}, web-of-science-categories = {Business}, - keywords = {country::Saudi\_Arabia,inequality::gender,region::MENA,relevant,sample::database,TODO::abstract} + keywords = {country::Saudi_Arabia,inequality::gender,region::MENA,relevant,sample::database,TODO::abstract} } @inproceedings{WOS:000679066800240, @@ -69853,7 +69853,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {4}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics; Industrial Relations \& Labor}, - keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {cite::channels,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000685223600001, @@ -69905,7 +69905,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {8}, web-of-science-categories = {Environmental Studies}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,method::qualitative,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000687298700001, @@ -70106,7 +70106,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Ethnic Studies; Sociology}, - keywords = {country::Korea,inequality::ethnicity,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {country::Korea,inequality::ethnicity,inequality::racial,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000703265700004, @@ -70553,7 +70553,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {3}, usage-count-since-2013 = {14}, web-of-science-categories = {Industrial Relations \& Labor}, - keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::income,inequality::racial,sample::database,TODO::abstract,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::income,inequality::racial,sample::database,TODO::abstract,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000717727600001, @@ -71589,7 +71589,7 @@ looks at gender gaps on modern Fordist/early Taylorist working environment} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {6}, web-of-science-categories = {Political Science}, - keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {out::abstract,sample::database,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000757309700001, @@ -72424,7 +72424,7 @@ does not look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {9}, usage-count-since-2013 = {25}, web-of-science-categories = {Green \& Sustainable Science \& Technology; Environmental Studies}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,country::China,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,country::China,inequality::income,out::abstract,region::AP,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000789407100001, @@ -72546,7 +72546,7 @@ does not look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {1}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies; Regional \& Urban Planning; Public Administration}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,inequality::income,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000797522900001, @@ -72726,7 +72726,7 @@ does not look at LM adjacency} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {9}, web-of-science-categories = {Economics}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,out::abstract,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,out::abstract,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000802321400001, @@ -73001,7 +73001,7 @@ does not look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {2}, usage-count-since-2013 = {16}, web-of-science-categories = {Psychiatry}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,out::abstract,sample::database}, + keywords = {cite::further_reading,out::abstract,sample::database}, note = {COVID-19 focused call to action for contemperaneous global and local implementation of inequality-reducing programmes} } @@ -73784,7 +73784,7 @@ does not look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {1}, usage-count-since-2013 = {5}, web-of-science-categories = {Environmental Studies; Geography}, - keywords = {cite::further\_reading,country::Colombia,inequality::health,inequality::poverty,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::LAC,sample::database} + keywords = {cite::further_reading,country::Colombia,inequality::health,inequality::poverty,method::qualitative,out::abstract,region::LAC,sample::database} } @article{WOS:000854679900001, @@ -74156,7 +74156,7 @@ does not look at specific intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {9}, usage-count-since-2013 = {11}, web-of-science-categories = {Family Studies}, - keywords = {country::Austria,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,TODO::abstract,type::collective\_action}, + keywords = {country::Austria,region::EU,relevant,sample::database,TODO::abstract,type::collective_action}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/F96F2K5Y/Schmidt_2022_Flexible working for all.pdf} } @@ -76659,7 +76659,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {0}, usage-count-since-2013 = {0}, web-of-science-categories = {Urban Studies}, - keywords = {inequality::racial,sample::database,TODO::abstract,type::collective\_action} + keywords = {inequality::racial,sample::database,TODO::abstract,type::collective_action} } @article{WOS:000994504900001, @@ -78835,7 +78835,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} usage-count-last-180-days = {8}, usage-count-since-2013 = {32}, web-of-science-categories = {Development Studies}, - keywords = {direction::vertical,done::extracted,indicator::Gini,inequality::income,region::SSA,relevant,sample::database,type::FDI,type::trade\_liberalization}, + keywords = {direction::vertical,done::extracted,indicator::Gini,inequality::income,region::SSA,relevant,sample::database,type::FDI,type::trade_liberalization}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/UKSZDWAX/Xu et al_2021_Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality.pdf} } @@ -79344,7 +79344,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention} doi = {10.34172/ijhpm.2021.06}, abstract = {Background: Human resources are at the heart of health systems, playing a central role in their functionality globally. It is estimated that up to 70{\textbackslash}textbackslash\% of the health workforce are women, however, this pattern is not reflected in the leadership of health systems where women are under-represented. Methods: This systematized review explored the existing literature around women's progress towards leadership in the health sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) which has used intersectional analysis. Results: While there are studies that have looked at the inequities and barriers women face in progressing towards leadership positions in health systems within LMICs, none explicitly used an intersectionality framework in their approach. These studies did nevertheless show recurring barriers to health systems leadership created at the intersection of gender and social identities such as professional cadre, race/ethnicity, financial status, and culture. These barriers limit women's access to resources that improve career development, including mentorship and sponsorship opportunities, reduce value, recognition and respect at work for women, and increase the likelihood of women to take on dual burdens of professional work and childcare and domestic work, and, create biased views about effectiveness of men and women's leadership styles. An intersectional lens helps to better understand how gender intersects with other social identities which results in upholding these persisting barriers to career progression and leadership. Conclusion: As efforts to reduce gender inequity in health systems are gaining momentum, it is important to look beyond gender and take into account other intersecting social identities that create unique positionalities of privilege and/or disadvantage. This approach should be adopted across a diverse range of health systems programs and policies in an effort to strengthen gender equity in health and specifically human resources for health (HRH), and improve health system governance, functioning and outcomes. Keywords: Gender, Intersectionality, Health Systems, Health Workforce, Leadership, Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) Copyright: (c) 2021 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Zeinali Z, Muraya K, Molyneux S, Morgan R. The use of intersectional analysis in assessing women's leadership progress in the health workforce in LMICs: a review. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2021;x(x):x-x. doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2021.06}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {cited::previous\_reviews,inequality::gender,inequality::socio-demographic,intersectional,out::title,review::systematic}, + keywords = {cited::previous_reviews,inequality::gender,inequality::socio-demographic,intersectional,out::title,review::systematic}, note = {systematic review of female leadership in health sector (LMICs) using intersectional analysis \par main findings: main barriers at intersection of gender and social identity of professional cadre, race/ethnicity, financial status, culture @@ -79584,7 +79584,7 @@ main barriers: increased likelihood for women to take on 'dual burdens' professi issn = {0883-7252, 1099-1255}, doi = {10.1002/jae.2317}, urldate = {2024-01-10}, - abstract = {SUMMARY This article evaluates an expansion of employer-mandated sick leave from 80\% to 100\% of forgone gross wages in Germany. We employ and compare parametric difference-in-difference (DID), matching DID and mixed approaches. Overall workplace absences increased by at least 10\% or 1 day per worker per year. We show that taking partial compliance into account increases coefficient estimates. Further, heterogeneity in response behavior was of great importance. There is no evidence that the increase in sick leave improved employee health, a finding that supports a shirking explanation. Finally, we provide evidence on potential labor market adjustments to the reform. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, + abstract = {SUMMARY This article evaluates an expansion of employer-mandated sick leave from 80\% to 100\% of forgone gross wages in Germany. We employ and compare parametric difference-in-difference (DID), matching DID and mixed approaches. Overall workplace absences increased by at least 10\% or 1 day per worker per year. We show that taking partial compliance into account increases coefficient estimates. Further, heterogeneity in response behavior was of great importance. There is no evidence that the increase in sick leave improved employee health, a finding that supports a shirking explanation. Finally, we provide evidence on potential labor market adjustments to the reform. Copyright {\copyright} 2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, langid = {english}, keywords = {sample::snowballing} }