From 402e73967969686f5d8dba435825ee5dddf55778 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Marty Oehme Date: Fri, 19 Aug 2022 18:57:56 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Update library with Djibouti sources --- inputs/libraries/afd-dev-research.bib | 528 +++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 523 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/inputs/libraries/afd-dev-research.bib b/inputs/libraries/afd-dev-research.bib index e60db86..a4d3f4b 100644 --- a/inputs/libraries/afd-dev-research.bib +++ b/inputs/libraries/afd-dev-research.bib @@ -1,4 +1,42 @@ +@article{2019, + title = {Business Officials Confirm Trade Zone in {{Djibouti}} Underway}, + date = {2019}, + journaltitle = {Jordan times (Amman, Jordan)}, + publisher = {{Tribune Content Agency}}, + copyright = {COPYRIGHT 2019 Jordan Times}, + langid = {english}, +} + +@article{Aden2019, + title = {The role of Ports and Free Zones in the Development of Africa: The + “Djibouti Model”}, + author = {Aden, Mowlid}, + date = {2019}, + journaltitle = {Réalités industrielles}, + volume = {Novembre 2019}, + number = {4}, + pages = {105--109}, + publisher = {{F.F.E}}, + location = {{Paris}}, + issn = {1148-7941}, + doi = {10.3917/rindu1.194.0105}, + abstract = {This article is essentially a positive story of ports \& free + zones-led progress. Why are ports so critical? A well-organized + port can make the difference between locally or, in the case of + Djibouti, regionally produced products being viable for export, + or priced out of the market 1 . A well-run facility builds + self-reliance in the local executive management and economy, thus + drawing new industry and investment, and promoting tourism. + Furthermore, enhancements to port infrastructure frequently raise + forces to shore up the weaker links in regional supply chains, + such as below-standard roads and railways 2 .}, + copyright = {Copyright La Francaise de Financement et d'Edition (FFE) Nov + 2019}, + langid = {eng ; fre}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/TSPFYLEQ/RINDU1_194_0105.pdf}, +} + @article{Alia2017, title = {Progress {{Toward The Sustainable Development Goal}} on {{Poverty}} : {{Assessing The Effect}} of {{Income Growth}} on {{The Exit Time}} @@ -34,7 +72,7 @@ @report{Atamanov2022, title = {Uganda {{Poverty Assessment}}: {{Strengthening Resilience}} to {{ - Accelerate Poverty Reduction}} ({{English}})}, + Accelerate Poverty Reduction}}}, author = {{World Bank}}, date = {2022}, institution = {{World Bank}}, @@ -91,7 +129,7 @@ issn = {01409883}, doi = {10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104843}, langid = {english}, - keywords = {country::Benin,topic::electricity,topic::rural}, + keywords = {country::Benin,status::skimmed,topic::electricity,topic::rural}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/BERQHNQT/Barry2020_Pay-as-you-go contracts for electricity access.pdf}, } @@ -149,6 +187,75 @@ equity.pdf}, } +@article{Bereketeab2016, + title = {Djibouti: {{Strategic}} Location, an Asset or a Curse?}, + author = {Bereketeab, Redie}, + date = {2016}, + journaltitle = {Journal of African Foreign Affairs}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {5--18}, + publisher = {{Adonis \& Abbey Publishers Ltd}}, + location = {{London}}, + issn = {2056-564X}, + abstract = {This article examines the costs and benefits of the strategic + location of Djibouti. It is located in a strategic shipping lane + where annually some 20 000 ships and 30 percent of world trade + pass through. In addition, Djibouti is found pressed between two + highly conflicted regions, notably the Horn of Africa and Gulf + region, which from a security point of view, harnesses its global + strategic importance. Nevertheless, this strategic location and + importance that it draws is not only positive. It has also + negative implication to the nation as well as the region in the + long term. The article seeks to analyse the positive and negative + implication to the country as well as the region induced by the + sudden surge of strategic significance of Djibouti. It concludes, + besides the economic and security benefits Djibouti gains, in the + long term, the militarisation may bring dire political, social, + security, stability, democratisation consequences to the region. + The data for this article were collected through interviews, + personal observation and secondary material.}, + copyright = {Copyright Adonis \& Abbey Publishers Ltd Jun-Dec 2016}, + langid = {english}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/J6Z53UN5/Bereketeab2016_Djibouti.pdf}, +} + +@article{Brass2008, + title = {Djibouti's Unusual Resource Curse}, + author = {Brass, Jennifer N.}, + date = {2008-12}, + journaltitle = {The Journal of Modern African Studies}, + shortjournal = {J. Mod. Afr. Stud.}, + volume = {46}, + number = {4}, + pages = {523--545}, + issn = {0022-278X, 1469-7777}, + doi = {10.1017/S0022278X08003479}, + abstract = {ABSTRACT An extensive literature on the ‘resource curse’ posits + that abundant natural resources ‘curse’ countries possessing them + with negative economic, social and political externalities. + Usually, scholars identify tangible resources like oil, diamonds + or timber, rarely questioning whether other kinds of resources + might have the same impact, and under what conditions. This paper + examines how little-studied Djibouti's non-tangible resources~–~ + geo-strategic location and aid-inspiring poverty~–~have produced + ‘curse’ effects; with an economy dominated by US and French + military spending (and concomitant aid) and rents on trade + passing to and from Ethiopia, tiny Djibouti suffers from this + curse. It draws four conclusions. First, resource curse effects + can derive from non-traditional sources. Second, leaders' policy + decisions matter at least as much as the presence or absence of + resources. Third, advanced countries' spending patterns in their + less-developed allies often produce unintended consequences. + Finally, even tiny countries can provide scholars and policy + makers with new insights.}, + langid = {english}, + keywords = {country::Djibouti,status::skimmed,topic::modernization, + topic::poverty,topic::trade_liberalization}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/X6YSKQYR/Brass2008_Djibouti's unusual + resource curse.pdf}, +} + @article{Brunori2018, title = {Consumption Dynamics and Inequality of Opportunity with an Application to {{Uganda}}}, @@ -518,6 +625,27 @@ income inequality in rural Vietnam.pdf}, } +@article{Duta2017, + title = {DJIBOUTI: THE KEY OF THE HORN OF AFRICA}, + author = {Duţă, Andreea Emilia}, + date = {2017}, + journaltitle = {Analele Universitǎti̧i "Constantin Brâncuşi" din Târgu Jiu. + Serie Litere și Ştiinţe Sociale}, + pages = {33--43}, + publisher = {{University Constantin Brancusi of Târgu-Jiu}}, + location = {{Targu Jiu}}, + issn = {1844-6051}, + abstract = {This paper aims to put together the puzzle pieces that led to + Islamic radicalism in the Horn of Africa. Moreover it will + examine the consequences poor governance, unclear borders, + illegal arms trade and an unstable economy have on the region, + focusing on the state of Djibouti.These terms will be put in a + wider international context, analyzing what implications the + involvement of Western countries has on the region.}, + copyright = {Copyright University Constantin Brancusi of Târgu-Jiu 2017}, + langid = {rum}, +} + @article{Ebrahim2021, title = {Women’s Economic Empowerment and {{COVID-19}}: The Case of Vulnerable Women with Intersectional Identities in {{Indonesia}} and @@ -573,6 +701,97 @@ topic::trade_liberalization}, } +@article{ElKhamlichi2022, + title = {Comparative Study of {{COVID-19}} Situation between + Lower-Middle-Income Countries in the Eastern {{Mediterranean}} + Region}, + author = {El Khamlichi, Sokaina and Maurady, Amal and Sedqui, Abdelfettah}, + date = {2022-01}, + journaltitle = {Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research}, + shortjournal = {Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {165--176}, + issn = {22124268}, + doi = {10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.10.004}, + langid = {english}, + keywords = {country::Djibouti,status::skimmed,topic::covid19}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/H9SGGQDQ/El Khamlichi2022_Comparative + study of COVID-19 situation between lower-middle-income countries.pdf + }, +} + +@article{Emara2020, + title = {Financial Inclusion and Extreme Poverty in the {{MENA}} Region: A + Gap Analysis Approach}, + shorttitle = {Financial Inclusion and Extreme Poverty in the {{MENA}} Region + }, + author = {Emara, Noha and Mohieldin, Mahmoud}, + date = {2020-06-19}, + journaltitle = {Review of Economics and Political Science}, + shortjournal = {REPS}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {207--230}, + issn = {2356-9980, 2631-3561}, + doi = {10.1108/REPS-03-2020-0041}, + abstract = {Purpose Eradicating extreme poverty remains one of the most + significant and challenging sustainable development goals (SDGs) + in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. The latest + World Bank statistics from 2018 show that extreme poverty in MENA + increased from 2.6\% to 5\% between 2013 and 2015. MENA ranks + third among developing regions for extreme poverty and fell short + of halving extreme poverty by 2015 – the target established by + the United Nations’ (UN) millennium development goals, the + precursor to the SDGs. The purpose of this study is to analyze + the impact of financial inclusion on extreme poverty for a sample + of 34 countries over the period 1990–2017. + Design/methodology/approach Using system general method of + moments dynamic panel estimation methodology on annual data for + 11 MENA countries and 23 emerging markets (EMs) over the period + 1990 – 2017, this study begins by estimating the impact of + financial inclusion – using measures of access and usage – on the + eradication of extreme poverty by 2030, the first goal of the + SDGs. Findings The results of the study indicate that, on one + hand, financial access measures have a positive, statistically + significant impact on reducing extreme poverty for the full + sample and the MENA region. The second part of the study uses a + gap analysis against four poverty targets – 0\%, 1.5\%, 3\% and 5 + \% – and shows that no MENA country and few EM countries will be + able to close the extreme poverty gap and reach the target of 0\% + by 2030 by depending solely on improvements in financial access. + These targets are based on the two benchmarks set by the World + Bank and the UN, with intermediaries to capture error and give a + fuller picture of what is possible. However, if improvements in + financial inclusion alone can bring every EM and MENA country + except Djibouti and Romania to bring the most accessible target + of reducing global extreme poverty to no more than 5\% by 2030. + Originality/value While research on poverty reduction in the + region tends to focus on financial development and governance, + less attention has been paid to the role of financial inclusion. + SDG 1 – eliminating poverty in all its forms – explicitly + highlights the importance of access to financial services. Indeed + , evidence from Argentina, India, Kenya, Malawi, Niger and other + countries demonstrates the ways in which financial inclusion can + impact poverty (Klapper, El-Zoghbi and Hess, 2016). When people + are included in the financial system, they are better able to + improve their health, invest in education and business and make + choices that benefit their entire families. Financial inclusion + advances governments, too: introducing vast segments of the + population into the financial system by digitizing social + transfers, for example, can cut government costs and reduce + leakage, with benefits that ripple across society. Yet, the links + between financial inclusion and poverty reduction in MENA are + less established. This study aims to analyze the importance of + financial inclusion in addressing extreme poverty by 2030, the + year UN member states set as a target for achieving the SDGs.}, + langid = {english}, + keywords = {country::Djibouti,inequality::income,status::skimmed, + topic::poverty}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/X4KLTJFE/Emara2020_Financial inclusion + and extreme poverty in the MENA region.pdf}, +} + @article{Esaku2021, title = {Does the Shadow Economy Increase Income Inequality in the Short- and Long-Run? {{Empirical}} Evidence from {{Uganda}}}, @@ -693,8 +912,8 @@ institution = {{World Bank}}, location = {{Washington, D.C.}}, url = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/15871}, - keywords = {country::Benin,inequality::rural,topic::electricity,topic::rural - }, + keywords = {country::Benin,inequality::rural,status::skimmed, + topic::electricity,topic::rural}, file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/MYW9JFER/Golumbeanu2013_Connection Charges and Electricity Access in Sub-Saharan Africa.pdf}, } @@ -926,6 +1145,22 @@ vulnerability and adaptations to climate-related.pdf}, } +@report{Ibarra2020, + title = {Location {{Matters}}: {{Welfare Among Urban}} and {{Rural Poor}} in + {{Djibouti}}}, + author = {{World Bank}}, + date = {2020}, + series = {Poverty and {{Equity Note}}}, + number = {18}, + institution = {{World Bank}}, + location = {{Washington, D.C.}}, + url = { + http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/203361579888116251/Location-Matters-Welfare-Among-Urban-and-Rural-Poor-in-Djibouti + }, + keywords = {country::Djibouti,status::skimmed,topic::poverty}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/MPGT5NQI/Ibarra2020_Location Matters.pdf}, +} + @article{Imai2011, title = {Poverty, Inequality and Ethnic Minorities in {{Vietnam}}}, author = {Imai, Katsushi S. and Gaiha, Raghav and Kang, Woojin}, @@ -1294,6 +1529,20 @@ Uganda.pdf}, } +@article{Martin2001, + title = {Djibouti}, + author = {Martin, E. and Martin, P.}, + date = {2001-09-29}, + journaltitle = {BMJ}, + shortjournal = {BMJ}, + volume = {323}, + number = {7315}, + pages = {759--759}, + issn = {0959-8138, 1468-5833}, + doi = {10.1136/bmj.323.7315.759}, + langid = {english}, +} + @article{McCaig2011, title = {Exporting out of Poverty: {{Provincial}} Poverty in {{Vietnam}} and {{U}}.{{S}}. Market Access}, @@ -1401,6 +1650,40 @@ and gender disparities in Beninese primary school attendance.pdf}, } +@report{Mendiratta2019, + title = {Challenges to {{Inclusive Growth}}: {{A Poverty}} and {{Equity + Assessment}} of {{Djibouti}}}, + author = {{World Bank}}, + date = {2019-12-03}, + series = {Poverty and {{Equity Note}}}, + number = {18}, + institution = {{World Bank}}, + location = {{Washington, D.C.}}, + url = { + http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/449741576097502078/Challenges-to-Inclusive-Growth-A-Poverty-and-Equity-Assessment-of-Djibouti + }, + keywords = {country::Djibouti,topic::poverty}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/64DR8Z8S/Mendiratta2019_Challenges to + Inclusive Growth.pdf}, +} + +@report{Mendiratta2020, + title = {The {{Multi-Dimensional Nature}} of {{Poverty}} in {{Djibouti}}}, + author = {{World Bank}}, + date = {2020}, + series = {Poverty and {{Equity Note}}}, + number = {30}, + institution = {{World Bank}}, + location = {{Washington, D.C.}}, + url = { + http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/272691596006234817/The-Multi-Dimensional-Nature-of-Poverty-in-Djibouti + }, + keywords = {country::Djibouti,topic::poverty}, + file = { + /home/marty/Zotero/storage/TU49848D/The-Multi-Dimensional-Nature-of-Poverty-in-Djibouti.pdf + }, +} + @article{MinhHo2021, title = {{{DOES GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON EDUCATION AFFECT PROVINCIAL INCOME INEQUALITY IN VIETNAM}}?}, @@ -1444,6 +1727,45 @@ SPENDING ON EDUCATION AFFECT PROVINCIAL INCOME INEQUALITY IN.pdf}, } +@article{Mormul2016, + title = {Ethio‑{{Djiboutian}} Relations in the 21st Century – towards New + African Cooperation}, + author = {Mormul, Joanna}, + date = {2016}, + journaltitle = {Politeja}, + volume = {13}, + number = {42}, + pages = {263--285}, + publisher = {{KSIĘGARNIA AKADEMICKA Sp. z o.o}}, + location = {{Krakow}}, + issn = {1733-6716}, + doi = {10.12797/Politeja.13.2016.42.16}, + abstract = {Very good political and economic relations between Djibouti and + Ethiopia can be treated as an exceptional case in such a + conflict‑ridden region as the Horn of Africa. Ethio‑Djiboutian + cooperation owes its ‘renaissance’ mostly to the consequences of + the Eritrean‑Ethiopian War (1998‑2000) that left Ethiopia without + direct access to a sea basin. Today, almost 90 per cent of + Ethiopia’s imports arrive via the port of Djibouti, while + Ethiopia receives 95 per cent of the Djiboutian regional exports. + One of the major infrastructure projects that should even enhance + this interstate cooperation is the renovation of the Addis + Ababa‑Djibouti railway network. On the international level both + countries are committed to the question of security, peace, and + stability in the Horn of Africa (e.g. they are engaged in Somali + and South Sudanese peace processes). The aim of the article is to + analyze this specific personification of interstate cooperation, + taking into account the conceptual framework imposed by the + definition of ‘interstate cooperation’ proposed by Robert Keohane + back in the 1980s. Moreover, the author attempts to look into the + reasons behind the development of such good relations, seeking an + answer to the question whether or not they are really mutually + beneficial.}, + langid = {english}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QA48TT2X/Mormul2016_Ethio‑Djiboutian + relations in the 21st century – towards new african cooperation.pdf}, +} + @article{Mottet2009, title = {L’urbanisation de la ville de Ninh Binh dans le delta du fleuve rouge (Vietnam) : mise en perspective des forces et faiblesses de la @@ -1744,6 +2066,66 @@ to contemporary pressures on sloping agricultural land.pdf}, } +@article{Nosier2018, + title = {The {{Indirect Effect}} of {{Democracy}} on {{Economic Growth}} in + the {{MENA Region}} (1990–2015)}, + author = {Nosier, Shereen and El-Karamani, Aya}, + date = {2018-11-19}, + journaltitle = {Economies}, + shortjournal = {Economies}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {61}, + issn = {2227-7099}, + doi = {10.3390/economies6040061}, + abstract = {This paper examines the indirect effect of democracy on economic + growth using a dataset of 17 MENA countries from 1990 to 2015. + Democracy is assumed to affect growth through a series of + channels: education, health, physical capital accumulation per + labor, government consumption, and trade openness. A system of + six simultaneous equations using 3SLS, is used to estimate the + effect of democracy on growth through these channels. For further + analysis, the countries are classified into groups according to + the democratic status on the one side, and the level of income on + the other. The results indicate that democracy enhances growth + through its positive effect on health in all classifications of + countries within the MENA region. However, the effect of + democracy on growth through education and physical capital/labor + is non-monotonic. Democracy hinders growth through government + size and trade openness. Once all of these indirect effects are + accounted for, the overall effect of democracy on growth is + negative in less democratic countries and poor countries, but + positive in more democratic countries and rich countries.}, + langid = {english}, + keywords = {country::Djibouti,status::skimmed,topic::trade_liberalization}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/Y8EAC6RC/Nosier2018_The Indirect Effect + of Democracy on Economic Growth in the MENA Region.pdf}, +} + +@incollection{OECD2009, + title = {Djibouti}, + booktitle = {African Economic Outlook 2009}, + author = {OECD}, + date = {2009}, + series = {African Economic Outlook}, + pages = {211--224}, + publisher = {{OECD Publishing}}, + location = {{Paris}}, + issn = {1999-1029}, + url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/aeo-2009-en}, + abstract = {DJIBOUTI HAS THE ADVANTAGE OF exceptional geographic placement, + located at the confluence of maritime routes to Asia, Europe, the + Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. The bulk of its neighbouring + countries’ foreign trade passes through its international port. + Djibouti is an entry point to the Common Market for Eastern and + Southern Africa (COMESA), an economic area of close to 400 + million consumers.}, + isbn = {92-64-08383-9}, + langid = {english}, + organization = {{OECD}}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/6PGYN69I/OECD2009_Djibouti.pdf}, +} + @book{OECD2013, title = {Co-Operation {{Report}} 2013 : Ending Poverty.}, author = {OECD}, @@ -1770,6 +2152,24 @@ 2013.pdf}, } +@incollection{OECD2013a, + title = {Aid, Trade and Development Indicators for Djibouti}, + booktitle = {Aid for Trade at a Glance 2013}, + author = {OECD}, + date = {2013}, + series = {Aid for Trade at a Glance}, + pages = {228--229}, + publisher = {{OECD Publishing}}, + location = {{Paris}}, + issn = {2223-4411}, + url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/22234411}, + isbn = {978-92-64-20102-6}, + langid = {english}, + organization = {{OECD}}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/CUJQ3HYN/OECD2013_Aid, trade and + development indicators for djibouti.pdf}, +} + @book{OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment2013, title = {Global Food Security: Challenges for the Food and Agricultural System}, @@ -1798,6 +2198,26 @@ pagetotal = {649}, } +@article{Petrosino2012, + title = {Interventions in {{Developing Nations}} for {{Improving Primary}} + and {{Secondary School Enrollment}} of {{Children}}: {{A Systematic + Review}}}, + shorttitle = {Interventions in {{Developing Nations}} for {{Improving + Primary}} and {{Secondary School Enrollment}} of {{Children}}}, + author = {Petrosino, Anthony and Morgan, Claire and Fronius, Trevor A. and + Tanner‐Smith, Emily E. and Boruch, Robert F.}, + date = {2012-01}, + journaltitle = {Campbell Systematic Reviews}, + shortjournal = {Campbell Systematic Reviews}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + issn = {1891-1803, 1891-1803}, + doi = {10.4073/csr.2012.19}, + langid = {english}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/3WY6UMB2/Petrosino2012_Interventions in + Developing Nations for Improving Primary and Secondary School.pdf}, +} + @article{PhamNgaThanhThi2021Nhea, title = {Natural Hazard's Effect and Farmers' Perception: {{Perspectives}} from Flash Floods and Landslides in Remotely Mountainous Regions of @@ -1993,6 +2413,22 @@ access and use of climate information in the.pdf}, } +@article{Smits2019, + title = {The {{Subnational Human Development Database}}}, + author = {Smits, Jeroen and Permanyer, Iñaki}, + date = {2019-03}, + journaltitle = {Scientific Data}, + shortjournal = {Sci Data}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {190038}, + issn = {2052-4463}, + doi = {10.1038/sdata.2019.38}, + langid = {english}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/VV29YFBP/Smits2019_The Subnational Human + Development Database.pdf}, +} + @article{Son2020, title = {Community Adaptation and Climate Change in the {{Northern Mountainous Region}} of {{Vietnam}}: {{A}} Case Study of Ethnic @@ -2177,6 +2613,21 @@ knowledge systems in subsistence agriculture, climate risk.pdf}, } +@report{TsouckIbounde2021, + title = {Djibouti {{Economic Monitor}}: {{Navigating}} through the {{ + Pandemic}} and {{Regional Tensions}}}, + author = {{World Bank}}, + date = {2021}, + institution = {{World Bank}}, + location = {{Washington, D.C.}}, + url = { + http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/237751646144451455/Djibouti-Economic-Monitor-Navigating-through-the-Pandemic-and-Regional-Tensions + }, + keywords = {country::Djibouti,topic::poverty}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/BM6ZY8AB/Tsouck Ibounde2020_Tsouck + Ibounde,Rick Emery Wes,Marina Mohammed,Nadir Le Borgne,Eric.pdf}, +} + @article{Twongyirwe2019, title = {Perceived Effects of Drought on Household Food Security in {{ South-western Uganda}}: {{Coping}} Responses and Determinants}, @@ -2426,7 +2877,7 @@ @report{WorldBank2012, title = {Vietnam Poverty Assessment: Well Begun, Not yet Done - {{Vietnam}} 's Remarkable Progress on Poverty Reduction and the Emerging - Challenges ({{English}}).}, + Challenges}, author = {{World Bank}}, date = {2012}, institution = {{World Bank}}, @@ -2516,6 +2967,73 @@ Outlook for Benin.pdf}, } +@report{WorldBank2022c, + title = {Macro {{Poverty Outlook}} for {{Djibouti}} : {{April}} 2022}, + author = {{World Bank}}, + date = {2022}, + institution = {{World Bank}}, + location = {{Washington, D.C.}}, + url = { + https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099310104232265208/idu08979c8f809e1604dc70be93050dce6a02a23 + }, + keywords = {country::Djibouti,status::read,topic::poverty}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/GP5993W5/World Bank2022_Macro Poverty + Outlook for Djibouti.pdf}, +} + +@report{WorldBank2022d, + title = {Djibouti {{Gender Landscape}}}, + author = {{World Bank}}, + date = {2022}, + series = {Country {{Gender Landscape}}}, + institution = {{World Bank}}, + location = {{Washington, D.C.}}, + url = { + http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099929206302212659/IDU068dce0c7003280435b099f8040232925d37f + }, + keywords = {country::Djibouti,inequality::gender,status::read,topic::gender}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/LR8Z2RKE/World Bank2022_Djibouti Gender + Landscape.pdf}, +} + +@book{WorldBankWashingtonDistrictofColumbia2020, + title = {Poverty and {{Shared Prosperity}} 2020: Reversals of Fortune}, + shorttitle = {Poverty and {{Shared Prosperity}} 2020}, + editor = {World Bank (Washington, District of Columbia)}, + date = {2020}, + series = {Poverty and Shared Prosperity}, + publisher = {{World Bank}}, + location = {{Washington}}, + abstract = {"Previous Poverty and Shared Prosperity reports have conveyed + the difficult message that the world is not on track to meet the + global goal of reducing extreme poverty to 3 percent by 2030. + This edition brings the unwelcome news that COVID-19, along with + conflict and climate change, has not merely slowed global poverty + reduction but reversed it for first time in over twenty years. + With COVID-19 predicted to push up to 100 million additional + people into extreme poverty in 2020, trends in global poverty + rates will be set back at least three years over the next decade. + Today, 40 percent of the global poor live in fragile or + conflict-affected situations, a share that could reach two-thirds + by 2030. Multiple effects of climate change could drive an + estimated 65 to 129 million people into poverty in the same + period. "Reversing the reversal" will require responding + effectively to COVID-19, conflict, and climate change while not + losing focus on the challenges that most poor people continue to + face most of the time. Though these are distinctive types of + challenges, there is much to be learned from the initial response + to COVID-19 that has broader implications for development policy + and practice, just as decades of addressing more familiar + development challenges yield insights that can inform responses + to today's unfamiliar but daunting ones. Solving novel problems + requires rapid learning, open cooperation, and strategic + coordination by everyone: from political leaders and scientists + to practitioners and citizens"--}, + isbn = {978-1-4648-1602-4}, + file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/NTSPMLHE/World Bank (Washington, District + of Columbia)2020_Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020.pdf}, +} + @article{Yikii2017, title = {Prevalence of Household Food Insecurity in Wetland Adjacent Areas of {{Uganda}}},