From d505da0e0d79ca9718778fc39c2537f2a8e782b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Marty Oehme Date: Wed, 17 Aug 2022 15:30:39 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Update notes Uganda --- notes/uganda/2208161615_literature-poverty.md | 13 +++++++++ notes/uganda/2208161616_literature-water.md | 29 +++++++++++++++++-- 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/notes/uganda/2208161615_literature-poverty.md b/notes/uganda/2208161615_literature-poverty.md index a4dc693..6916f03 100644 --- a/notes/uganda/2208161615_literature-poverty.md +++ b/notes/uganda/2208161615_literature-poverty.md @@ -1,3 +1,16 @@ +### [ ] Canagarajah2001 + +* looks at distribution of earnings in rural Uganda (& Ghana) by income type and gender +* results: + * non-farm earnings contribute to rising inequality + * but lower income groups benefit through strong overall growth in non-farm earnings + * inequality is induced through self-employment; wage employment reduces inequality + * determinants of non-farm income: location, education, age, distance to market + * gender: + * self-employment increased inequality among women, wage-work reduced inequality + * self-employment was mixed among men, wage-work increased inequality + * may show men being employed in wider variety of not just low-income waged jobs + ### [ ] Jagger2012 * looks at income inequality in Uganda and how income from forests and other wild areas relates to it diff --git a/notes/uganda/2208161616_literature-water.md b/notes/uganda/2208161616_literature-water.md index 2a80de9..ab2f25b 100644 --- a/notes/uganda/2208161616_literature-water.md +++ b/notes/uganda/2208161616_literature-water.md @@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ * cost of user fees prohibite for some to participate * technology and ability to repair were expensive and usually far away (spare parts, resulted in delayed repairs) - ### [ ] Cooper2016 * looks at vulnerability of rural farmers to climate events @@ -33,6 +32,23 @@ * farmers with more land, education, access to gov extension, non-farm livelihood, larger households, older age more capacity to buffer shock (through increased assets and entitlements) * inequality arises due to different abilities to be resilient toward climatic shock events +### [ ] Yikii2017 - food insecurity in wetlands area + +* looks at prevalence and determining factors of food insecurity in wetland adjacent areas, (Isingiro) +* results: + * ~93% of HHs in wetlands area food insecure + * primary reasons: poverty, + * low labor productivity (/unemployment) + * low levels of education + * HHs with fewer adult members more food secure than with more adults + * HHs with more educated head more food secure than less education + * requires govt promotion of: + * food/nutrition education + * income generating activities + * drought resistant crop varieties + * water conservation + * or wetland degradation, malnutrition and income inequality may further rise + ### [x] Mulogo2018 * looks at access to water, sanitation, hygiene at health care facilities @@ -80,13 +96,22 @@ * Isingiro: men became more actively engaged in firewood collection (62.8%) and fetching water (45.9%) * women's exclusion from land ownership brings them further in state of dependence, thus more vulnerable to climate change effects -### [ ] Sempewo2021 +### [ ] Sempewo2021a * looks at changes in water suuply use (quantity) in Ugandan HHs (due to COVID-19) * most HHs had increase in water quantity usage * associated HH characteristics age, sex, education, main occupation of HH head, household size, region of residence * results can be used for equitable water supply during emergencies +### [ ] Sempewo2021 - willingness to pay for water during emergency + +* looks at willingness to pay for access to improved water during COVID-19 (lockdown) +* results: + * majority of households not willing to pay for water + * sg explanatory variables: sex of HH head, region of residence, water source, number of times hands are washed, whether household already buys/pays for water + * suggests increasing/even maintaining water revenue will be challenge in emergencies without addressing disparity in socio-economic attributes of HHs + * INT: may also show possibility of one dimension of health inequality increase due to income inequality/poverty during emergency situations (e.g. extreme climate events) + ### [x] Atamanov2022 - see poverty for main part * water access